The measurement of penetration depth and surface resistance of bulk YBCO superconductor by using microstrip resonator method

We have measured the resonance curves of a high Tc superconducting microstrip resonator at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, and done same thing to a copper microstrip resonator with the same width and length as high Tc superconducting microstrip resonator. These four curves have been compared with each other. After that we obtained the penetration depth and surface resistance of high Tc superconductor at liquid nitrogen temperature. The microstrip resonator method has the advantage of simple. The results agree with theoretical prediction and other papers quite well.     

The Radiation of Electromagnetic Power by Microstrip Configurations

A new technique for calculating the radiation losses of microstrip configurations is presented. The method applies if the wavelength is large compared to the width of the conducting strip and the thickness of the dielectric wafer. It is shown that the radiated power, which is partly carried by "space waves" and partly by "surface waves," can be computed in terms of the specific inductance and the specific capacitance of the transmission line, without making any assumptions regarding the current distribution in the microstrip. It appears that the fraction of the radiated power carried by surface waves contains the frequency to a higher power than does the fraction carried by space waves and is therefore relatively small. The investigated configurations are the infinitely long transmission line excited by a voltage-slit, the half-wavelength straight resonator, the full-wavelength circular resonator, and the quarter-wavelength hair-pin resonator. It follows that the quality factor of the straight resonator and the circular resonator are inversely proportional to the square of the frequency, whereas the quality factor of the hairpin resonator is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the frequency.     

Periodic structures on coupled slot resonators in the grounding layer of microstrip transmission line

The spectrum of natural frequencies of the resonator has been calculated. The specified resonator includes a microstrip transmission line with discontinuity in the form of two rectangular coupled slot resonators in the grounding layer. Based on the above spectrum and using the transverse resonance method the scattering matrix of the principal wave of the microstip transmission line on this discontinuity was calculated. The scattering characteristic of the periodic structure consisting of a finite number of cells in the form of coupled slot resonators in the grounding layer of microstrip line indicates that with due regard for their mutual coupling the losses in the first stopband can be reduced by 3–5 dB as compared with the characteristic obtained by tandem connection of the scattering matrices of separate slot resonators in the grounding layer of microstrip line.     

高温超导微带天线的谐振特性研究

传输线模型是分析微带天线的一种最简单的方法,但其未将导体的特性参数考虑到天线的分析中去,针对这一缺点,为研究超导体的表面阻抗对高温超导微带天线输入阻抗和谐振频率的影响,把导体特性对天线的影响看作一种微扰来处理,对传统的传输线模型进行了修正,并通过与谱域矩量法相比较,验证了修正后方法的有效性.进而利用修正后的方法计算分析了高温超导矩形微带贴片天线的输入阻抗和谐振频率,给出了关于高温超导微带天线输入阻抗和谐振频率的若干结论.     

基于谐振器慢波传输线的小型化宽阻带谐波抑制功分器

该文提出一种基于谐振器慢波传输线的小型化宽阻带谐波抑制功分器,该谐振器慢波传输线由矩形谐振器、T型谐振器和蛇形线构成,来取代功分器中的1/4波长传统微带传输线。所设计制作的功分器,其尺寸仅为传统微带功分器的37.4%。实验结果表明,该功分器回波损耗大于10 dB的带宽范围为0.1～1.19 GHz,在2.2～11.05 GHz频率范围内衰减大于20 dB,具有较宽的阻带从而具有抑制谐波效果。仿真和测试结果较为吻合,验证了所提设计方法的有效性。     

基于耦合三线结构的宽带功分器研究*

由于传统的威尔金森功分器需要通过多级传输线的级联来拓展其工作带宽,增加了电路设计的复杂度。因此本文提出了一种基于耦合三线的宽带功分器结构。通过在四分之一波长传输线的两端分别引入一节耦合三线,使功分器实现了宽带特性。采用三线耦合器与阻抗变换理论,对影响功分器工作带宽、输入输出端口匹配度和隔离度参数进行了理论分析,并设计制造了基于此结构的宽带功分器。测试结果表明该功分器具有很好的端口匹配、传输损耗和端口隔离特性。     

Modeling the nonlinearity of superconducting strip transmissionlines

The use of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory to predict the nonlinear behavior in a superconducting stripline resonator as a function of input current is reported. A method for calculating the nonlinear inductance and the fractional change in the resonant frequency (Δf/f) of a stripline resonator is presented. By solving the GL equations inside the superconducting strip, the spatial variation of the number density of superconducting electrons and, hence, the spatial variation of the magnetic penetration depth are obtained for different values of input current. First, an infinite parallel plate transmission line is considered where the one-dimensional GL equations are solved. The two-dimensional case of a stripline is then considered. Nonlinear inductances are calculated as functions of input current for different superconducting striplines. Comparisons of the calculated Δf/f with measurements for YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x stripline resonators show excellent agreement     

Power dependence of HTS disk-resonator quality factor

The simple closed-form model of nonlinear response of a high-temperature superconducting disk resonator on microwave power is proposed. The model is based on superconducting film nonlinearity and describes the dependence of unloaded quality factor on the incident power. The specified normalizing power is used as the only fitting parameter. Good quantitative agreement of modeled and measured data has been obtained. The results observed exhibit the kinetic nature of the nonlinearity of the disk resonator on an LaAlO₃ substrate at T=60 K and more complicated, presumably thermal, heating nature of the nonlinearity at lower temperature     

Superconducting microstrip resonator with yttrium iron garnetsingle crystals

A magnetically tunable microstrip superconducting resonator using an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) single crystal was demonstrated experimentally. Tunability of 200 MHz at a center frequency of 5.3 GHz was observed, and a quality factor of 965 with minimum insertion loss of 19.5 dB was measured for a half-wavelength microstrip line consisting of a YIG-YBCO-MgO composite structure. The dispersion relation of the resonator was analyzed using the spectral-domain method and discussed with experimental results on the mixed states of TEM and magnetostatic-wave modes. Power dependence of the characteristics is also discussed     

Simulations of microwave characteristics of high-temperature superconducting microstrip lines by using an empirical two-fluid model

A numerical analysis of the microwave propagation characteristics of a high-temperature superconducting microstrip transmission line is presented. It is based on the transmission line theory and empirical two-fluid model which appropriately incorporates the quasiparticle scattering and residual loss of the superconductor. First, the calculated attenuation constant and phase velocity are compared with those predicted by the conventional two-fluid model for a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// microstrip line with a linear substrate, lanthanum aluminate, LaAlO/sub 3/. Next, we have specifically investigated the effects of nonlinear substrate such as strontium titanate, SrTiO/sub 3/, on the attenuation constant and phase velocity. The tunable feature of such a microwave device owing to the nonlinear dielectric ferroelectric is illustrated and discussed.     

Coupling Coefficient Between Microstrip Line and Dielectric Resonator

A formula of the coupling coefficient between a dielectric resonator and a microstrip line is derived from an analysis of the transmission characteristics of the microstrip line coupled to the dielectric resonator. A practical method of calculation is developed using Fourier analysis. The calculated values show good agreement with the experimental values.     

Precision measurement of coupling between microstrip and TE01 mode dielectric resonator

The coupling between a microstrip transmission line and a dielectric resonator with a relative dielectric constant of 80 has been measured as a function of the distance between the resonator and the microstrip. Precision measurement involves the TRL de-embedding procedure, and data fitting to a fractional linear transformation on a complex plane. A comparison is made of covered and uncovered resonators, demonstrating the influence of radiation     

Compact microstrip bandpass filter with two transmission zeros

A novel compact microstrip bandpass filter is proposed using a half-wavelength (/spl lambda//2) microstrip line resonator and an end-coupling resonator. The filter has two transmission zeros at both low and high rejection bands, as well as low insertion loss and compact design by giving two paths to the input signals. A demonstration filter has been designed and tested. Theoretical and experimental results are presented.     

Transmission line model for mutual coupling between microstrip antennas

Although more rigorous treatments have been developed for mutual coupling between microstrip antennas, the purpose of this transmission line model is to provide a numerically efficient substitute for them. Therefore, two approximations have been introduced: first, the surface waves have been neglected and second, each rectangular resonator is replaced by two equivalent radiating slots. In most practical cases the approximations are acceptable; this has been proved while comparing the transmission line model with other published results. It is obvious that the efficieney of the transmission model and can be used to include mutual coupling in practical analysis or synthesis routines for arrays of rectangular microstrip antennas.     

Compact, narrow bandwidth, lumped element bandstop resonators

This letter describes the design and simulation of novel, highly compact, lumped element bandstop resonators. The resonators are fabricated using copper microstrip lines, with resonant frequencies around 5GHz but with areas of only 1.075mm /spl times/ 1.275mm. Each resonator consists of 8 interdigital capacitive fingers in parallel with a straight line inductor. The new design offers at least a 40% size reduction compared with similar resonators , . Furthermore, adjustment of the input and output feed line geometries enables resonator tuning at the design stage over a bandwidth of approximately 100MHz. The measured characteristics show good agreement with the simulated responses. Ultimate performance of this type of bandstop resonator is achieved using superconducting thin films, and to conclude a 20-finger, superconducting resonator (of area 1mm /spl times/ 0.41mm) is described and simulated.     

Noise calculations and experimental results of varactor tunableoscillators with significantly reduced phase noise

The single-sideband phase noise of varactor tunable GaAs MESFET oscillators is investigated. Two oscillator circuits with different microstrip resonator circuits were designed and fabricated. Using a resonator consisting of coupled microstrip lines instead of a single microstrip line, which is a planar monolithically integrable structure, phase noise is reduced significantly because the quality factor is higher for the coupled resonator. The phase noise is calculated using a nonlinear time domain method, which solves the Langevin equations, describing the deterministic and stochastic behavior of an oscillator by perturbation methods. Calculated and measured phase noise agree within the accuracy of measurements. The very low phase noise of 95 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency is achieved     

基于非均匀传输微带线设计Wilkinson功分器

在微带线基本理论的基础上,采用非均匀传输微带线研究设计了新型Wilkinson功分器有。运用阻抗匹配、奇偶模分析的方法,对基于非均匀传输微带线的Wilkinson功分器进行理论分析,并通过ADS2008(Advanced Design System 2008)软件的设计、仿真和优化得到了相关数据参数,设计制作了一款3.1~10.6 GHz范围内的非均匀传输微带线Wilkinson功分器,从而成功地实现了小型化、低功耗Wilkinson功分器。     

Analysis of superconducting microwave structures: application tomicrostrip lines

An accurate analysis for the microwave and millimeter-wave transmission lines, which include the high T_c superconductor materials, is presented. This analysis is based on blending a full electromagnetic wave model with London's equations and the two-fluid model. It is capable of fully characterizing the transmission lines, including obtaining the current distributions inside the superconducting material, the electromagnetic fields, the power handling capability, and the quality factor. A simplified model based on the TM-mode solution is also presented. The solution is obtained using the finite-difference scheme. This approach is employed in investigating the superconducting microstrip structure. Results showing current distributions and quality factors are presented. Variations of the line characteristics with the strip width are also presented. The possibility of developing empirical relations for the current carrying capacity as functions of the critical current density and the critical magnetic flux density is also demonstrated     

SUPERCONDUCTING MICROSTRIP LINE MODEL STUDIES AT MILLIMETRE AND SUB-MILLIMETRE WAVES

This paper presents results of superconducting microstrip transmission line simulation for the frequency range 100–1100 GHz. The simulation is used to calculate the characteristic impedance and the wave propagation constant in a superconducting microstrip line having different geometry. Indeed, modelling provides the only tool for designing superconducting microstrip-based circuits at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths because no direct measurements of such a line can be made at this wavelengths and at cryogenic temperature of 4 K with ultimate accuracy. Niobium, as the most commonly exploited superconducting material, was used for the modelling, though the same approach would work for any different BCS superconductor. In order to evaluate the model accuracy, we have made an extensive comparison study of the superconducting microstrip models known from earlier publications, performed numerical simulations using 3D EM — solver, HFSS, and used a new model introduced in this paper with all simulation result plotted in the paper.     

Picosecond nodal testing of centimeter-size superconducting Nb microstrip interconnects

We have implemented a low-temperature electro-optic sampling system for non-invasive, nodal testing of superconducting Nb integrated circuits. With submillivolt sensitivity and a subpicosecond temporal response, this system has been used to perform nodal analysis on rapid-single-flux quantum (RSFQ) devices and superconducting microstrip interconnects. Here we demonstrate that by measuring the propagation of 6-ps-wide pulses at various test nodes, we are able to fully characterize a superconducting microstrip waveguide the size of an entire chip. The transmission line was selected not only to perform the first complete characterization of a superconducting microstrip, but also to demonstrate full nodal testing of a foundry-fabricated RSFQ integrated circuit. Finally, our results provided much-needed feedback for improving computer simulations of superconducting digital circuits.