泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素工艺

在水溶液中,相当一部分色素在一定条件下带正电荷或负电荷,因此文中以水溶液中的铜离子为色素研究体系,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为起泡剂,探索泡沫分离法脱除水溶液中离子色素的工艺。单因素实验研究了铜离子色素脱除率和富集比随pH值、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂质量浓度及泡沫塔装液量的变化规律和机理,结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠对泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素具有良好的效果。在此基础上通过正交实验得到最佳操作工艺为:pH值5.0,气体流量80 mL/min,表面活性剂质量浓度0.15 g/L,装液量220 mL,此工艺下铜离子色素脱除率为99.4%,富集比为20.8。     

泡沫浮选耦合膜过滤回收有机废水中纳米TiO2光催化剂的工艺

本研究的目的是开发一种新型的泡沫浮选耦合超滤技术的方法,以实现从有机废液体系中经济、高效地回收纳米TiO₂光催化剂。首先,对超滤膜分离有机废液中纳米TiO₂光催化剂的使用效率,包括透过通量和截留率进行评价。随后,为了减少超滤操作进料液中纳米TiO₂光催化剂的浓度,在泡沫浮选阶段确定以阳离子表面活性剂——十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为捕获剂,研究了CTAB浓度、气体体积流速、分布器孔径对泡沫浮选回收纳米TiO₂光催化剂富集效率的影响。最后,确定泡沫浮选耦合超滤耦合回收纳米TiO₂光催化剂的工艺条件。试验结果表明,采用耦合工艺,在pH 7.0、CTAB浓度0.20g/L、气体体积流速15mL/min以及分布器孔径180μm的条件下,纳米TiO₂光催化剂富集比和回收率分别为22.52和99%,同时膜的使用寿命较非耦合操作提高了133％。     

含铜和含锌稀溶液的吸附泡沫分离技术的研究

运用自制的泡沫分离塔,以十二烷基硫酸钠为表面活性剂对泡沫吸附分离含铜及含锌溶液的操作参数进行了研究。考察了料液浓度、pH值、气体流量、表面活性剂浓度等因素对含铜和含锌溶液泡沫分离效果的影响。结果表明：最佳操作参数为pH值5．0,料液浓度0．125mmol／L,进料流速50mL/min,气体流量100mL/min,表面活性剂浓度0．25mmol／L。同时从理论上推算出泡沫吸附分离铜离子的最佳pH值范围为5．0左右。实验还通过改变孔板的孔径大小以改变气泡的尺寸,特别研究了泡沫尺寸对泡沫吸附分离的影响。     

泡沫分离法处理结晶紫染料废水的工艺

以结晶紫模拟染料废水为研究体系,对泡沫分离法脱除结晶紫染料废水色素的工艺进行了研究,考察了以表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为捕收剂时,pH、气体流速、表面活性剂浓度、装液量对脱色效果的影响,利用正交实验确定了优化操作条件. 结果表明,当pH为11.0、气速0.018 m3/h、SDBS浓度450 mg/L、装液量500 mL时,富集比为10.3,废水中结晶紫脱色率为93.5%.     

Study on Technology of Simultaneous Removal of Copper Ion and Crystal Violet in Aqueous Solution by Foam Separation

A system for the removal of Cu²⁺ and crystal violet from aqueous solution by foam separation was used. The goal of this work was to explore a method for simultaneous desalination and decolorization by foam separation. In the aqueous solution of this work, Cu²⁺ was used for studying desalination and crystal violet was used for studying decolorization, respectively, and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) (C₁₈H₂₉SO₃H) was used as a surfactant. The effect of surfactant concentration, pH, superficial velocity, and foam height on the removal percentage and the enrichment ratio were studied to optimize the conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the removal percentage of Cu²⁺ and crystal violet were 96.5% and 96.3%, respectively, and the enrichment ratio of Cu²⁺ and crystal violet were 3.7 and 3.6, respectively.     

泡沫分离除去水溶液中微量硫酸根离子

以十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵为表面活性物质,采用泡沫分离技术对去除水溶液中微量硫酸根离子进行了研究,重点考察了溶液的pH、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂浓度及泡沫塔装液量的影响. 结果表明,十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵具有良好的起泡性能,对水溶液中硫酸根离子的去除效果比较理想,在溶液pH 10、气体流量0.036 m3/h、装液量900 mL、表面活性剂浓度0.13 g/L的条件下,溶液中的SO42-能很好分离(富集比为22.4,去除率为94.1%). 与其他阳离子表面活性剂相比,十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵在泡沫分离结束后不会在水溶液中引入新的酸根离子,为进一步探索脱盐新方法提供了依据.     

Removal of motor oil by continuous multistage froth flotation: Effect of operational parameters

A continuous multistage froth flotation column was employed to remove motor oil from water at a low concentration (500 mg/L) using an extended surfactant – branched alcohol propoxylate sulphate sodium salt (C_14-15–8PO–SO₄–Na) – as a frother. The highest separation efficiency (97% motor oil removal with the enrichment ratio of 16 for motor oil) was obtained at a foam height of 60 cm, an air flow rate of 40 L/min, a feed flow rate of 60 mL/min, a surfactant concentration of 0.3% (w/v), and an NaCl concentration of 1.5% (w/v). The process performance increased with increasing tray number but beyond 4 trays, the system could only offer lower concentrations of motor oil and surfactant in the effluent.     

泡沫分离法提取乙醇水体系中甲基橙

采用泡沫分离法对含甲基橙的乙醇水溶液进行了提取研究. 考察了乙醇体积分数、气体流量、pH、甲基橙浓度和表面活性剂浓度对提取效果的影响,并对泡沫分离乙醇-水体系中提取中药有效成分的可行性进行了探讨. 结果表明,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,在乙醇体积分数25%的乙醇-水体系中,在pH 6.0、气速80 mL/min、甲基橙浓度35 mg/L及CTAB浓度80 mg/L的操作条件下,甲基橙的富集比为14.38,回收率在98.5%以上. 在一定范围内提高表面活性剂浓度或加入稳泡剂以削弱乙醇的消泡作用,从而将泡沫分离技术应用于乙醇-水体系中中药有效成分的提取是可能的.     

Flue gas desulfurization by citrate process and optimization of working parameters

In this study, model flue gas was bubbled into 0.25 L tribasic sodium citrate (TSC) solution being in 0.5 L glass absorber to remove its SO₂ content. Size of gas bubbles, absorption temperature, gas flow rate, solution concentration and stirring rate were taken as working parameters to investigate their effect on SO₂ removal from flue gas. The Taguchi's experimental design method was used to obtain optimum values of working parameters for SO₂ saturation time of the TSC solution selected as a quality characteristic. The optimum levels of parameters to maximize the SO₂ saturation time of TSC solution were coarse bubbles for gas delivery, 35 °C for absorption temperature, 1.5 slm for gas flow rate, 0.5 M for TSC solution concentration and 500 rpm for stirring rate. Under these conditions, the SO₂ saturation time of the TSC solution was achieved as 511 min in average. The most effective parameters on the absorption of SO₂ in TSC solutions were ranked to the least as solution concentration, gas flow rate, size of gas bubbles, absorption temperature and stirring rate.     

Study on Riboflavin Recovery from Wastewater by a Batch Foam Separation Process

Abstract

A batch recovery of riboflavin via foam separation from industrial simulative wastewater was studied using a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The experimental parameters examined were the surfactant concentration, air flow rate, pH, and foam height. Under optimal operating conditions obtained through an orthogonal experiment, the maximum enrichment ratio of 48.7 was achieved for riboflavin along with 99.3% removal efficiency. The optimal operating conditions had the concentration of CTAB at 0.3 g/L, air flow rate at 400 ml/min, foam height at 90 cm, and pH at 12. Therefore foam separation proved to be an effective method to recover the riboflavin in terms of the good enrichment and removal efficiency.     

胶原多肽基表面活性剂对染料废水的泡沫分离性能

以结晶紫溶液模拟染料废水,研究了胶原多肽基表面活性剂(CBS)对染料废水的泡沫分离性能。通过单因素实验考察了pH、气速、表面活性剂质量浓度、泡沫相与液相高度比(H_F/H_L)、染料初始浓度、乙醇添加量等因素对废水中染料分离的影响。结果表明,CBS适用于碱性条件下染料废水的泡沫分离;随着气速的升高,染料的去除率增加,但富集比降低;随着CBS用量的增加,染料的去除率先增加而后降低,富集比随CBS用量的增加而降低;当泡沫相高度与液相高度比为3左右时,染料去除率较高;添加适量的乙醇对泡沫分离是有利的;在较佳的分离条件下,染料的去除率可达80%,富集比达到16。上述研究结果表明,胶原多肽基表面活性剂可用于染料废水的泡沫分离。     

新型旋转填料床脱除烟气中SO2的实验研究

在新型旋转填料床中以NaOH为吸收液脱除烟气中的SO2,考察了超重力因子、液气体积比、进气量等因素对脱硫率(h)和气相传质系数(KGa)的影响及循环次数对脱硫率和溶液pH值的影响. 结果表明,h随超重力因子、液气体积比增加而增加,随进气量增加而降低;KGa随超重力因子、液气体积比、进气量增加而增加. 脱硫率和溶液pH值随循环次数增加呈下降趋势. 最佳操作条件为：超重力因子67,进气量55 m3/h,液气体积比(1.1~1.3)′10-3. 在该条件下,出口气体中SO2浓度低于100 mg/m3,h稳定在约98.7%,比多级雾化旋转填料床提高18.7%. 对实验数据进行回归,拟合出KGa与气相雷诺数ReG、液相韦伯数WeL和伽利略数Ga之间的关联式为     

泡沫分离方法回收钪

采用十二烷基聚氧乙烯琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠混合物作为表面活性剂，间歇式泡沫分离回收水溶液中的钪。讨论了料液pH值、表面活性剂浓度、鼓泡气流率、离子强度和操作时间等对分离效果的影响，得到了适宜的工艺条件。     

Electrochemical copolymerization of aniline with m-aminophenol and novel electrical properties of the copolymer in the wide pH range

A copolymer, poly(aniline-co-m-aminophenol), has been synthesized using repeated potential cycling. The monomer concentration ratio, acid concentration and applied potential strongly affect the copolymerization rate and the properties of the copolymer. The optimum conditions for the copolymerization are that the scan potential range is controlled between −0.10 and 0.95 V (vs.SCE), and a solution consists of 0.34 M aniline, 0.012 M m-aminophenol and 2 M H₂SO₄. The IR spectra of the copolymers demonstrate that the m-aminophenol units are included in the copolymer chains. The cyclic voltammograms of the copolymers in 0.3 M Na₂SO₄ solution with various pH values were performed at the potential ranges from −0.20 to 0.80 V and at a scan rate of 60 mV s⁻¹. The results indicate that the copolymer still hold 41.7% of the electrochemical activity when the copolymer electrode was transferred from a solution of pH 5.0 to a solution of pH 11.0 in the potential range of −0.20 to 0.80 V. An impedance plot of the copolymer in a solution with pH 12.0 and at 0.40 V is constructed of a semicircle and a Warburg line with a slope of 1. This means that the electrode reaction of the copolymer at pH 12.0 is also under mass transfer control. The conductivity of the copolymer prepared under the optimum conditions is 1.42 S cm⁻¹, and slightly depends on the pH value. Thus, the pH dependence of the electrical properties of the copolymer is improved compared with poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol), and is much better than that of the parent polyaniline.     

泡沫分离法回收水溶液中微量钼（Ⅵ）的研究

以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）为表面活性剂,采用自制的泡沫分离塔回收水溶液中的微量钼（Ⅵ）,考察了溶液pH、空气流量、表面活性剂质量浓度等对钼（Ⅵ）回收率和富集率的影响,并对该过程进行动力学分析。实验结果表明：随溶液pH增加,钼（Ⅵ）的富集率和回收率均先增加后减少;随CTAC浓度增加,钼（Ⅵ）的回收率增加而富集率减少;随空气流量增加,钼（Ⅵ）的富集率减少而回收率先增加后减少。在溶液pH为9、气体流量为 200 mL/min、表面活性剂质量浓度为0.30 g/L条件下,钼（Ⅵ）的回收率达到90%,富集倍数达到10倍。动力学分析表明,泡沫分离钼（Ⅵ）的过程是零级动力学过程,拟合方程为ρ=-0.288 8t+4.290 4,R2=0.993 8。     

间歇式泡沫分离法回收海水中硼的研究

采用间歇式泡沫分离法研究了海水中硼的回收工艺。主要考察了表面活性剂种类及用量、溶液pH、气体流量等因素对海水中硼的分离性能的影响。实验结果表明：十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（DTAC）、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵（TTAC）、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）以及十八烷基三甲基氯化铵（OTAC） 4种表面活性剂中CTAC对海水中硼的分离效果最好;随溶液pH的增加,硼的回收率和富集比均先增大后减小;随CTAC用量的增加,硼的回收率逐渐增大并趋于稳定,而富集比先增大后减小;随气体流量的增加,硼的回收率先增大后减小,而富集比则逐渐减小。在实验条件范围内,当CTAC质量浓度为0.2 g/L、溶液pH为9、气体流量为200 mL/min时,硼的回收率达到90%,富集比达到8。     

Adsorption of surfactants from water onto raw and HCl-activated clays in fixed beds

The removal of surfactants from water by adsorption onto raw and HCl-activated montmorillonite in fixed beds was studied. Three surfactants hexadecylpyridinium chloride (cationic), sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic), and Triton X-102 (non-ionic) were selected in the concentration ranges lower than their critical micelle concentrations in fixed bed experiments. It was shown that the adsorption of anionic surfactant onto Ca-montmorillonite (SAz-1) decreased with increasing pH but that of cationic surfactant increased. The adsorption capacity of non-ionic surfactant was maximized at pH 7.0. For given clay, the adsorption capacities of surfactants were strongly pH-dependent. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of non-ionic surfactant onto SAz-1 could be largely improved after acid activation of the clay. Such an improvement was due to the fact that the dissolution of Al³⁺ or Fe²⁺ of montmorillonite occurs in acid solution. The calculated breakthrough curves in fixed bed agreed with the measured ones (standard deviation < 6%). The 50% C/C₀ breakthrough time (τ) decreased with increasing liquid flow rate. The effects of flow rate on the adsorption constant and adsorption capacity were also discussed.     

Effect of ionic strength on the foam fractionation of BSA with existence of antifoaming agent

Foam fractionation is an economical and effective technology for protein concentration and separation. However, the presence of antifoaming agent in the fermentation broth restricts the application of this technology. In this paper surfactant-assisted foam process was conducted with a mimic system using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as target protein, polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glylerin ether (PGE) as antifoaming agent and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, putting emphasis on study of the effect of ionic strength on the separation process. The experimental results showed that with ionic strength increasing, the mixed-system foaming ability gradually increased. Under the conditions of C_BSA 100 mg/L, C_CTAB 20 mg/L, C_PGE 8 mg/L and pH 7.4, feed liquid 250 mL, air flow rate 100 mL/min at 25 °C, the maximum enrichment ratio of BSA reached 27 when the ionic strength was 0.0500 mol/kg and the maximum recovery of BSA reached 80.5% when the ionic strength was 0.1696 mol/kg. Furthermore, K⁺ had better separate efficiency than Na⁺ under the same ionic strength.     

Study on Streptomycin Sulfate Recovery by Batch Foam Separation

The feasibility of foam separation as a technique was assessed for the recovery of streptomycin sulfate from the waste solution by using an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The experimental parameters examined were SDS concentration, superficial gas velocity, initial pH, and liquid loading volume. The results showed that sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant for foam separation had good foaming quality and could effectively concentrate streptomycin sulfate of the aqueous solution by technology of foam separation. The enrichment ratio and the recovery rate of streptomycin sulfate were 4.0 and 85%, respectively under the best operating conditions of sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration 0.4 g/L, superficial gas velocity 300 mL/min, liquid loading volume 300 mL and initial pH 6.0 when streptomycin sulfate concentration was 0.5 g/L.     

泡沫分离除去水溶液中微量硫酸铜

为了探索设备和工艺简单、低污染、生产过程费用低的脱盐新方法,以十二烷基苯磺酸和十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵为表面活性物质,采用泡沫分离技术对脱除水溶液中微量的硫酸铜进行了研究.重点考察了溶液的pH、表观气速、表面活性剂浓度,泡沫塔液面高度及改变分离阴阳离子的先后顺序对分离效果的影响,在最佳操作条件下:CuSO_4的去除率达到97.2%,富集比达到4.2.与其他表面活性剂相比,没有向溶液中引入新的金属离子和酸根离子,从而为脱盐提供了新的方法和依据.