L-苯丙氨醇的制备

以L-苯丙氨酸为原料，经甲酯化后用硼氢化钠作还原剂，在加入氯化锂的条件下还原得到L-苯丙氨醇。还原反应的最佳条件为NaBH4和L-苯丙氨酸甲酯的物质的量比2：1，20℃反应4h，收率达到81％。     

2-(3-(呋喃-2-基)丙烯酰胺基)3-苯基丙酸的制备工艺研究

以2-呋喃丙烯酸和L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐为原料制备了2-(3-(呋喃-2-基)丙烯酰胺基)3-苯基丙酸()。并优化了中间体3-(2-呋喃基)丙烯酰基-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯()工艺条件。优化条件为:反应温度5℃,原料n(2-呋喃丙烯酸)∶n(L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐)∶n(苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐(BOP)=0.90∶1.00∶2.00,反应溶剂二氯甲烷,反应时间20 h;水解得的适宜温度为20℃,总收率为87.53%,纯度为98.55%。工艺收率高、成本低,适合工业化生产。     

马蹄金素酯类衍生物的合成及表征

以L-酪氨酸为起始原料,在碱性条件下与苯甲酰氯缩合得到N-苯甲酰基-O-苯甲酰基-L-酪氨酸(Ⅰ),收率87%;然后,在氯甲酸异丁酯-N-甲基吗啉(IBCF-NMM)的作用下与L-苯丙氨醇缩合形成具有双酰胺结构的N-(N-苯甲酰基-O-苯甲酰基-L-酪氨酰基)-L-苯丙氨醇(Ⅱ),收率80.7%;经碱水解得N-(N-苯甲酰基-L-酪氨酰基)-L-苯丙氨醇(Ⅲ),收率84.5%;在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和无水K2CO3的作用下与二甲氨基氯乙烷盐酸盐反应4 h后得N-(N-苯甲酰基-O-二甲氨基乙基-L-酪氨酰基)-L-苯丙氨醇(Ⅳ),收率79%;最后,化合物Ⅳ在以1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC.HCl)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为缩合剂的条件下与有机酸反应,合成了以苯丙二肽类化合物马蹄金素〔N-(N-苯甲酰基-L-苯丙氨酰基)-O-乙酰基-L-苯丙氨醇,MTS〕为先导化合物的衍生物共11个,其结构经NMR、ESI-MS进行了确认。     

~(15)N标记L-天冬酰胺的合成

以L-天冬氨酸作为手性源,采用先选择性酯化后再氨解的方法,制备得到15N标记L-天冬酰胺。对影响反应收率的多种因素如酯化催化剂种类、氨解温度、反应时间和氨用量等进行了考察。结果表明,在POCl3作为酯化催化剂,n(NH3)/n(L-天冬氨酸-β-甲酯)=7,反应时间60 h和反应温度为50°C条件下可获得良好的L-天冬酰胺收率。产物经旋光仪、HPLC、红外、质谱和元素分析等证实,合成过程未发生消旋化和同位素丰度稀释现象。     

L-苯丙氨酸甲酯消旋反应改进

对L-苯丙氨酸甲酯消旋方法进行改进。研究了L-苯丙氨酸甲酯在不同催化剂、催化剂用量、反应时间下的消旋制备DL-苯丙氨酸甲酯过程。结果表明:当以水杨醛为催化剂、强酸性D072离子交换树脂为助催化剂、n(水杨醛)∶n(L-苯丙氨酸甲酯)=0.1回流反应时,消旋效果最好。     

手性相转移催化剂的合成和不对称诱导效应——以L-酪氨酸为原料合成的手性单季铵盐和双季铵盐

以L-(-)-酪氨酸为原料,经氨基保护、醚化、酯化等步骤制得L-(-)-对甲氧基苯丙氨酸(1),化合物1经NaBH4还原得到L-(-)-对甲氧基苯丙氨醇(2)。以化合物1和2为原料,经过季铵化合成了4种手性单季铵盐和2种手性双季铵盐。6种手性季铵盐作为相转移催化剂,在α-羟基苯乙酸的合成中显示出良好的催化作用和一定的不对称诱导效应。     

几种氨基酸的合成研究

1不对称相转移催化合成L-苯丙氨酸 化学合成法制备L-苯丙氨酸主要有苯甲醛与乙甘氨酸缩合法与氰氨法,这两种方法工艺路线长、收率低。工业上L-苯丙氨酸主要从天然产物中提取。利用不对称合成反应由化学法合成L-苯丙氨酸一直是化学工作者关注的课题。南京理工大学化工学院的周凤儿和魏运洋以（＋）-N-苄基氯化辛可宁作为手性相转移催化剂,以甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和溴化苄为基本原料,合成了L-苯丙氮酸。     

手性氨基醇的绿色催化工艺研究

以L-丙氨酸为原料,利用5%钌-铑/氧化铝双金属催化加氢还原得到L-丙氨醇,其催化加氢工艺优化得到当磷酸与丙氨酸的摩尔比为1.1、反应温度110℃、反应时间7h、反应压力4MPa时,L-丙氨酸的转化率为96%,得到L-丙氨醇的光学收率为99%.该方法也适用于L-苯丙氨酸、L-缬氨酸等氨基酸的催化加氢,光学收率均为97%以上.     

手性胺醇钯配合物的合成

手性胺醇是一类良好的配体,能和多种过渡金属形成配合物。以手性苯丙氨酸甲酯为原料,还原制备了4个手性胺醇PhCH2CH（NH2）CR2OH（R=H,Ph）,在乙醇溶液中与氯化钯反应制备了手性胺醇钯配合物,用紫外、红外、^1H—NMR和质谱等对它们进行了结构鉴定。     

3-氨基呋咱-4-羧酸的合成

以氰基乙酸甲酯为原料,经过取代、环化成盐、水解制备3-氨基呋咱-4-羧酸。利用红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、元素分析及质谱确证了产物结构,并考察了物料比、反应温度、反应时间和溶剂用量对环化成盐反应的影响及反应溶剂、pH、温度对酸化反应的影响,发现增加氢氧化钾用量、提高反应温度、降低体系pH有利于目标物收率提高。得到的最佳环化成盐反应条件为∶n(盐酸羟胺)∶n(氢氧化钾)∶n(2-氰基-2-肟基乙酸甲酯)=1∶2∶1,缩合温度25℃,缩合时间2h,环化温度80℃,环化时间2h,溶剂水50 mL;最佳酸化反应条件为:溶剂水30 mL,pH≤1,反应温度5℃,环化成盐反应和酸化反应的总收率为79.73%,高于文献报道的64%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.