稠油石化污水有机污染物分布特征研究

采用Gc-MS分析方法,研究了稠油石化污水中有机物分布特征,分析结果表明,稠油石化污水中有机物以烷烃、酚类和有机酸为主并含有一定量的PAHs,污水中有机物分子量140以下的以酚类为主,分子量在140以上的有机物多为烷烃和PAHs,其中烷烃类主要为分子量在200～350的饱和烷烃为主,PAHs以含不同数量甲基取代基的萘为主.     

国内外染料工业发展新动向

本文阐述了国内外染料工业发展的新动向,指出了国外染料市场趋势和发展新特点:染料企业重组已趋平稳和进一步确立我国作为世界染料生产和供应中心的地位,在国际上设置"技术壁垒"和"贸易壁垒"的力度进一步加强,新染料的开发放到比较重要的地位,不断适应纺织工业新的着色要求;还指出了我国染料工业的发展新特点:市场活跃新品不断,出口增长,连创新高,新兴基地,发展壮大。注重染料质的提高,采用新技术和清洁工艺生产是我国染料工业发展的重中之重。有7篇参考文献。     

Use or disposal of by-products and spent material from the vegetable oil processing industry in the U.S.

During processing of vegetable oils, certain by-products and waste materials are generated. Where and how the by-products are recovered and used and how the solid wastes are handled and disposed of are considered. Several suggestions for the future are explored.     

Beurteilung der Reinigbarkeit von Oberflächen bei partikulärer Kontamination

Hygienic impeccable surfaces are, e.g., in food technology and healthcare facilities conditionally essential. Does a presence of fine particular contamination occur, adhesion forces between particles and surfaces are relevant. In this paper the cleaning‐process of materials, which are often used in cleanrooms are focused. The surface properties, which influence the dislodgement of particles are observed. There are two groups of materials used for the experiments, which are commonly used in hygienic relevant places in healthcare facilities.     

Heating value of biomass and biomass pyrolysis products

Studies conducted on the heating value of various types of biomass components and their pyrolysis products such as char, liquids and gases are presented. Heating values of chars are comparable with those of lignite and coke; heating values of liquids are comparable with those of oxygenated fuels such as methanol and ethanol, which are much lower than those of petroleum fuels. Heating values of gases are comparable with those of producer gas or coal gas and are much lower than that of natural gas. It is also found that the heating values of products are functions of the initial composition of biomass; correlations are developed to express these. Also, correlations are developed which explain the influence of ash elements on heating values of the pyrolysis products and on percentage distribution of energy in the products.     

Solvent Extraction,Membranes, and Ion Exchange in Hydrometallurgical Dilute Metals Separation

Abstract

The separation methods which are used in the hydro-metallurgical field are reviewed and compared. Some processes in solvent extraction in use for recovery of crucial metals which are important to the U.S. defense and economy are presented. Various commercial extractants are reviewed and categorized. Other methods such as liquid membranes and ion exchange resins used for dilute metal ions separation are summarized. These methods are compared with solvent extraction. Problems to overcome in the further development of these separation methods are also identified and discussed in this paper.     

Selection of glass-reinforced plastics materials for large marine structures

Some of the material investigations which are necessary before a glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) can be selected for use in large marine structures are described. The requirements of large-scale manufacture are as important as mechanical performance when the basic constituents of the laminate, the polyester resin and the glass reinforcements, are being selected. Various production problems which can arise, and the need for detailed quality control, are discussed. Other areas of investigation which are appropriate are the performance of joints and fasteners, and the influence of the glass reinforcement on the impact resistance of the laminate.     

Dynamics of large-scale fluctuations in native proteins. Analysis based on harmonic inter-residue potentials and random external noise

The fluctuations of residues of proteins about their equilibrium configurations are analyzed by the Langevin equation. Residue pairs that are covalently bonded and those that are within a given cutoff distance of each other are assumed to be connected by linear springs. The actions of the solvent and intramolecular interactions on each residue are treated as random noise. The correlations of fluctuations resulting from the solution of the Langevin equation are observed to be identical to those obtained by the Gaussian Network Model based on equilibrium statistical mechanics. The time-delayed correlations of fluctuations, and the response of the protein to a given frequency and to a window of frequencies are determined. The fluctuations of the residues resulting from a given fixed externally applied frequency are evaluated for different modes of the system. Synchronous and asynchronous components of correlations for different modes are formulated. The findings of the present paper are applied to the 241 residue protein S. marcescens endonuclease (1QL0).     

Donors for Organic Metals: Molecular Aspects

Physicochemical issues are discussed which are relevant to chemists interested in the synthesis of unknown compounds to serve as precursors to organic metals. Molecular topics are emphasized, physical and structural concepts which motivate synthetic activity in chalogen chemistry are presented, and new results in selenium and tellurium systems are summarized. Two model representations for donor molecular structures based on polyenes and polyacenes are presented and known examples are discussed. Quantitative correlations between gas phase vertical ionization potential and solution electrochemical redox potential are examined using donors of interest for organic metals as data. Limitations of such correlations and consequences of these shortcomings are given. Finally, possible future directions for several of these topics are posed.     

Aerosol testing techniques for size-selective samplers

Methods are presented for the use of liquid particles to measure sampling efficiencies and wall losses in size-selective samplers and for the use of solid particles to assess bounce and reentrainment. By testing a dichotomous sampler, it is demonstrated that the liquid particle methods are accurate; solid particle methods are less accurate and are still under development. Two methods are presented; in the first, particles are produced by spray-drying droplets from the vibrating orifice generator. Aerodynamic diameters are determined directly with a new Laser Settling Velocimeter or, indirectly, based on optical microscopy and the properties of the vibrating orifice generator. Alternatively, solid particles, such as pre-sized glass beads, are produced from bulk materials by a novel Sonic Fluidized Bed. The solid particle techniques are illustrated by testing the Size-Selective Inlet.     

Metal–Oxide Interactions on Copper-Segregated and Copper-Deposited TiO2 Rutile (001) Surfaces

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy are used to study local electronic variations across a surface containing one monolayer of copper on TiO₂ rutile (001). The interactions that occur at the metal–oxide interface when the sources of the copper are segregation from the bulk and ultra-high-vacuum deposition are compared by characterizing the associated surface morphologies and electronic properties. The morphologies of these surfaces are similar in that the copper forms clusters; they are dissimilar in that copper features exist on two size scales on the segregated surface, whereas the deposited copper clusters are uniform in size and are aggregated. The electronic properties of the two surfaces also are found to differ: the copper-segregated surface is insulating, whereas the copper-deposited surface is conductive. The electronic properties are discussed in terms of the effects of surface-charge and ionic-charge concentration gradients.     

丁二烯萃取装置聚合物产生原因分析及对策

丁二烯抽提装置因其萃取溶剂二甲基甲酰胺及丁二烯本身的特性 ,在运行过程中易产生各类聚合物 ,堵塞设备、管线、阀门等 ,制约装置的运行负荷和周期。从理论上分析了装置中各类聚合物的特性及危害 ,总结聚合物产生的原因 ,结合生产实际 ,提出了相应的对策     

杜邦工艺液相导生喷淋系统技改的探讨

在保证生产稳定的前提下 ,对主工艺液相导生喷淋系统进行改造 ,并逐步取消了液相导生喷淋 ,从而提高气相导生的效率 ,减轻热媒炉负荷 ,改善热媒使用状况 ,降低重油单耗     

Safety and Health in Industry,with Special Reference to Toxicity

The terms ‘toxicity hazard’, ‘acute toxic effect’ and ‘chronic toxic effect’ are defined. Toxic substances are classified into five groups, which are discussed. The mode of entry of toxic substances into the body is described. The threshold limit and ceiling values are the concentrations of toxic substances in the atmosphere which decide the extent of the hazard that may be present. These factors are discussed. Methods of detection are then described briefly, as are the steps that may be taken if a toxic substance must be used. Finally, the legislation governing the use of toxic substances is outlined.     

偶氮类有机光导体的发展趋势

综述了偶氮类有机光导体的发展历程、结构及性能,讨论了其性能的主要因素,归纳了偶氮类有机光导材料的主要类型,举例说明了合成过程,对偶氮光导体的发展前景作出了展望。有37篇参考文献。     

橡胶防护蜡生产现状和发展趋势

叙述了橡胶防护蜡的应用情况对目前橡胶防护蜡下游市场进行了分析,介绍了国内外橡胶防护蜡生产企业现状和产品标准的发展,对市场发展趋势进行研判并提出建议。     

关于立方型状态方程的若干评述和讨论

对在状态方程,尤其是立方型状态方程,研究与开发过程中的几个重要问题,从若干层面进行了评述和讨论。评价了统计力学在开发状态方程中的作用,并指出了其局限性。通过综述温度函数的发展状况,给出了温度函数仍然是纯经验性等看法。对混合规则的发展状况以及各种不同类型的混合规则进行了评述和比较。     

On-line measurement of surface tension and density with applications to emulsion polymerization

Three process sensors are discussed, one for the determination of surface tension and two for the determination of liquid density. All three methods are on-line, compatible with digital data acquisition systems, and capable of monitoring flowing process streams. The instruments are described and calibration data are given. Two mathematical models of the bubble tensiometer are developed. Data showing the application of these instruments to the monitoring of batch and continuous emulsion polymerization are given.     

分光光度法测定天然多酚类化合物含量的研究进展

介绍了近年来分光光度法在测定天然多酚类化合物方面的研究进展。综述了测定天然多酚类化合物方法的应用范围,对测定方法按化学反应进行分类,如络合反应、氧化还原反应、亲核加成反应和重氮化-偶合反应等,并探讨了测定方法的反应原理及测定方法中存在的问题,对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

减轻环境压力利用粉煤灰生产肥料

介绍粉煤灰的基本性质,总结目前各种粉煤灰肥料的特点和生产方法,对生产、作用机理进行分析,简单论述粉煤灰肥料的应用方法,并提出应注意的问题.