基于RAMSIS仿真的高速列车驾驶界面人机工效评估

为保证高速列车驾驶界面设计方案符合人机工效要求,提出基于虚拟仿真分析的高速列车驾驶界面评估方法。采用CATIA软件构建列车驾驶室数字模型,导入RAMSIS虚拟仿真软件,从人机尺寸、舒适性、可达性、视野4方面分析驾驶界面的人机特性,将仿真结果和行业标准作为评估准则,用于高速列车驾驶界面的人机工效评估。将该方法运用于某标准动车组驾驶界面设计方案的人机工效评估。结果表明:该型驾驶界面符合标准,满足第5百分位到第95百分位驾驶者的人机工效要求。该虚拟评估方法便捷可行,为高速列车驾驶界面设计方案的筛选和改进提供了有效手段。     

装备驾驶界面人机设计评价研究综述

装备的驾驶界面是人-机交互的主要接口,随着我国对装备研发的投入越来越大,开展驾驶界面设计方案评价可以有效节省研发成本和时间。结合驾驶界面的基本构成,分为主观评价法、实验评价法、仿真评价法和综合评价法4类方法概述了其主要评价技术。系统综述了近年来装备驾驶界面在视觉工效评价、操纵舒适性评价和布局合理性评价方面的国内外研究进展,分析了各类评价内容适用的评价方法。指出未来装备驾驶界面评价研究可以围绕自动驾驶界面、虚拟现实评价技术和情感化评价技术展开。     

体育场所照明灯具眩光的研究

眩光是照明质量评价中一个重要的方面,而且又是在高功率照明中容易出现但经常被忽视的问题,眩光的防治在体育照明中显得格外重要。体育照明种类繁多而且照明要求高,通过DIALux软件对室内篮球场灯光效果进行了仿真模拟,在保证照度达到标准的前提下,结合引起眩光的因素,控制灯具的材料和建筑材料来防治直射眩光以及反射眩光,通过调节合理的环境亮度比以及调整灯具的位置从而达到对眩光的防治。     

高速机械系统运动特性的实时视觉检测技术研究

介绍一种利用高速视觉传感器,对机械系统高速运动进行实时运动特性提取的技术,并搭建高速视觉检测系统,可以对复杂的高速机械设备进行长时间、无接触的运动频率检测。本技术将高速相机视为多传感器系统,对预存储的多周期高帧率图像进行离线处理,设计周期运动特性关键像素点提取算法,以这些像素点为固定的多个子传感器,将图像简化为一维向量,并建立周期运动特性样本序列数据库,实现基于视觉平台的高速机械运动相位和频率检测技术。为验证算法的有效性和系统的稳定性,利用步进电动机带动的旋转装置和缝纫机的机械运动部分进行试验,结果证明了本算法和系统可以正确的提取周期运动特性关键像素点,建立样本数据库,完成高速实时视觉检测。     

基于夜间辅助驾驶的图像预处理方法研究

辅助驾驶中的前车车辆检测及灯语识别能够有效减少夜间行车时交通事故的发生。提出一种夜视图像的预处理方法,能够对夜视图像中存在的白色眩光和红色眩光进行有效去除,为夜间行车情况下的车辆检测及灯语识别算法创造良好的应用环境。基于暗通道先验去雾理论进行计算的简化,针对夜视图像中的红色眩光问题提出相应的去除方法,能够在保证处理效率的前提下,保证对夜视图像中的白色眩光和红色眩光的去除效果。     

高速列车流固耦合的平衡状态方法

为实现横风下车辆-轨道耦合动力学和列车空气动力学之间的联合仿真,提出一种快速高效计算的平衡状态方法。在忽略轨道不平顺情况下,轮流交替求解稳定气动力作用下的车辆-轨道耦合动力学响应以及稳定姿态下的列车流场和气动力;通过收敛准则判定横风下高速列车的平衡状态;将平衡状态下的稳定气动力加载车辆-轨道耦合动力学并计算高速列车动力学响应。研究横风速度为13.8 m/s时高速列车以350 km/h运行的流固耦合动力学行为。比较平衡状态方法、交互式联合仿真和离线仿真三种计算方法关于气动力和安全性指标结果的差异,研究结果表明,采用平衡状态方法与交互式联合仿真方法的计算结果差异较小,但平衡状态方法的计算效率远高于交互式联合仿真方法的计算效率。     

基于KCF-Hash-Match目标跟踪算法的高速列车车轮横向晃动识别方法

良好的轮轨接触状态是高速列车安全运行的重要保障,轮轨相对横移量作为判别轮轨接触状态的重要指标,直接决定着车轮是否存在脱轨危险,基于机器视觉的轮轨在线跟踪监测技术可为高速列车轮轨接触点状态识别提供新的思路。测试采用在转向架底部安装摄像机的测试方法,获取列车高速运行时的轮轨接触图像。综合考虑核相关滤波算法跟踪速度快和模板匹配算法跟踪精度高的优点,并融入哈希算法原理。提出一种能够识别高速列车轮轨接触几何状态的核相关滤波-哈希-模板匹配算法(Kernel correlation filtering-Hash-Match,KCF-Hash-Match),用于复杂运营环境下高速列车车轮横向异常晃动的监测。结果表明,KCF-Hash-Match算法能够解决传统核相关滤波算法在跟踪快速移动目标时存在的误差积累问题,当允许的误差阈值为8个像素点时,准确率达到99.8%;与现场实测数据对比表明,KCF-Hash-Match算法具有较高的跟踪精度,可实现高速列车车轮横向晃动的安全监测。     

服役过程中高速列车动态损失定量分析方法

高速列车故障所导致的事故会造成很大的经济损失与社会影响,而现有的高速列车风险评估方法未能考虑列车服役过程中外界环境的时变特性.选择考虑多环境因素共同作用下的动态损失系数对静态值进行更新,建立适用于高速列车的运行风险定量评估方法.通过对与损失密切相关的典型环境因素进行分析,首先利用逻辑斯蒂分布构建不同环境因素对高速列车运行损失代价的影响的概率模型,进而应用层次分析法完成对不同环境因素的影响权重分配,最终将环境影响权重与概率模型相结合实现高速列车的动态损失量化评估.对某型高速列车运行过程的仿真验证结果表明,计算结果不仅能满足高速列车对动态风险评估的需求,而且能合理地刻画不同环境因素综合作用条件下的动态损失.该方法将实时的外界环境因素对于运行事故的损失引入高速列车定量风险评估中,能够为相关人员的决策提供一种有效的参考指标.     

基于司机认知与行为特性的机车驾驶界面布局设计

为了提高机车司机室的设计水平,进行了基于机车司机认知与行为特性的驾驶界面布局设计研究。建立了机车司机的综合认知模型与行为动态模型,对其驾驶作业的视觉特性进行了眼动分析实验,分析了不同行为水平与认知层次的对应关系,并将司机的认知与行为共性特征作为约束条件提出了机车驾驶界面设计的原则性要求。以此为基础,提出了驾驶界面布局优化设计的一般程序,对仪表与显示器的分组、整合及布局进行了优化设计,并给出了具体的设计案例。     

机床人机界面布局评价方法

本研究的目的在于构建数控机床界面布局合理性评价方法，界面设计合理性评价需要从主观和客观的角度进行分析，为了更好的实现对机床界面布局的评价研究，客观角度本文选择根据视觉认识理论与机床界面布局关系进行评价，主观角度本文选择层次分析法进行分析。其次简要分析了这些评价标准的可用性。研究为后续机床人机界面布局设计提供参考，提升机床使用者的用户体验。     

基于模糊自适应联合卡尔曼滤波算法的列车测速测距信息融合（英文）

高速列车的测速定位精度直接影响着列控系统的控制精度和行车效率,为了提高列车自主控车能力,本文以GPS辅助速度传感器、雷达进行组合测速定位,以提高测速定位精度并减少对地面设备的依赖。针对卡尔曼滤波在统计特征变化时滤波精度下降的问题,运用模糊综合评判方法对子滤波器进行评价,根据滤波置信度动态调整信息分配系数,提高该系统的融合精度和容错性;当子滤波器处于次优状态则进行协方差成形自适应滤波,依据最小化代价函数获得误差协方差的调节因子,来提高实测残差方差和系统递推残差的匹配度,增强滤波精度。仿真结果表明,本文提出的改进滤波算法能够有效跟踪系统变化情况、明显增强滤波精度及提高测速定位精度。     

Identification of key design parameters of high-speed train for optimal design

As a complex mechatronic system, the running stability, safety, and comfort of high-speed train are affected by many design variables. It is of great difficulty to identify a set of effective design parameters to optimize its running performance. The current simulation systems like the SIMPACK can simulate the running dynamics, but cannot be used effectively for optimal design of the train and rail system because there are too many design variables being supposed to be dealt with. Therefore, there is a need to make a software solution from simulation analysis to optimal design so that the computer-aided design (CAD) and engineering (CAE) can be integrated into an integral design process. This paper presents a new method to identify the key design variables against the running performance indicators based on the sensitivity analysis, which in turn bases itself on simulation-oriented surrogate models. In this way, the optimal design of a high-speed train can be successfully conducted because (1) the surrogate model can reduce the simulation time greatly and (2) the design variable space with the key variables will be reduced significantly. The research shows that this method is of practical significance for speeding up the design of high-speed train or similar complex mechatronic systems.     

Development of an evaluation method for quantitative driveability in heavy-duty vehicles

Subjective evaluations by experienced test drivers are primarily used to assess the driveability of vehicles in automotive companies. However, these evaluations are limited in terms of repeatability, incur costs, and require much time. Therefore, this study introduces a method of quantitatively evaluating the driveability of heavy-duty vehicles to circumvent these limitations. A vehicle experiment is conducted to measure data from an electronic control unit and an accelerometer to assess the driveability of heavy-duty vehicles. The evaluation indices for driveability are selected from previous studies on the objective and subjective methods of evaluating driveability according to various driving conditions. The indices include engine start, idle, acceleration, deceleration, constant speed, and start-up driving conditions. This research presents a quantitative evaluation method using the calculated values of each index and the correlated weighting factors of indices obtained from the regression analysis of the subjective evaluations. The driveability of heavy-duty vehicles is quantitatively evaluated under various driving conditions based on the proposed method. Results of the quantitative evaluation are similar to those of the subjective evaluations, and the proposed method is determined applicable in evaluating the driveability of heavy-duty vehicles.     

城轨列车虚拟驾驶仿真系统

城轨列车虚拟驾驶仿真系统是一种结构简单、经济实用的初级训练驾驶器,主要包括虚拟控制台和视景仿真系统。文章介绍了在1台计算机上实现虚拟驾驶的方法,即采用GLStudio构建控制台模型,采用MultiGen Creator构建三维视景模型,采用Vega对视景进行驱动。文中对列车虚拟驾驶仿真系统的动力学模型和逻辑控制模型也做了简要介绍。     

Performance evaluation and design optimization using differential evolutionary algorithm of the pantograph for the high-speed train

The global trend in the railway industry is the effort to increase the maximum speed and stability of a train. For an electric railway vehicle to meet this driving performance, stable electric power should be supplied by a catenary system. Various factors affect the current collection performance, most important of which is the dynamic characteristics of a pantograph. In this paper, the sensitivity analysis and design optimization of a pantograph for a high-speed train were conducted using a finite element method. The dynamic catenarypantograph interaction was analyzed by using the commercial finite element analysis software, SAMCEF. The pantograph was modeled as a three degrees of freedom mass-spring-damper system, and the pre-sag of the contact and messenger wire due to gravity was implemented. The span data of a high-speed line was applied in the analysis model. And the dynamic characteristics of the pantograph model were obtained by a performance test. The reliability of the simulation model was verified by comparing the analysis contact force results with the test data. By simulation, the mean contact force and its standard deviation etc. were evaluated, and then sensitivity of the pantograph was analyzed. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, the specification of the pantograph was optimized. In the optimization process, response surface analysis and differential evolutionary algorithm were applied to define the regressive function and to determine the optimum values for stable current collection performance. Finally, the improvement of the current collection performance was verified by comparing the optimum specification results with the original specification.     

基于伴随方法的高速列车头型气动优化

为改善高速列车明线运行时的气动性能,基于伴随方法和径向基函数网格变形技术,开展高速列车头型气动优化设计。采用径向基函数网格变形技术,避免列车头型优化过程中的网格重复生成,提高头型优化的效率。通过伴随方法求解目标函数对列车头型的敏感度,无须定义任何的头型设计变量,避免人为指定设计变量对优化结果的影响。将网格变形技术、伴随方法及计算流体动力学（Computational fluid dynamic,CFD）方法相结合,构建高速列车头型优化设计流程,选取整车气动阻力和尾车气动升力为优化目标,对高速列车头型进行多目标气动优化设计。结果表明：伴随方法可以有效地应用于高速列车的头型优化;优化后,在满足约束条件的情况下,列车的整车气动阻力减小2.83%,尾车气动升力减小25.86%;气动阻力减小主要位于头尾车流线型部位,中间车和头尾车车体气动阻力基本保持不变;尾车气动升力减小主要位于流线型部位,尾车车体向下的升力绝对值也有所减小。     

BODY PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING HUMAN MACHINE CONTACT INTERFACE

Aiming at the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface in automo- bile driving and based on physiological and anatomical principle,the physiological and biochemical process of muscles and nerves in the formation and development of fatigue is analyzed systematically. The fatigue-causing physiological characteristic indexes are mapped to biomechanical indexes like muscle stress-strain,the compression deformation of blood vessels and nerves etc.from the perspec- tive of formation mechanism.The geometrical model of skeleton and parenchyma is established by applying CT-scanned body data and MRI images.The general rule of comfort body pressm'e distribu- tion is acquired through the analysis of anatomical structure of buttocks and femoral region.The comprehensive test platform for sitting comfort of 3D adjustable contact interface is constructed.The test of body pressure distribution of human-machine contact interface and its comparison with subjec- tire evaluation indicates that the biomechanical indexes of automobile driving human-machine con- tact interface and body pressure distribution rule studied can effectively evaluate the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface and provide theoretical basis for the optimal de- sign of human-machine contact interface.     

高速列车二系垂向悬挂系统设计解析表达式*

根据1/4车体4自由度垂向振动模型,利用随机振动理论及留数定理,建立轨道高低不平顺激励下的车辆垂向振动响应均方根值解析表达式;通过数值计算对解析表达式的正确性进行了验证,结果表明在一定有效数字范围内解析计算值与数值计算值完全吻合,表明所建立的解析表达式是正确的;通过整车仿真对比对解析计算方法的可靠性进行了验证,可知车体垂向振动加速度均方根值和二系悬挂垂向行程均方根值的解析计算值与整车仿真验证值的最大相对偏差分别仅为12.50%和15.47%,表明所建立的解析计算方法是可靠的。在此基础上,利用黄金分割原理,建立了二系垂向悬挂系统阻尼比优化设计方法,并通过实例对其可行性进行了分析,为高速列车二系垂向悬挂系统参数的初始设计提供了参考。     

基于MC9S12XS128单片机的汽车智能照明系统设计

基于MC9S12XS128单片机设计汽车智能照明系统,可根据车辆当前行驶路况选择合适的照明模式,极大地消除驾驶员视野盲区,提高行车安全系数。此系统还具有自动和手动两种控制方式,驾驶员可根据自身习惯和驾驶需要合理进行选择,有效降低驾驶者的视觉疲劳,使得设计更加符合人机工程原理。