Effect of Tempering Temperature on Strength and Toughness of Novel Carbide-Free Bainite/Martensite Duplex Phase Steel

Ｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｓｏｍｅｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｌｏｗａｌｌｏｙｓｔｅｅｌｓａｎｄｕｌｔｒａｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｌｏｗａｌｌｏｙｓｔｅｅｌｓｉｎｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｕｓｅｉｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙｔｅｍｐｅｒｅｄｍａｒｔｅｎｓｉｔｅ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ｓｌａｃｋ ｑｕｅｎｃｈｅｄｍｉｘｅｄｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｉｎｇｍａｒｔｅｎｓｉｔｅａｎｄｂａｉｎｉｔｅｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｅｎ ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｅｄｉｎｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｅｌｏ…     

Effect of Rare Earths on Tempered Martensite Embritlement of Steel

ＥｆｅｃｔｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈｓｏｎＴｅｍｐｅｒｅｄＭａｒｔｅｎｓｉｔｅＥｍｂｒｉｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｔｅｌＧａｏＧｕｏｚｈｏｎｇ（高国忠），ＨｅＷｅｉｙｏｎｇ（贺维勇），ＧａｏＪｕ（高炬），ＣｈｅｎＪｉｚｈｉ（陈继志）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭ...     

Effect of the Rare Earths on the High Temperature Properties of Deformed Leaded-Brasses

The effect of the rare earths on the high temperature properties of deformed leaded-brasses has been stu-died with the high temperature tensile test.The results show that the rare earth additives can increase elongationof alloys at high temperature,but they had little effect on the maximum flow stress.With the help of SEM.X-ray diffraction instrument,quantitative metallography analysis instrument,etc.,the effect of the rare earthelements on the mierostrueture of alloys has also been examined.     

The Effect of “Wave Breakers” on the Magnetohydrodynamic Instability in Aluminum Reduction Cells

We report the results of the experiments on the suppression of the MHD instability in a model of the aluminum reduction cells (Pedchenko et al. in EPL 88:24001, 2009). The idea behind the study is to introduce obstacles in the liquid metal to suppress the propagation of the rolling-pad instability wave. As a result, in some configurations with obstacles, we detect lowering of the wave amplitude, reduction of its propagation speed, and rise of the main parameters’ thresholds, responsible for the instability onset.     

The Influence of Sintering Temperature and Content of High-Carbon Ferrochrome on the Structure and Properties of Iron–FKh800 Powder Composites

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - The influence of sintering temperature and content of high-carbon ferrochrome on the phase composition, structure, and mechanical properties of chromium...     

Effect of the Intercritical Annealing Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of 10 Pct Mn Multi-phase Steel

Intercritically annealed 10 pct Mn steel has been shown to exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility due to the plasticity-enhancing mechanisms of mechanical twinning and strain-induced martensite transformation occurring in sequence. This mechanical behavior is only achieved for a multi-phase microstructure obtained after annealing within a specific intercritical temperature range. A model for the selection of the optimal intercritical annealing temperature was developed to achieve a high strength-ductility balance for 10 pct Mn multi-phase steel. The model considers the room temperature stacking fault energy and the thermodynamic stability of the retained austenite.     

Effect of Temperature and Phase Constitution on Kinetics of La Diffusion

The diffusion of La inε－Fe2-3N(ε)andν′-Fe4N(ν′)phases produced by plasma nitriding was studied.It is found that with increasing nitriding time,theεphase continuously decomposes into ν′one under employed experimental condition and compared with ν′phase orε ν′ones,the mono oneεhas an impedient effect on depth of La diffusion,The growth of La layer in dual phases and mono one follows an approximate exponential law and a parabolic one ,respectively,and this kinetics law does not change with increasing temperature,The effect of increasing temperature in the range of 520to560℃on La diffusion depth is less than that of phase constitution change such as the decompostition ofεphase intoν′one.     

The Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline BiFeO3 Prepared by Sol–Gel Method

In this work, BiFeO₃ powders were synthesized by a sol–gel method. The influence of annealing temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of the samples has been discussed. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the purest phase was formed in the temperature range of 400 °C to 550 °C and the samples annealed at a temperature below 550 °C were of nanocrystalline character. Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements were used as complementary methods to investigate the magnetic state of the samples. In particular, the appearance of weak ferromagnetic properties, significant growth of magnetization, and spin-glass-like behavior were observed along with the drop of average grain size. Mössbauer spectra were fitted by the model assuming cycloidal modulation of spins arrangement and properties of the spin cycloid were determined and analyzed. Most importantly, it was proved that the spin cycloid does not disappear even in the case of the samples with a particle size well below the cycloid modulation period λ = 62 nm. Furthermore, the cycloid becomes more anharmonic as the grain size decreases. The possible origination of weak ferromagnetism of the nanocrystalline samples has also been discussed.

     

Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Stable and Metastable Aluminide Phases in Al‒Zr‒Nb Alloys

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - The conditions of the formation of stable and metastable aluminides Aln(Zr1 – xNbx) formed during the crystallization of superheated...     

Effect of CaO on Fluorine in the Decomposition of REFCO3

Influence of CaO on thermal decomposition of REFCO3 was studied. The results showed that CaO did not affect significantly the decomposition ratio of REFCO3. The XRD experiment showed that there was a great deal of CaF2 in the masting production, the gas chromatographic analysis on the gas of REFCO3 decomposed, and the 70% content of fluorine in the gas of REFCO3 added 15% CaO was reduced. CaO could absorb the fluorine from the decomposition of REFCO3, and the environmental pollution of the fluorine was greatly alleviated,     

The Radial Temperature Gradient in the Gleeble<Superscript>®</Superscript> Hot-Torsion Test and Its Effect on the Interpretation of Plastic-Flow Behavior

The radial temperature gradient developed via direct-resistance heating of round-bar hot-torsion specimens in a Gleeble^® machine and its effect on the interpretation of plastic-flow behavior were established using a suite of experimental, analytical, and numerical-simulation tools. Observations of the microstructure variation developed within a γ′-strengthened nickel-base superalloy were used to infer the temperature gradient as well as differences between the temperature at the outer diameter and that indicated by thermocouples welded to the surface. At temperatures of the order of 1375 K (1102 °C), the radial variation of temperature was typically ~20 K (~20 °C). Such variations were in agreement with an analytical heat-conduction model based on the balance of input thermal energy and radiation heat loss at the free surface. Using a constitutive model for LSHR, the effect of the radial temperature gradient on plastic flow during hot torsion was assessed via numerical integration of the torque as a function of radial position for such cases as well as that corresponding to a uniformly-heated sample. These calculations revealed that the torque generated in the non-uniform case is almost identical to that developed in a sample uniformly preheated to a temperature corresponding to that experienced at a fractional radial location of 0.8 in the former case.     

Analysis of the Thermodynamics of the Al-C-O System in the Temperature Range 1000 to 1800°K

Abstract

A thermodynamic analysis of the Al-C-O system was made in the temperature range 1000° to 1800°K. On the basis of stability criteria and stoichiometric restrictions, the equilibrium conditions for the reduction of alumina by graphite were established throughout the range considered. Available experimental information and calculated data indicate that alumina and graphite first react to produce aluminum carbide, which in turn reduces the oxide. These reactions are favored by high temperatures and rather small P_Al and P_CO values in a feasible reduction system.

Accepted information on this system was correlated with recently published thermochemical data on aluminum oxycarbides. The stable oxycarbide equilibria established in this study disagree with those reactions claimed stable elsewhere, and for this reason it is believed that reactions favored by the kinetics of the system rather than stable equilibria were reported in the literature.

Thermochemical properties of the aluminum subhalide reaction were considered. in the light of the direct reduction process requirements determined. The possibility of the monohalide formation for the removal of the reduced aluminum was thus examined. It is suggested that this process be effected during the reduction stage, a method not presently employed by alumina-reduction technology.     

Effect of Shock Sintering Temperature and Carbon Content of the WC–Co Hardmetal Anode on the Mass Transfer in Electrospark Deposition

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - The paper examines how the shock sintering temperature and carbon content of the VK25 hardmetal and the process time and discharge energy in the electrospark...     

Effect of Submerged Arc Softening Welding Flux Component on Temperature

Based on simplex algorithm of optimal design, the multicomponent mixture regression model was used to investigate physical properties of submerged arc welding flux. The effect of complex interaction of seven components in agglomerated flux on softening temperature was analyzed. The results indicate that the interaction of MgO-TiO2-CaCOa-AI20a increases the softening temperature of flux, but the additions of CaF2 and ZrO2 can decrease the softening temperature.     

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on the Induction Frequency of the Somatic Cell Embryo in The Fruit of Chinese Wolfoerry

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＥｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｔｈｅＩｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｍａｔｉｃＣｅｌｌＥｍｂｒｙｏｉｎＴｈｅＦｒｕｉｔｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＷｏｌｆｏｅｒｒｙＹａｎｇＨａｎ－Ｍｉｎ（杨汉民）；ＤｕＬｉｎ（杜琳）（...     

Effect of Submerged Arc Welding Flux Component on Softening Temperature

The study on physical property of flux is veryi mportant,and is correlated to developing advancedsubmerged arc welding(SAW)flux and i mprovingwelding properties.Though some works about fluxproperties,such as viscosity and capillarity,havebeen reported[1,2],the study on softening tempera-ture,one of the flux high temperature propertiesconcerning the melting range,has not been reportedyet.Softening temperature(Ts)has an i mportanteffect on the shape and appearance of the weld andslag detachabil…     

Effect of Temperature on Coal Flotation Performance—A Review

Though substantial coal-washing activities are carried out in a tropical climate, in the 70-yr history of coal flotation, the effect of diurnal and seasonal variations in temperature as an operational variable has received only limited attention. This review examines the current knowledge on the effect of temperature on coal flotation performance and finds that coals with strong natural hydrophobicity do not seem to be affected by a variation in pulp temperature. Difficult-to-float coals, however, appear to float well within a temperature range of 20–35°C with considerable improvement in all flotation indices, concentrate yield and ash, recovery of combustibles, flotation rate, and tailing ash as compared to their values at higher or lower temperature.     

Effect of Direct Ageing Treatment on StressRupture Properties of GH761 Alloy

The effect of direct ageing treatment on microstructure and stressrupture properties of GH761 alloy was studied. Phosphorus was added to the tested alloy for its beneficial effect on stressrupture life. It was found that the grain size of the tested alloy became much finer after direct ageing treatment, in comparison with the commercial GH761 alloy under standard heat treatment condition. The optimum direct ageing treatment has been determined as follows: 830 ℃×4 h, air cooling+720 ℃×24 h, air cooling. After such treatment, the higher stressrupture properties of the test alloy at 650 ℃, 690 MPa were obtained. The role of phosphorus is still effective under the condition of direct ageing treatment.     

Influence of RE on Ageing Precipitate Characteristics and Softening Resistance of Copper Alloys Contact Wire

The effect of RE （such as Ce, Y and mixed Ce ＋ Y, etc） on ageing precipitate, characteristics and softening resistance of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys contact wire used in electrical railway were investigated in this paper. The results show that the tested Cu-Cr-Zr alloy with trace RE addition could attain higher microhardness and lower electrical conductivity to some extent after being soluted at 950 ℃ for 1 h and aged at 480 ℃. The precipitation process of secondary phase could be accelerated by cold working before ageing treatment which resulted in ageing hardening. Aged at 480 ℃ after 60% cold working, the values of electrical conductivity and microhardness improved significantly compared with that without deformation. The mixed RE （Ce ＋ Y） improved the softening resistance substantially in these trace RE additions, which could increase the soften temperature by 45 ℃.