基于相似性传播的天波雷达多路径量测聚类

电离层多层结构特性使得天波雷达(OTHR)与目标之间存在多条信号传播路径,进而可能对单目标产生多路径量测。该文考虑了天波雷达多路径量测聚类问题,其需要同时对多路径量测进行电离层传播路径辨识和聚类。由于天波雷达量测模型假设1个目标通过1种电离层传播路径至多产生1个量测,因此需要考虑多路径聚类约束。该文将相似性传播聚类扩展到多路径约束模型,并提出一种新的多路径相似性传播聚类算法。该算法通过构建多路径量测聚类的概率图模型,将聚类问题转化为概率图模型隐变量的推断问题,采用最大和置信传播算法近似求解聚类变量的最大后验概率。算法优点包括可以自动识别聚类团数目,单次消息传播的时间复杂度为量测个数和传播路径个数乘积的平方。仿真实验分析表明,所提算法较多路径多假设聚类算法具有更好的聚类性能。     

室内走廊环境毫米波OAM信道特性分析与统计建模

针对自由空间传播模型仅能描述自由空间场景下携带轨道角动量(OAM)的涡旋信道传播特性,以及确定性稀疏多径涡旋信道模型严格依赖于传播环境而不能准确刻画真实多径场景下OAM信道传播特性的问题,该文提出毫米波OAM多径信道统计建模方法。在室内走廊环境下构建基于均匀圆形天线阵列(UCA)的OAM辐射传输系统,基于光学射线理论与UCA辐射特性,建立OAM多径信道模型。结果表明,在毫米波频段均匀分布和Nakagami-m分布能够准确地表征室内走廊多径环境下的OAM信道波前相位和幅度,视距(LoS)和非视距(NLoS)传播条件下传播距离较大时信道幅度服从瑞利分布,视距传播条件下传播距离较小时信道幅度服从莱斯分布。     

随机波束研究超宽带室内多径信道特性

从随机桥过程出发引入随机波束概念,使用随机波束研究超宽带（UWB）室内多径信道的传播特性.将UWB信号多径传播轨迹视作随机过程的样本,得到建模多径信道传播特性的随机波束.使用随机波束构建UWB信道的多径传播模型,并给出使用随机波束方法分析UWB室内多径信道特性的算法.使用该信道模型对实际传播环境进行仿真分析,并与其它建模UWB多径信道的方法进行了比较.仿真得到的UWB信道的功率延迟分布特性与实验测量的结果非常一致,证明此方法的有效性.     

基于电离层色散的短波信道多径特性分析

短波链路不同传播模式的多径时延通常为0.5～2.0 ms,该文研究同一传播模式的多径时延,在考虑地磁场影响的情况下,将电离层短波传播的折射指数和射线追踪结合起来,给出了数值迭代算法,实现了用数值方法来描述电离层色散引起的多径时延,并进行了数值仿真,得出短波宽带通信的模拟带宽应为48 kHz。

     

时变衰落信道下同态滤波技术的研究

针对短波信道多径传播的特点,采用卷积型滤波技术和复时谱分析方法,抗多径传播引起的信号衰落．研究结果表明,该方法能够更好的滤除干扰,改变传输信道质量．     

A statistical model of urban multipath propagation

An urban multipath propagation experiment, involving the simultaneous transmission from a fixed site of 100-ns pulses at 488, 1280, and 2920 MHz and their reception at a mobile van, is described. A statistical analysis of the data in the resulting multipath responses is given and used as a basis for a statistical model of urban multipath propagation.     

低空多径环境下雷达目标检测性能研究

针对低空多径环境下不同体制雷达目标检测性能展开研究,通过优化配置雷达阵元达到多径环境下的最优检测性能。建立低空多径环境下雷达接收信号模型,引入多径功率传播因子,将经典的Swerling目标起伏模型推广应用于低空多径环境,采用特征函数法推导低空多径环境下不同体制雷达的检测概率。仿真研究了多径功率传播因子对检测性能的影响,比较不同体制雷达的检测性能,结果表明多输入单输出雷达兼具相控阵雷达和多输入多输出雷达的优点,在多径环境下具有稳定的检测性能。     

A channel model for multipath interference on terrestrialline-of-sight digital radio

A comprehensive system model for characterizing the effects of multipath propagation on digital radio systems in the 4-6-GHz band is shown in this paper. The effects of terrain-induced multipath propagation in the presence of atmospheric anomalies are studied using data from experimental microwave links in the field and in the laboratory. This technique, which treats multipath propagation as digital signal distortions caused by interference from ground reflections, has not been shown previously. A forward multipath propagation model is used to identify the critical propagation parameters for a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal. A normalized two-ray channel model is developed to approximate the frequency response produced by interference from a ground reflection in a narrow band. The effectiveness of this channel model is evaluated using measured data from the test radio link in the laboratory and in the field     

A comparison of multipath distortion characteristics among digital modulation techniques

In a digital mobile radio transmission, long-delayed multi-path propagation causes frequency selective fading, resulting in signal waveform distortion and hence bit error rate (BER) degradation. Comparison of multipath distortion among various digital modulation techniques (binary, quaternary, offset quaternary, and minimum phase shift keying (BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK and MSK)) is made using a two-ray propagation model, which is a fundamental model to evaluate multipath tolerant capability. The analysis clarified the multipath conditions causing severe distortions and also the mechanisms of eye pattern degradation, showing the superiority of BPSK in multipath tolerance.     

Antenna Diversity Performance in Mitigating the Effects of Portable Radiotelephone Orientation and Multipath Propagation

Antenna diversity can mitigate signal impairments caused by random angular orientation and multipath radio propagation when using portable radiotelephones. Cumulative distributions of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) were determined for antenna diversity using realistic orientation and multipath propagation models. In a random orientation and multipath propagation environment with -6 dB average crosspolarization coupling, two-branch selection diversity with two perpendicular antennas yields anS/Ndistribution with the same slope as two-branch selection diversity in the fixed-oriented mobile radio environment. The distribution for random orientation is about 4.5 dB worse, however, than the mobile radio distribution.     

Evaluation and verification of the VHF/UHF propagation channelbased on a 3-D-wave propagation model

This paper is intended to increase and improve the knowledge concerning the characterization of digital VHF/UHF communication channels. This characterization of the propagation channel is based on the field strength-delay-spectrum (FDS) of the three-dimensional (3-D) multipath wave propagation. A statistical superposition of the predicted multipath signals yields the probability density function of the narrowband signal and the averaged channel impulse response of the wideband propagation channel. Thereof, the relevant parameters, e.g., standard deviations, mean values, delay spread, and correlation coefficients, are derived both in time and frequency domain. The angles-of-arrival of the multipath signals are used to calculate the Doppler spectra of moving receivers for the characterization the time-variant properties of the propagation channel. In total, a rather complete summary of derivations, algorithms and characteristics of the VHF/UHF propagation channel is presented. Narrowband and wideband measurements are included for verification     

Effect of multipath propagation on the forward link of a CDMA cellular system

In this paper we study the effect of multipath propagation on the performance of the forward link of a CDMA cellular system. We assume that RAKE receivers are used by the mobile terminals to receive the multipath signals and derive signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for the RAKE receiver output for both orthogonal and non-orthogonal spreading sequences. These SNR expressions are evaluated using real impulse response measurement data obtained in the city of Toronto and comparisons are made between urban and suburban environments. We have found that even though multipath propagation tends to destroy the orthogonality of signals in an orthogonal CDMA system, the system with orthogonal CDMA codes still performs significantly better than a system utilizing random spreading codes in realistic multipath propagation environments.This work was supported in part by Bell Mobility Cellular and in part by the Information Technology Research Center of Ontario (ITRC).     

基于TDOA 的室内定位系统中多径抑制方法

多径传播能显著降低基于到达时间差(TDOA)的定位精度。文中介绍了一种使用波束指向圆极化天线(BSCPA)抑制室内多径传播的方法。BSCPA 由一个波束开关网络、四个相同的六边形贴片单元及其馈电网络组成。通过控制波束开关网络中的射频(RF)开关的状态,可以分别激励四个指向圆极化波束以实现方位角全向覆盖。根据BSCPA 的指向波束和圆极化,可以减轻由室内多径造成的定位误差。在面积为10. 8 m×6. 6 m、视距(LOS)、复杂多径的室内环境中,当测试信号为20MHz 带宽的WLAN 时,得到的2D 定位平均误差为0. 71 m。与传统的全向线性极化天线(OLPA)相比,BSCPA 可以将定位精度提高52. 5%。该改进表明,所提出的方法可以显著抑制基于TDOA 的室内定位的多径传播。     

微蜂窝多径色散信道电波损耗预测的建模与仿真

本文在深入分析微蜂窝移动无线信道特性及其传播机理的基础上，研究和提出了微蜂窝多径色散信道电波传播损耗的一般性 预测模型，其特点是用附加路径衰减因子来表征三维多径色散信道特性对电波传播的影响，以及用传播信道第一菲涅耳区的最上拐点距离作为统一反映天线高度和频率影响的特征参量；最后根据该预测模型对不同情况下的电波损耗特性进行了仿真分析。     

微蜂窝多径散射环境中的电波传播特性分析

从多径色散信道的特征分析出发，采用菲涅耳区原理和射线方法建立起了城市微区多径散射环境中移动无线信道的等效物理模型，并在此基础上对移动无线电波的传播     

Measuring the coherence of wideband dispersive channels

Ionospheric propagation at HF suffers from dispersion in both time and frequency. Time dispersion arises from the presence of multipath propagation and limits the bandwidth of the ionospheric channel to a few kilohertz. Frequency dispersion causes phase nonlinearity, which leads to `elongation' of narrow pulses. If multipath propagation can be resolved the coherent bandwidth of the channel will be determined by frequency dispersion. The purpose of the work reported here was to determine the effect of weighting windows, used to reduce the effects of spectral leakage, on the estimation of the coherent bandwidth of wideband HF radio links. A wideband FMCW sounder was used to collect data over a 234 km link in the United Kingdom. Analysis of half-megahertz sections of a 5 MHz sweep via the FFT algorithm permitted multipath propagation to be resolved. To estimate pulse distortion due to frequency dispersion the 6 dB width of the received pulse was estimated     

相对时延的码片内的多径分离

本文首先通过分析多径传播对单频信号和调制信号的影响,指出在扩频方式下,存在进一步分离码片内多径的可能性。然后基于导出的相关解扩输出的解析表达式,在忽略噪声的理想条件下,求解码片内多径的问题可以近似转化为对一线性方程组的求解。最后对接收滤波器输出为矩形脉冲序列和三解脉冲序列两种情况进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,码片内多径的幅值、相应能够被精确地分离出来,多径时延的估计误差为信号的采样间隔。     

Propagation Properties of Radio Wave in Multipath Scattering Mobile Channel

1IntroductionAgoodunderstandingofthepropagationPropellesoftheurbanndcrocellularradiotransmissionchannelisveryimpo~tforthedesignofmobileradioandcordlesstelephonesystems.ThechannelbehaviorinurbanndcrocellsisdetenninedbyPropagationofrwhowavesinthetransmissionenvirolllnent.Typicalwavephenomenalikescattering,difhachon,andabsorphonbyPhysicalstIUctUresintheenvironmentSleadtoadiffusionofa~saltteddigitalsignalwaveintoacontinuousdistribuhonofpnalwaves.Obviously,theseeffeCtSdependonthegeometricalande…     

水声多径信道中的标识延迟空时扩展发射分集

水声信道存在严重的传播时延和多径时延,该文提出了一种带有信道标识的延迟空时扩展(LDSTS)发射分集方案,通过信道探测、延时发射和Rake接收来消除传播时延和多径时延的影响,且顺序延时发射保证了方案的实用性。文中给出了采用频移键控和相移键控调制的LDSTS方案的信号模型、误码率分析和比特误码率的仿真。仿真表明,在多径水声信道中,LDSTS可以更好地实现完全发射分集。     

无线多径特性及其对陆地移动通信系统规划设计的影响

本文对无线多径传播特及其对陆地移动通信系统规划设计的影响、抗多径衰落措施等进行了论述.