Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Hydration Rate of Cement Pastes and Strength of Mortars

The effect of fly ash and silica fume on hydration rate and strength of cement in the early stage was studied. Contrast test was applied to the complex cementitious system to investigate the hydration rate. Combined with mechanical strength, the influence of fly ash and silica fume during the hydration process of complex binder was researched. The peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength decreased as the ratio of fly ash increased, however, as the ratio of silica fume increased, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength increased obviously. When the ratios of fly ash and silica fume are 10% and 5%, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution is the highest. At the same time 7 days of flexural and compressive strength are the highest as 8.89 MPa and 46.52 MPa, respectively. Fly ash and silica fume are the main factors affecting the hydration rate and the mechanical property.     

Ultra high early strength self-compacting mortar based on sulfoaluminate cement and silica fume

The influences of silica fume and aluminum sulfate on hydration process of sulfoaluminate cement were carried out by ring flow, setting time, hydration heat, XRD and DTG analyses. In addition, mortar mixtures with different functional additives have been studied through compressive strength, flexural strength, volume stability at early age and porosity characterization tests. The results show that the addition of silica fume and aluminum sulfate reduces the fluidity and shortens the setting time of sulfoaluminate cement paste, promoting hydration process and increasing hydration products at early age. In the case of appropriate proportion of mortar, the inclusion of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, dispersible polypropylene fiber and organic silicon kind of defoamer can control segregation and bleeding, improve mechanical strength and volume stability at early age, and modify the pore distribution of sulfoaluminate cement mortar, respectively. The sulfoaluminate cement mortar can carry out gravitational grouting in the absence of outside force, the compressive strength of 2 hours and 24 hours have reached 26 and 58 MPa respectively, and have good microexpansion and tiny pore distribution characterization.     

Hydration mechanism of sulphoaluminate cement

The feasibility of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) utilization in support mortar was studied. Setting time and strength of as-received sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) paste were examined, hydration kinetics behavior was determined through Isothermal Calorimeter, and hydration mechanism was investigated by X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis(FSEM). Results showed that as-received SAC contained 61% of anhydrous calcium sulfate (3CA·CaSO4) and dicalcium silicate (C2S). The strength after 1 day or 3 days grew to 68.6% or 85.7% of that after 28 days respectively, while most of hydration heat was released within 1 day. The emergency of three exothermic peaks at acceleration stage was found and hydration kinetics model was established choosing the terminal time of the first exothermic peak at accelerating stage as the beginning of accelerating stage. XRD analysis suggested that large amount of ettringite (AFt) was produced at early age and FSEM observation revealed that ettringite (AFt) formed in sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) paste was characterized of different morphology which was proved to be caused by different ion concentrations.     

低温硅灰-硅酸盐水泥复合胶凝体系力学性能及微观结构

目的研究不同温度体系时不同的硅灰掺量对复合胶凝体系的力学性能及微观结构的影响．方法在低温条件下,将体积分数为0、2％、5％、8％、10％的硅灰掺入到硅酸盐水泥中,测试水泥砂浆的抗压、抗折强度,进行SEM扫描电镜分析．结果随着硅灰掺入量的增加,复合胶凝体系的力学性能呈现先增加后降低的趋势,结构趋于密实;当硅灰的掺量达到8％时,复合胶凝体系的14d抗压、抗折强度达到最大值．结论低温环境影响了复合胶凝体系力学性能的发展,硅灰的加入促进了复合胶凝体系的水化,改善了水泥石的微观结构．     

Hydration Mechanism of Cement-based Materials with Different Si-rich Mineral Admixtures

Early hydration mechanism of cement-based materials with silica fume, nano-SiO_2 and silica sol of different contents was investigated, and the detailed effect of these Si-rich mineral admixtures in three stages of early hydration(NG, I, D) using kinetics model was focused. The results showed that silica fume, nano-SiO_2, and silica sol have significant effect on kinetic parameters n, k_1, k_2 and k_3, the fineness and existing form of SiO_2 particles in these Si-rich mineral admixtures are two important factors to affect the hydration process and on the parameters. Through integrated use of methods of hydration heat-Krstulovic-Dabic Modelsynthetical thermal analysis, data of hydration heat were collected, hydration degree was characterized, as well as the resulting crystallization behavior of early hydration, to build a numerical relationship between parameter n and CH contents that n decreases with increasing CH, and thus, a direct connection between hydration heat release behavior and crystallization behavior has been established.     

Influence of Nano-SiO_2 Addition on Properties of Sulphoaluminate Cement Based Material

The influences of different nano-SiO_2(NS) contents on the mechanical properties and rheological behavior of sulfoaluminate cement(SAC) based composite materials were studied.Results show that with increasing content of NS,the apparent viscosity,and shearing strength of fresh paste gradually increase but the fluidity decreases.With a dosage of 3.0%NS,the tensile and flexural strengths of mortars at 56 days were increased by 87.0%and 84.6%,respectively,compared with that in the absence of NS,indicating that the toughness of hardened mortars is significantly improved.Besides,the exothermic peaks of hydration are obviously increased and will earlier occur,and the second and the third peaks appear 2.61 hours and 2.56 hours earlier,respectively than that in the absence of NS,and the hydration of SAC before 8 hours is accelerated.The forming mechanism of strengths was revealed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),hydration heat,X-ray diffraction(XRD) and derivative thermogravimetry(DTG).The micro-aggregate filling effect and nucleation effect at early age and weak pozzolanic effect at late age of NS make the microstructure more compact,which obviously enhances the strength of SAC mortars.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of sulfur aluminate cement composites reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of sulfur aluminate cement (SAC) composites was investigated. The dispersed MWCNTs were added into SAC in various weight contents.The results of mechanical properties of the MWCNTs/SAC composites indicated that the addition of 0.08 wt% MWCNTs can improve the SAC compressive strength, flexural strength, and bend-press ratio by 15.54%, 52.38%, and 31.30% at maximum, respectively. The degree of SAC hydration and porosity and pore size distribution of the matrix were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Results show that the addition of MWCNTs in SAC composites can promote the hydration of SAC and the formation of C-S-H gel, reduce the porosity and refine the pore size distribution of the matrix. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It is found that the MWCNTs have been dispersed homogeneously between the hydration products of SAC paste and act as bridges and networks between cracks and voids, which prevents the development of the cracks and transfers the load.     

纳米硅粉水泥土固化机理研究

将具有优异性能的纳米硅粉作为外掺剂应用于水泥土改性研究.通过室内无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了纳米硅粉掺人比和龄期对水泥土强度的影响规律;结合水泥石强度试验和X射线衍射(XRD)试验,研究了纳米硅粉对水泥浆的改性效果和改性机理;通过扫描电镜(SEM)测试,分析了纳米硅粉水泥土的微结构特点及微结构形成过程;在纳米硅粉-土相互作用分析的基础上,提出了纳米硅粉水泥土的固化机理,该研究将为纳米硅粉在水泥土中的进一步应用奠定理论和试验基础.     

石膏与硅灰对钢渣水泥基胶凝材料复合改性效应

以钢渣和水泥为主要原料,加入少量石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)与硅灰,制备钢渣水泥基胶凝材料。探讨了CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰掺量对钢渣水泥基胶凝材料强度的影响,并通过XRD、SEM表征,研究钢渣水泥基胶凝材料的水化性能。结果表明：复掺1% CaSO4·2H2O和4% 硅灰的钢渣水泥基胶凝材料3 d抗压强度较未掺CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰提高了59.0%,28 d抗压强度提高了32.4%;CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰的加入不会影响钢渣水泥基胶凝材料水化产物种类;相同龄期内,加入CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰的钢渣水泥基胶凝材料中水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶和钙矾石(AFt)含量增多,Ca(OH)2晶体含量、晶体尺寸有所减小。     

硅灰与氧化石墨烯对硬化水泥浆体的复合增强效应

研究了硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时对硬化水泥浆体力学性能的影响. 分别进行了普通水泥浆体、内掺质量分数10%的硅灰水泥、外掺质量分数0.8%的氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂（GOPCs）水泥浆体以及同时内掺硅灰与外掺GOPCs的水泥浆体的配制. 对4种硬化水泥浆体的抗折强度、抗压强度以及90 d龄期孔隙率进行了测定,同时采用X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜对水泥水化产物进行分析,并将4种样品的力学性能进行比较. 结果表明,当掺10%硅灰时,硬化水泥浆体90 d抗压强度比空白样提高了3.6%,抗折强度提高了9.6%;当只使用氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂而不掺硅灰时,抗压强度提高了11.9%,抗折强度提高了15.3%;当硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时,抗压强度提高了22.7%,抗折强度提高了38.6%. 孔隙率的变化以及XRD、SEM分析证实了这一结果. 因此,硅灰与氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂对硬化水泥浆体具有复合增强作用.     

Early-age Electrical Resistivity and Reactive Capacity of Mineral Admixtures in Mortars

1 IntroductionPozzolanic capacity of mineral admixture in concreteis usually tested by direct reaction with Ca(OH)2whilemonitoringthe consumption of lime (or strength develop-ment) .In theory,it is possible to completely react withall the calcium hydroxide , but this happens in practiceinfrequently.Some standards for methods ,among whichthere are chemical analysis and physical tests ,are devel-opedin some countries to allowaccurate characterizationof pozzolanic materials[1-3].And crrently,th…     

早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆强度与结构影响的研究

探讨了不同早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆强度及微观结构的影响.结果表明：掺入不同的早强剂均可提高掺硅灰的水泥砂浆早期强度,且对其1 d抗压强度的增强效果优于3 d.其中掺入适量的硫酸钠可迅速生成大量的钙矾石晶体,提高水泥砂浆的密实度,同时促进了硅灰的火山灰反应,明显提高了掺硅灰的水泥砂浆的早期强度,但早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆后期强度影响不大.3种早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆早期强度增强作用从大到小的顺序依次为硫酸钠、氯化钙、三乙醇胺,其中硫酸钠掺量为3%时增强作用最佳.     

多元复合超早强灌浆料试验

目的研究铝酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏和硅灰四元复合体系超早强灌浆料的流动度、凝结时间和力学性能,找出超早强灌浆料的最佳配比．方法采用行星式搅拌机将原材料搅拌均匀,利用跳桌测试流动度,贯入阻力法测定凝结时间,水泥压力试验机测试力学强度,混凝土收缩膨胀仪测试膨胀性能,分析砂胶比为1．0的微观结构．结果该体系辅以多种外加剂,采用高胶砂比可以保证初始流动度大于325mm,30min流动度大于280mm,2h抗压强度达34．80MPa,24h抗折达13．82MPa,28d抗压强度大于99．90MPa,56d抗压强度大于28d抗压强度．早期SEM微观结构显示晶形生长良好,结构致密．结论铝酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏和硅灰按一定的比例复配,具有良好的施工和易性和力学性能．     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of poly (vinyl chloride) modified by silica fume / acrylic core-shell impact modifier blends

This research explored replacing acrylic core-shell impact modifier (AIM) by silica fume to toughen PVC. 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of AIM (8 phr) were substituted by silica fume in PVC respectively, and then processed by dry blending and twin-screw extrusion. Severe silica fume agglomeration was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the PVC matrix when 8 phr pure silica fume was used and processed by screw speed of 20 rpm. Its tensile strength was thereby reduced by 38% comparing to unmodified PVC. The silica fume was successfully dispersed while the screw speed was slowed down to 10 rpm to give a stronger screw torque and a longer melt residential time in the extruder. The tensile strength was ’recovered’ to a level comparable to unmodified PVC. Impact test were performed on all formulations extruded at 10 rpm screw speed and synergetic toughening effect was found with 50% substitution and it had the impact strength that was comparable to 8 phr pure AIM toughened PVC.     

A Comparative Study on the Pozzolanic Activity between Nano-SiO2 and Silica Fume

The pozzolanic activity of nano-SiO2 and silica fume was comparatirely stndied by X-ray diffraction （ XRD ） , differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron micrascopy （SEM） and the compressive , bond and bending streugths of hardened paste and concrete were also measured. Results indicate that the compressive strength development of the paste made from Ca（OH）2 and nano-SiO2, the reaction rate of Ca（ OH）2 with nano- SiO2 and the velocity of C-S-H gel formation from Ca （ OH）2 with nano-SiO2 showed marked increases over those of Ca（ OH）2 with silica fume. Furthermore, the bond strength at the interface between aggregate and hardened cement paste, and the bending strength of concrete incorporated with 3% .NS increased more than those with SF, especially at early ages. To sum up, the pozzolanic activity of nano-SiO2 was much greater than that of silica fume. The results suggest that with a small amount of nano-SiO2, the Ca（ OH）2 crystal at the interface between hardened cement paste and aggregate at early ages may be effectively absorbed in high performance concrete.     

Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Compensated by Metakaolin or Silica Fume

The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of high volume fly ash concrete with incorporation of either metakaolin or silica fume were investigated. The water to cementitious materials ratio was kept at 0.4 for all mixtures. The use of high volume fly ash in concrete greatly reduces the strength and dynamic modulus during the first 28 days. The decreased properties during the short term of high volume fly ash concrete is effectively compensated by the incorporation of metakaolin or silica fume. The DTA results confirmed that metakaolin or silica fume increase the amount of the hydration products. An empirical relationship between dynamic modulus and compressive strength of concrete has been obtained. This relation provides a nondestructive evaluation for estimating the strength of concrete by use of the dynamic modulus.     

磷酸镁水泥改性试验研究

通过分别掺加粉煤灰、微硅粉和可分散乳胶粉对磷酸镁水泥(MPC)进行改性,研究了粉煤灰掺量、微硅粉掺量和可分散乳胶粉掺量对磷酸镁水泥浆体流动性、凝结硬化时间和抗压强度的影响。根据实验结果,分别选取了粉煤灰掺量为50%,微硅粉掺量为10%和可分散乳胶粉掺量为2%的改性MPC净浆,测试分析了MPC及改性MPC粘结强度、收缩性能、耐磨性和耐水性。结果表明,不同的改性材料对MPC性能带来不同的影响,其中掺入粉煤灰不仅降低了MPC成本,而且对各项性能有所改善,微硅粉仅对耐水性和耐磨性带来改善,乳胶粉较大地提高了粘结性能和耐水性。     

Performances of Concrete under Elevated Curing Temperature

The behaviors of concrete at elevated curing temperature were studied. The test results show that when concrete is cured at elevated temperature , a harmful consequence occurs. The later strength decreases significantly compared to that under normal curing condition. Incorporating silica fume, fly ash and slag or lowering wl c ratio can effectively alleviate this harmful consequence. Comparatively, incorporation of silica fume is the most efficient means to decrease the later strength reduction. The harmful consequence is not caused by the difference in degree of hydration since the degree of hydration is similar between elevated curing temperature and normal curing conthion . The SEM analysis shows that it is the uneven distribution of hydration products caused by elevated curing temperature that leads to the later strength reduction of concrete.     

加载速率对CA砂浆抗压强度的影响

CA砂浆中沥青的大量存在使得其力学性能具有较强的时间依赖性.首先研究了CA砂浆抗压强度在不同加载速率下的变化规律及沥青乳液与水泥的相对质量比、砂的细度模数与外掺料硅灰(SF)和橡胶粉(CR)对CA砂浆抗压强度时间依赖性的影响.结果表明:CA砂浆的抗压强度随加载速率的升高呈增加趋势,沥青的相对含量越低,增加趋势越明显;砂的细度模数越小,CA砂浆的抗压强度对加载速率的稳定性越好,但同时会导致CA砂浆的流动性损失过大.SF和CR对CA砂浆表现出的时间依赖性有不同程度的改善作用.同时提出了沥青在CA砂浆中的理想分布模型,对其力学性能的时间依赖性进行了解释.     

硅灰掺量对活性粉末混凝土(RPC200)性能的影响

为了解硅灰对活性粉末混凝土性能的影响,以及硅灰在活性粉末混凝土中的增强机理,通过试验分析,讨论了活性粉末混凝土中硅灰掺量变化对混凝土密度、相对密度和抗压强度等性能的影响.硅灰的微填充效应有利于提高活性粉末混凝土的密度和相对密度,而火山灰效应有利于提高其强度.当硅灰掺量约为水泥掺量的25%~35%时,可获得性能较好的RPC200.为降低成本而又不大幅度损害活性粉末混凝土的强度,超细粉煤灰等矿物掺合料替代硅灰的量不宜超过20%.