生物防腐剂用于酱油保鲜的研究

通过对酿造酱油中G+、G-菌组成情况的分析,研究了天然生物防腐剂Nisin对酿造酱油中腐败细菌的抑制效力。对腐败细菌在不同Nisin含量的营养肉汤培养基及酱油原液中培养试验的结果显示:在腐败菌最适生长温度36℃下培养,当Nisin的含量达到100μg/mL时,营养肉汤(pH4.60)中腐败细菌的总数急剧减少;当Nisin的含量达到50～100μg/mL时,即能有效地抑杀酱油中的腐败细菌。这表明Nisin可替代化学防腐剂用于酱油的防腐保鲜,以减轻酱油的巴氏灭菌强度,保持酱油原有营养成分、风味、色泽,延长制品货架期。     

乳过氧化物酶体系在冷却猪肉保鲜中的应用研究

为了评定乳过氧化物酶体系对冷却猪肉的保鲜效果,对冷却鲜猪肉分别采用浓度为3μg/ml的乳过氧化物酶体系(LPS)、4μg/ml的LPS、40μg/ml的乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、3μg/ml的LPS+40μg/ml的Nisin、4μg/ml的LPS+40μg/ml的Nisin等5组不同保鲜剂处理,以蒸馏水处理做对照,测试猪肉在3±0.5℃保存条件下感官指标、理化指标和细菌总数的变化。结果表明:经LPS处理的冷却猪肉在贮藏过程中的感官指标、理化指标和细菌总数的变化比对照组缓慢,差异达到极显著水平(p<0.01),LPS可有效延长冷却猪肉的保鲜期;LPS处理比Nisin处理的保鲜效果更好,差异达到显著水平(p<0.05);当LPS与Nisin复配时,可以达到更好的保鲜效果,猪肉的保鲜期可达20d以上;Nisin可以减轻LPS导致的猪肉脂肪氧化。     

黄浆水在酿造酱油中的应用

该研究以黄浆水代替酿造酱油生产中的拌醅盐水,通过高盐稀态发酵制备黄浆水酱油。对黄浆水的化学成分及水质指标进行测定,并以传统酿造酱油为对照,对黄浆水酱油品质及挥发性风味成分进行分析。结果表明,黄浆水中含有多种化学成分,富含碳源、氮源及无机盐,适用于酱油酿造。黄浆水酱油的氨基酸态氮、可溶性无盐固形物、全氮含量分别为0.96、18.73、1.56 g/100 mL,均优于传统酿造酱油,且达到GB 18186-2000《酿造酱油》中特级酱油标准;黄浆水酱油游离氨基酸含量为49.79 mg/mL,且鲜味氨基酸含量较高（13.26 mg/mL）;黄浆水酱油中共检出挥发性风味化合物77种,以醇类（839.93 μg/L）和酯类（808.23 μg/L）化合物为主。将大豆黄浆水应用到酿造酱油生产中,可增强酱油的风味口感,提高酱油品质,有效节约能源,为实现废弃物的高值利用提供了新思路。     

生物防腐剂在大豆酱再发酵中的应用研究

大豆酱中的微生物是造成大豆酱再发酵变质的主要原因。Nisin对大豆酱中腐败细菌具有抑制作用，在不同Nisin含量的大豆酱中试验结果显示：在37℃条件下，当Nisin含量在0．1‰时，可有效地抑杀大豆酱中的腐败微生物，防止大豆酱在存放、销售过程中的再发酵、沉淀、变质。表明Nisin可以替代化学防腐剂用于大豆酱保鲜，并保持大豆酱原有的营养成分、风味、色泽，延长产品保持期。     

无添加酿造酱油的低聚肽特征性分析

以无添加酿造酱油(无添加酱油)为研究对象,对酱油低聚肽含量、分子质量分布及其氨基酸组成进行了测定,并与市售的特级和三级普通酿造酱油进行了比较分析。结果显示,无添加酱油低聚肽含量为6.79g/100 mL,是特级酱油和三级酱油的2.23倍和2.30倍,其活性低聚肽(分子质量140~500 Da)组分高达47.47%,含量为3.22 g/100 mL,是特级酱油和三级酱油的2.95和3.03倍。无添加酱油低聚肽中必需氨基酸含量为1.229 g/100 mL,分别是特级酱油和三级酱油的2.08和2.63倍,其中赖氨酸含量是特级酱油和三级酱油的4.37和30.60倍。     

纳他霉素与乳酸链球菌素复合防腐剂在酱油防霉中的应用

研究了纳他霉素 (Natamycin)与乳酸链球菌素 (Nisin)在传统酿造酱油中的防霉应用情况 ,以及不同浓度纳他霉素与乳酸链球菌素的复合使用情况 .结果表明 :纳他霉素防止传统酿造酱油霉变的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)为 2 0 μg/kg ,而通过与乳酸链球菌素复合 ,可以有效降低MIC至 8μg/kg ,符合食品添加剂的卫生要求 .     

乳酸链球菌素和柠檬酸对甜樱桃中沙门氏菌的抑制

为了研究沙门氏菌污染采后甜樱桃果实的生长繁殖状况及其控制情况,分别采用乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、柠檬酸及二者复配溶液处理人工接种沙门氏菌的甜樱桃,观察和分析Nisin和柠檬酸的抑菌效果。结果表明,Nisin与柠檬酸处理均具有抑菌效果,并且随着溶液中Nisin从10μg/m L上升至100μg/m L、柠檬酸从1 g/L上升至5 g/L时,抑菌效果显著增强,(p0.05)。研究还发现,Nisin溶液100μg/m L、柠檬酸溶液5 g/L、Nisin 10μg/m L与3 g/L柠檬酸复配溶液和Nisin 50μg/m L与柠檬酸1 g/L复配溶液这4种处理具有相似的抑菌除菌效果,处理5 min菌落浓度可以降低至104cfu/m L;Nisin 50μg/m L与3 g/L柠檬酸复配溶液处理样品15 min时,沙门氏菌的菌落降至检测限以下,无法检出;当贮存时间一直延长至第10 d时,Nisin和柠檬酸处理仍然保持一定的抑菌效果,充分除菌抑菌。     

Nisin、山梨酸钾复合抑制尹家鸡翅中腐败菌的研究

应用Nisin和山梨酸钾复合控制尹家鸡翅中的腐败菌。采用微生物学方法分离鸡翅中腐败菌,利用牛津杯打孔法对腐败菌进行抑制研究,应用复合制剂对产品进行保鲜作用研究。从腐败的尹家鸡翅中分离获得30株腐败菌,初步鉴定大多数为革兰氏阳性杆菌和球菌。Nisin在0.48 g/mL抑制28株腐败菌的生长,山梨酸钾在0.48 g/mL抑制27株腐败菌的生长,0.16 g/mL Nisin和0.16 g/mL山梨酸钾对30株腐败菌均有抑菌作用。应用0.24 g/mL Nisin和0.24 g/mL山梨酸钾在尹家鸡翅中保鲜作用较好,在第7天时,细菌菌落总数比对照组下降4个数量级且具有较好的感官评定,鸡翅中复合剂含量符合国家标准。尹家鸡翅中添加复合浓度0.24 g/mL的Nisin和山梨酸钾可使产品的货架期延长至7 d。     

核桃粕固态发酵酱油的制备及抗氧化性分析

目的：以米曲霉为菌种制备核桃酱油,开发功能性酱油。方法：制备酱油基础上,利用高效液相色谱仪、全自动氨基酸分析仪和气相色谱仪测定酱油营养成分,使用超滤对10 kDa以下组分进行分离,然后测定核桃酱油组分中多肽含量、ABTS自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力及DPPH自由基清除能力。结果：核桃酱油中16种氨基酸总含量为4.86 g/100 g,不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的82.84%。核桃酱油组分中多肽含量为6.804 g/100 mL,当多肽质量浓度为3.6 mg/mL时,核桃酱油组分ABTS自由基清除能力达到95.13%、羟自由基清除能力达到28.20%、DPPH自由基清除能力达到20.08%。结论：核桃酱油组分具有较高的抗氧化性,且其抗氧化能力与多肽含量有关。     

天然晒露法酱油减盐工艺条件优化

该研究以天然晒露法酿造工艺为基础制备酱油，并采用乙醇代盐法对酱油进行降盐处理，分别考察在不同乙醇和氯化钠配比条件下，酱醪发酵过程中氨基酸态氮、总酸、pH值的动态变化，并采用定量描述分析（QDA）法对生酱油进行感官评价，确定减盐酱油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明，当制备酱油的盐水中氯化钠含量为10%，乙醇含量为7%时，酱油品质较佳，其氨基酸态氮含量为（0.97±0.03）g/100 m L，总酸含量为（2.34±0.03）g/100 m L,p H值为4.81,Na Cl含量为（7.74±0.04）%。QDA感官评价数据表明，该样品的鲜味评分为2.8分，咸味评分为2.6分，甜味评分为1.4分，酱香评分为2.9分，酯香评分为0.9分，综合复杂性评分为1.9分。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press