输油管道不停输开孔技术研究

针对油田生产、储运中管道开孔进行不停输开孔研究，设计带压开孔机并形成配套技术，实现了中低压输油管道不停输开孔。     

切削刀片可换组合内孔镗刀

加工孔类零件,受到孔径尺寸制约,可供选择镗刀的种类很多。整体式镗刀、焊接整体式镗刀、刀片、刀杆机夹式镗刀等。在制造和使用中,刀体材料损耗大,刀体材料利用率低,刀具成本高。刃磨、调整费时,生产效率低,不适用专用机床,流水生产线大批量生产。现介绍一种成熟、实用可靠,加工孔径尺寸可调、机夹硬质合金刀片可换,配合刀杆一起使用,加工深孔、台阶孔的组合内孔镗刀,如附图所示。     

精铰挤光深孔的复合铰刀

柴油机汽缸盖上的进、排气导管孔内径为D=φ22H7,孔深为285mm,孔的表面粗糙度为Ra1.25μm,孔的轴线直度误差为0.03mm,圆度误差为0.009mm,孔的深径比为13。为此,我厂设计制造了深孔加工用的精铰、挤光复合铰刀(见附图)。经生产实践,取得较好的效果,孔表面粗糙度可达到Ra1.25～0.63μm(部分可达到Ra3.2μm),孔的直度及圆度也达到设计图纸要求。 1.刀具的结构和特点 (1)该刀具是由刀体与硬质合金刀片组成,刀具全长为465mm,刀体材料为40Cr,刀体硬度为HRC35～40,柄部硬度为HRC45～50。     

加工大直径孔的刀具

一、刀具结构设计（见图１）１．刀体根据Ｚ３５摇臂钻床对刀具装夹的要求,刀体的尾部锥度为莫氏５号,同时在刀体对称位置设计两个装刀槽。刀体材料采用４０Ｃｒ或４５钢,调质处理硬度在ＨＲＣ２６～２８,装刀槽采用焊接方式与刀体连接增加了强度和刚性。２．心轴在刀体的中心部位设计一安装定位心轴的孔。心轴的作用,一方面为刀体提供一个支承点,提高整个系统的刚性,另一方面起到了对刀具的定位作用,减少找正时间。定位心轴与定位工艺孔之间的间隙为０．０５～０．０８ｍｍ,材料为４５钢,与工艺孔配合部分要求表面高频淬火ＢＲＣ…     

斜面,销式机夹刀具

一、斜面、销式机夹刀具的结构斜面、销式刀具结构（见图1）特点是把压板做成一端带固定销,另一端斜角为a的斜面。刀体一端用于安装刀垫和可转位刀片,另一端也制成斜角为a的斜面,中间有一螺纹孔。安装时,先将刀垫和可转位刀片安装在刀体图示位置,然后将压板固定销安装在可转位刀片内孔,压板斜面与刀体斜面配合。螺钉自压板上方穿入,旋进刀体螺纹孔,扭紧螺钉,螺钉对压板产生压力。在压力不断增加时,由于斜面的作用,压板斜面端向右下方位移,带动压板固定销向右移动,将可转位刀片侧面压紧在刀体垂直定位面,实现了可靠定位。同时,压板直接压紧可…     

数控车台型刀具的焊接措施

采用感应钎焊对数控车刀具进行焊接,刀片和刀体材料分别选择YT5和45钢。经过焊前清理后在刀片和刀体间添加钎料和钎剂,熔化后填满焊接缝隙,完成刀片和刀体的牢固焊合,对钎焊后的硬质合金刀片进行合理的热处理,从而可以有效地减少焊接应力,防止裂纹产生,延长刀具的使用寿命,使用刀具进行加工的试验表明,感应钎焊可以对硬质合金刀具进行焊接,焊接性能良好。     

硬质合金刀具焊接质量的改进

前几年我厂在焊接刀具的制造中出现了一些质量问题,使刀具寿命短,消耗量特别大,有时甚至在刀具供应上影响了生产的正常进行。我们经分析研究认为,刀具寿命短的主要原因有以下两方面:一是刀片在刀体上焊接不牢;二是刀片有裂纹。前者刀片在刀体上焊接不牢主要是因为刀片表面有氧化皮存在,它严重地影响了焊料的润湿性。另外还有刀片与刀片槽吻合不太好。后者刀片产生裂纹主要是刀片与刀体材料的线膨胀系数不同,导致刀片     

带滑块深孔螺纹车刀的设计与研究

现有刀具在车削夹盘爪的梯形螺纹孔时,经常打刀、加工效率低,且加工的螺纹孔表面有波纹,影响加工质量.文中设计了一种刀具,刀体一端端部的侧壁开有通孔,刀片插装在通孔内,且刀片沿其长度方向的中心线与刀体沿其长度方向的中心线垂直,刀体一端端部的上表面开有燕尾槽,燕尾槽的侧壁与水平面的夹角为50°,滑块的横截面为等腰梯形,且等腰梯形的底角为50°,滑块安装在滑块槽内,且滑块可在燕尾槽内沿燕尾槽的长度方向直线移动.     

新型高效带压不停输电动开孔机的研制

新型高效带压不停输电动开孔机主要由传动装置、进给装置和刀具部分组成.优化了开孔机的电机与减速器配置,采用电机-减速器一体机,结构紧凑,刚性好,开孔平稳,使用方便,双金属筒状具的设计具有开孔切口窄、切削效率高、对管道物料污染小等特点.     

枞树型核电轮槽精铣刀制造技术优化设计

以枞树型叶根精铣刀为例,阐述了可换硬质合金型线刀体和刀片精铣刀的优化设计、制造工艺、建模及优化设计,进行切削过程加工策略优化和加工过程模拟,设计制造了锥柄专用工装及检测环规、磨削刀片后角专用工装,采用NUMROTO软件编制刀片加工工步。该项目研制的可换刀片精铣刀型线精度完全能达到进口铣刀水平,能满足大部分轮槽与叶根加工对型线精度的要求,可以大幅度节约刀具费用。     

热管铣刀散热基本结构关键参数优化

为给基本结构优化后的热管铣刀设定合理的结构参数,对热管铣刀的热流过程进行了优化分析,对与散热增量关系不明确的结构参数进行了深入讨论,并进行了该类参数与散热增量间的量化关系实验。首先建立热管铣刀结构参数与散热增量之间的关系评定实验平台,再通过系列正交试验获得各试验因子与散热增量之间的关系,并获得各因子的最佳取值,最后基于实验得到的各参数最佳值制造一把热管铣刀,并以此热管铣刀进行切削测温实验,进而验证正交试验结论的正确性。实验结果表明,相比结构参数未优化的热管铣刀,优化后切削区的温降达到50℃以上。     

Investigation of heat partition in dry turning assisted by heat pipe cooling

Dissipation of the cutting heat through the cutting tool assisted by the heat pipe is a new cooling method in metal cutting. However, as an important indicator to evaluate the cooling performance, the heat partition in the cutting process for the heat pipe cutter has not been reported in the previous publications. This investigation is concerned with the estimation of the amount of heat flowing into the heat pipe cutter and that dissipated by the heat pipe. The aim is to characterize the heat partition of the heat pipe cutter and thus evaluate its cooling performance. Experimental results are presented of temperature measurements at the accessible positions on the cutter during orthogonal cutting. With these measured temperatures, the finite different methods and an inverse procedure are utilized to solve the heat flux loaded on the tool–chip interface and the amount of heat flowing into each part of the heat pipe cutter. It is shown that the installation of the heat pipe increases the heat flowing into the tool; however, much greater amount of heat can be dissipated by the heat pipe; this results in the reduction of the temperature at tool–chip interface.     

Investigation of tool-chip interface temperature in dry turning assisted by heat pipe cooling

Aiming to effectively remove the cutting heat in machining process, the cutting tool with heat pipe cooling has been developed in recent years; however, there were few reports on the quantitative investigation of temperature at the tool-chip interface of this tool. In this work, a heat pipe cooling system was used to decrease the temperature of the cutter. The temperature at defined locations of the cutter in the dry turning of an AISI-1045 steel was obtained by the cutting test. The finite difference solution and an inverse procedure were used to determine the tool-chip interface temperature. It was found that with the increase of cutting speed, the tool-chip interface temperature and effective heat flux of the cutter will increase. The tool-chip interface temperature could be reduced by the heat pipe cooling. The temperature reduction was more obvious in higher cutting speed.     

微型圆热管挤压犁削/拔拉成型刀具设计

在分析微型热管的功能、技术要求及其加工工艺的基础上,设计了微型热管犁削—拔拉用成型刀具。该刀具采用高速钢材料,具有定位装夹方便、加工的热管直径尺寸稳定等优点。     

Contour Quality Evaluation of the Toroidal Cutter

A toroidal cutter is an effective tool for use in the machining of freeform surfaces. Its contact point on the machined surface creates a second-order continuous curvature, thus the scallop height is decreasing if the cutter axis is inclined at a suitable angle against the machined surface. However, few studies address the evaluation of the contour quality produced by this kind of cutter. The geometry of a toroidal cutter includes a cylindrical shank, cutting body, and a toroidal surface. These components may deviate from the ideal geometry, resulting in contour errors. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the radius of the cutting body and the toroidal surface based on the axis of the minimal circumscribed cylinder. This paper first presents a reliable model to determine the axis of the minimal circumscribed cylinder (MCC) of the cutter shank, from measured data. Then, based on the determined axis, the radius of the cutting body is calculated, and finally the minimal circumscribed toroidal surface (MCTS) of the revolving surface of the corner arc is investigated. An illustrative example is given to verify the validity of this modelling methodology. This work provides a basis for evaluating the actual contour quality for this kind of rotating cutter. The method illustrated here can also be used for error evaluation for other kinds of cutter with a single shank having multiple cutting edges.     

高速干式飞刀铣齿切削温度仿真分析及实验研究

根据金属切削和传热学理论,采用高速干式飞刀铣齿模拟滚齿加工过程,建立了飞刀铣齿切削温度的数学模型,推导出飞刀多因素切削温度场计算公式,对高速干式飞刀铣齿的切削温度进行了仿真分析,并结合高速干式飞刀铣齿实验,采集实验数据与理论数据进行了对比分析,考察了切削温度与各主要切削参数之间的关系及变化规律,从而验证理论仿真模型的正确性,为进一步研究高速干式滚齿的切削温度和高速干式滚齿的切削机理等问题,奠定了基础。     

不等齿距端铣刀对端铣振动影响的研究

根据切削理论及端铣过程的几何关系 ,提出了单齿和多齿端铣刀的铣削力模型 ,用有限元分析软件分析了铣床的频谱 ;分析了不等齿距端铣刀的铣削力频谱 ,并在此基础上分析了不等齿距端铣刀的减振机理 ,提出了不等齿距端铣刀齿间角优化设计的依据 ,设计和制造了不等齿距端铣刀 ,并对不等齿距端铣刀和等齿距端铣刀的振动性能进行了对比实验     

基于绿色制造的环保型干式切削刀具的设计研究

刀具是机械加工的重要环节,随着人类文明的发展和工业的进步,切削加工中产生的环境污染问题日益受到关注,为了贯彻环境保护政策,环保型刀具的使用将成为未来金属切削加工发展趋势之一。这里从绿色制造的角度出发对环保型干式切削刀具的材料选择、几何角度调整、结构设计等方面进行了深入的研究。     

枞树型轮槽精铣刀热—力耦合场分析

以汽轮机转子轮槽加工中枞树型轮槽精铣刀的热变形为研究对象,对刀具切削过程中受力、受热进行分析计算。采用ANSYS作为有限元分析软件平台,通过建立精铣刀的有限元模型和加载计算,模拟实际切削中刀具的热变形。研究结果在一定程度上实现了对精铣刀热变形的定量计算,为进一步的机夹式轮槽精铣刀结构设计及刀片重构奠定了良好的研究基础。     

盘形可转位大模数齿轮铣刀强度有限元分析

通过分析影响盘形可转位大模数齿轮铣刀切削力的几个因素,确定每齿进给量变化是影响切削力的主要因素。以此为基础,介绍了齿轮铣刀的强度有限元分析的方法。利用有限元方法分析齿轮铣刀的刀体强度,验证了铣刀的设计安全性,为铣刀的优化设计提供了参考。