基于固有应变的加筋板焊接变形分析

船体分段在焊接过程中产生的变形会给后续的焊接和装配带来很大困难,甚至使结构强度降低,精确预测和控制焊接变形是个难题.采用的固有应变等效载荷法是结合固有应变理论和实验结果,先计算焊接区域的固有应变,再将其转化为等效载荷,进而应用弹性有限元分析求得焊接变形.通过对简化的杆一弹簧模型的分析,可知固有应变受焊接区域的约束强度及焊接热输入的影响.该方法是计算大型复杂结构焊接变形的工程实用方法,可用于研究焊接变形的CAD系统及造船厂的仿真.     

钢结构焊接残余应力及焊接变形控制技术

为了探究控制钢结构焊接过程变形策略,通过钢板对接方法研究了焊接残余应力及焊接变形.以两块同料、同尺寸钢板对接解析焊接工艺过程,设定常态焊接工艺参数,在焊接钢板上进行焊接横向及纵向残余应力计算,并在焊接过程构建温度场,建立有限元模型,绘制其温度曲线图,探究残余应力变化趋势及分布情况.结果表明,对接焊接钢结构焊缝附近部分残余应力较大,结构残余应力在初始加热时期会呈现较快下降趋势,后逐渐趋于平缓,钢板对接焊接变形主要原因是纵向残余应力过大,可通过平行加热处理降低纵向残余应力的影响.     

基于高炉焊接制造的BB503钢板焊接工艺研究

根据高炉炉壳生产实际,分别使用气电立焊和埋弧自动横焊两种焊接工艺对50 mm厚的BB503型炉壳用钢板进行焊接,对焊缝进行外观检查、无损探伤,对焊接接头进行拉伸、侧弯、冲击、硬度等性能测试,并对焊接热影响区的显微组织进行了观察和分析。结果表明,BB503炉壳用钢的气电立焊和埋弧自动横焊焊接接头抗拉强度和冲击吸收功均大于母材,具有优良的综合力学性能;焊缝区及热影响区的显微维氏硬度分布和热影响区的组织均匀性均显著优于传统的CO2气体保护焊和手工电弧焊接头。气电立焊和埋弧自动横焊工艺可以替代CO2气体保护焊和手工电弧焊工艺用于高炉炉壳焊接制造。     

X5CrNi1810不锈钢焊接应力应变场的数值模拟

采用有限元软件SYSWELD对X5CrNi1810不锈钢平板TIG焊的应力应变场进行三维动态模拟,同时应用SYSWELD软件的校核工具对双椭球热源进行校核,得出了等效应力分布图和焊缝中心线上纵向残余应力分布曲线及不同时刻焊接变形云图．与文献资料比较表明,所建立的三维模型可以动态地模拟焊接过程,对实际生产有一定的指导意义以及最终改善X5CrNi1810不锈钢的焊接性提供参考依据．     

Microstructure and properties of Al-Mg-(Sc, Zr) welded joint

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Mg-(Sc, Zr) welded joint prepared by manual labor melt inert gas(MIG) welding method using Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Sc weld wire as filling materials were studied comparatively. The results show that the apparent recrystallization does not happen in heat-affected zone. It proves that Al-Mg(Sc,Zr) alloy has a high capability of resistance to weldiing heat-soften. Using Al-Mg-Sc welding wire as filling material can obviously refine the grains of weld seam and improve its strength. The layer of small equal-axe grains in fusion area improves the joint strength between welded metal and base metal. The coefficients of welded joints when Al-Mg-Sc and Al-Mg weldiong wire are used as filling material are greater than 0.90, respectively. The yield strength of welded joints with Al-Mg welding wire is only 187 MPa, one is as 287 MPa with Al-Mg-Sc welding wire, thus the working strength of the welded unit is greatly improved. Foundation item: Project (2003AA305020) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China; project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢焊接温度场的数值仿真

基于有限元软件SYSWELD对不锈钢0Cr18Ni9平板TIG焊的温度场进行三维动态模拟,得出了瞬态温度场分布图和特征点的热循环曲线,同时也得出了焊缝上任一点的温度变化与相变的关系.与文献资料比较表明,所建立的数值模拟仿真模型可以较好的模拟焊接温度场,为研究焊接过程中的应力应变和减少焊接应力与变形提供了参考依据.     

Thermoelastic properties of sandwich materials with pin-reinforced foam cores

Pin-reinforced foam is a novel type of sandwich core materials formed by inserting pins (trusses) into a foam matrix to create a truss-like network reinforced foam core. Upon loading, the pins deform predominantly by local stretching whilst the deformation of foam is governed by local bending. This paper presents a theoretical study on the thermoelasticity of pin-reinforced foam sandwich cores. To calculate the effective thermoelastic properties of pin-reinforced foam cores, the energy-based homogenization approach is employed to develop a micromechanicsbased model, calibrated by the existing experimental data. It is found that the stiffness of the sandwich core is mainly governed by pin reinforcements: the foam matrix contributes little to sandwich stiffness. Compared with traditional foam cores without pin reinforcements, the changes in in-plane thermal expansion coefficients are not vigorous as a result of pin reinforcements, while the throughthickness thermal expansion coefficient changes significantly. It is also demonstrated that it is possible to design materials with zero or negative thermal expansion coefficients under such a context. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB601202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10572111, 10632060), the National 111 Project of China (Grant No. B06024), the National High Technology Research Development Program (Grant No. 2006AA03Z519), the NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research, the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis of Industrial Equipment (Grant No. GZ0701), and the NPU Foundation for Scientific Innovation     

结构钢焊接残余应力三维有限元分析

对结构钢板对接焊接及腹板与翼缘角焊缝连接的工字型截面梁进行三维有限元模拟,分析了焊接温度场、残余应力分布及残余变形。有限元计算结果与试验结果比较吻合,证实了计算模型的有效性。计算结果表明:焊接热影响区存在较大的三向残余应力,且纵向残余应力大于横向残余应力,对结构局部受力将产生较大影响,但由于焊接残余应力是自平衡的,故焊接残余应力的存在对钢材宏观受力影响不大。     

Improvement on straightness of metal bar based on straightening stroke-deflection model

The straightening technics is one of important means to improve the straightness of metal bar. A nove way of predicting the straightening stroke is proposed based on mathematical methods and bending experimental and numerical simulation. The experimental and numerical simulation is conducted by following the mathematical load-stroke model of press straightening process under the elastic-plastic theory. For the linear guide rails, as an example, the stroke-deflection model focusing on the straight-ening stro...     

焊接构造对T型接头超低周疲劳性能的影响

为了研究焊接细节对钢结构超低周疲劳性能的影响,以T型接头为对象,在通用有限元程序Abaqus平台上,开发基于Arlequin算法的结构多尺度计算程序. 利用多尺度算法,开展焊接接头的局部弹塑性有限元分析. 比较焊趾半径、厚钢板未熔透长度及焊趾表面凹凸对局部塑性应变履历的影响,利用Coffin-Manson模型对T型接头的超低周疲劳特性进行定性讨论. 数值计算结果表明,焊趾位置是焊接接头的超低周疲劳易损位置,厚钢板的未熔透长度对焊接部位局部塑性应变的影响不大;焊趾半径对焊趾局部塑性应变有较大的影响,增大焊趾半径可以有效提升钢结构在循环荷载下的超低周疲劳性能;焊趾表面的平整性是影响焊趾局部塑性应变履历的重要因素,尖锐的凹坑会明显降低焊接接头的超低周疲劳性能,磨平的焊趾表面可以减少局部塑性应变,提高接头的超低周疲劳强度.     

Internal state variable models for microstructure in high temperature deformation of titanium alloys

There exists an interaction between microstructural evolution and deformation behavior in high temperature deformation of titanium alloys. And the microstructure of titanium alloys is very sensitive to the process parameters of plastic deformation process. In this paper, on the basis of plastic deformation mechanism of metals and alloys, a microstructural model including dislocation density rate equation and grain growth rate equation is established with the dislocation density rate being an internal state variable. Applying the model to the high temperature deformation process of Ti60 titanium alloy, the average relative errors of grain sizes between the experiments and the predictions are 9.47% for sampled data, and 13.01% for non-sampled data. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50475144), the NPU Foundation for Research (Grant No. NPU-FFR-006), and the National Basic Research Program of China (“973”) (Grant No. G20000672)     

焊接对大型石油储罐象足屈曲的影响规律

为了研究大型石油储罐在地震载荷作用下发生象足屈曲时的临界载荷与理论计算值之间的差异成因,采用数值模拟方法分析大型石油储罐纵环焊缝、焊接次序等因素对象足屈曲临界载荷的影响. 提出焊接残余变形可以看作圆柱壳壁上的初始几何缺陷,在一定程度上会减小大型油罐的象足屈曲临界载荷.利用固有应变有限元法建立考虑焊接残余应力及变形的大型油罐象足屈曲准静态计算模型,分析焊缝有无、焊缝类型、焊接残余应力和变形、焊接次序对油罐象足屈曲的影响. 结果表明,焊缝的存在都在不同程度上降低了油罐的象足屈曲临界载荷;在相同的固有应变下,油罐象足屈曲临界载荷降低的程度与焊缝的类型有关;焊接残余应力和变形越大,象足屈曲临界载荷越低,焊接次序对油罐的象足屈曲临界载荷影响不大;焊接产生的残余应力及变形的存在使得油罐罐壁发生象足屈曲处的位置有了一定程度的提高．     

强电场中LY12CZ合金摩擦焊缝金属变形行为研究

通过测定摩擦焊接过程参数和焊接接头的焊合区及扭转塑变区的测量,推导了电场作用下LY12CZ合金摩擦焊接过程中,初始动态再结晶的热变形条件方程式和准稳定摩擦阶段焊合区金属的塑性流动方程.结果表明随着摩擦界面温度升高、相对旋转速率降低和外加电场强度的增加,产生初始动态再结晶的临界流变应力降低;随着外加电场强度的增大,LY12CZ合金摩擦焊缝金属的应变速率敏感性指数m增大,但在本实验条件下,当电场强度E>522 V/mm时的m值有所降低;LY12CZ合金摩擦焊缝金属发生塑性变形的变形表观激活能随外加电场强度的增大而降低.     

Thermal deformation behavior and microstructure of nuclear austenitic stainless steel

Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation tester was employed in the hot-compression investigation of as-cast nuclear 304 austenitic stainless steel under conditions: deformation temperature 950―1200℃; deformations 30% and 50%; deformation rates 0.01 and 0.1 s?1. The results show that the flow stress decreases with temperature rise under the same strain rate and deformation, that the flow stress increases with deformation under the same temperature and strain rate, and that the flow stress increases with strain rate...     

高强埋弧焊接圆钢管多层多道焊接数值模拟

为研究高强埋弧焊接圆钢管纵向残余应力分布规律及影响因素,考虑了高强钢材非线性物理材料属性和焊接过程中的相变潜热,以均匀热源模型模拟第一道次熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)热源,以双椭球热源模型模拟第二、三道次埋弧焊(SAW)热源,通过单元生死功能模拟焊缝生长过程,并在焊接荷载步间不断修正钢管与空气热传递的表面积,对3道次焊...     

焊接材料对7075铝合金焊接性及焊缝组织的影响

为了改善7075铝合金的焊接性并提高焊接接头的力学性能,采用ER4043和ER5356焊丝对7075铝合金进行了焊接.利用万能拉伸试验机和小型维氏硬度计对焊接接头的力学性能进行了检测,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察并分析了焊接接头的显微组织.结果表明,由ER5356焊丝焊接得到的焊接接头的力学性能高于采用ER4043焊丝的性能.与ER4043焊丝焊缝相比,ER5356焊丝焊缝的晶粒组织较为细小,析出相分布也更加均匀.ER5356焊丝中的Mg元素有利于提高焊接接头的强度,而ER4043焊丝中的Si元素有利于提高7075铝合金的焊接性.     

随焊锤击对LY12CZ焊接接头显微组织的影响

为克服冶金手段防止焊接热裂纹存在的不足,从力学角度出发,提出了随焊锤击的焊接新工艺,采用高热裂敏感性材料LY12CZ薄板作为研究对象,在自行研制的变拘束度试验夹具上进行焊接试验,并对不同工艺条件下焊接接头的显微组织进行了研究。试验结果表明：随焊锤击工艺能够有效地降低焊接热裂纹倾向,明显细化焊接接头部位的晶粒,大大改善LY12CZ焊接接头的显微组织,通过对焊件采用强拘束,减轻随焊锤击过程中溶池过分震荡现象,可以收到更好的试验效果。     

超高强度钢板冲压件的激光点焊性能

选取高强度硼合金钢板EN-10292-TL4225,采用先进的激光点焊连接技术,利用优化的焊接参数,实现了这种钢板的热成形超高强度冲压件之间的优质连接。对激光点焊接头做了金相试验和搭接试样拉伸试验,并利用扫描电镜对拉伸断口进行了研究和分析。结果表明,采用激光点焊工艺得到的点焊接头具有良好的力学性能,能满足实际生产的需求。     

曲线路径动态焊接热源建模

在复杂结构焊接热过程及应力变形分析中,经常遇到曲线焊接路径,其动态焊接热源建模难度大,往往难于实现.为解决该问题,研究了曲线焊接路径热源自动建模方法,实现了曲线上动态焊接热源建模,并为多段直线、环形以及平面曲线焊接路径提供了焊接位姿的定义方法.进一步针对难于用方程直接描述的空间复杂路径、根据焊接结构特征提出辅助圆捕捉法来获取路径上的随动焊枪位姿.利用辅助圆捕捉法,用户可以通过简单的参数输入和CAD操作完成曲线路径动态焊接的热源自动建模.     

二氧化碳激光焊接工艺条件对锆—4合金接头质量的影响

研究了二氧化碳激光焊接工艺条件对锆－４合金接头质量的影响。结果表明，在适宜的焊接工艺条件下，可以获得焊缝成形系数大，力学性能接近于母材的焊接接头；与氩弧焊相比，其接头质量显著地优于氩弧焊