一种新的基于ACSA的ad hoc多径QoS路由方法

ad hoc网络中基于蚁群系统算法（ACSA）的路由协议已经被广泛地研究,但其中的大部分本质上都属于单径路由协议,使得源宿之间最短路径上的主机负担加重。另一方面,由于引入了蚂蚁的正反馈机制,使得协议本身比较差的鲁棒性受到进一步的削弱,多径路由能够更好地支持QoS。本文将ACSA和链路不相交的多径路由结合起来以解决上述问题。新提出的基于ACSA的多径QoS路由方法建立和利用多条链路不相交路径来并发发送数据,并且采用信息素来分散通信流量,因此能够适应网络的动态变化和更好的支持QoS,仿真结果表明该方法要优于其他相关的算法。     

无线 Mesh 网络中多路径路由算法的研究

针对无线 Mesh 网络中传统单径路由协议的不足,提出一种基于动态源路由协议(DSR)的多路径路由算法(IDSR).该算法通过在路由发现过程引入带宽和最大转发次数等限制条件,保证了多条路由请求信息的获取;通过在节点不相交的多径选择过程中引入多 QoS 路由代价函数,有效地实现多路径的选择;通过提供多 QoS 保障,使算法具有较高的求解效率,避免了单径路由的不稳定等特点.实验结果表明,IDSR 算法在无线 Mesh 网络的路由中具有更好的 QoS 性能.     

多路径互联协议EAOMDV

在无线自组织网络中,由于多径路由的高稳定性和高网络资源利用率,使它比单路径更符合QoS路由的要求。但多径路由协议,也同时会存在路径使用效率较低、路由开销庞较大等问题。文章提出了一种新的基于多路径的互联协议EAOMDV(Enhance Ad Hoc Multipath Distance Vector)。该互联协议能够根据需要在源节点与网关间建立多条链路间无重复的、无环路的路径,显著降低网关发现时延和路由开销。     

认知网络中的拥塞规避多径路由算法

链路拥塞导致的数据包传输延时或者数据包丢弃使得网络无法保证业务的Q0S,而目前普遍使用的链路状态路由算法不具有拥塞响应机制.本文针对以上问题,提出了一种能够快速规避拥塞的多径路由算法,该算法通过改进蚂蚁算法,在拥塞发生时采用双向蚂蚁寻路的方法,提高了新路径搜索的速度;使用新的寻路准则使其更满足认知网络的QoS需求.使用...     

AMR:一个基于网络最大流的Ad-Hoc多路径路由算法

移动Ad-Hoc网路研究中,路由是一个关键问题.现有的Ad-Hoc路由算法大多为单路径算法.但是多路径方法可以更好地支持QoS,最近也受到较大关注.在没有精确的网络拓扑结构情况下,找出多条不相交路径是比较困难的.本文提出了一个基于网络最大流的Ad-Hoc多路径路由算法AMR(Aggregated multipath routing).该算法可以有效地找出多条节点不相交的路径,较大幅度地提高网络传输性能、减少网络拥塞.经过性能测试,表明AMR算法比DSR算法在数据传输率方面提高20%—60%,端对端平均延迟降低40%—60%.     

能量感知和链路稳定度的多径MANET路由

在移动自组织网络中,相对于单路径路由算法而言,多路径路由算法可以均衡网络负载、提高路由的可靠性。通过对AOMDV路由协议进行改进,提出了基于能量感知和链路稳定度的多径MANET路由协议ELMRP。ELMRP协议综合考虑了节点的剩余能量和链路稳定度,根据路径的剩余能量和稳定度计算代价值,按照代价值在多条节点不相交路径上分配数据流量。仿真结果表明,和AOMDV路由协议相比,ELMRP协议延长了网络的生存时间,提高了数据分组递送率,降低了路由发现频度。     

基于路径分段的MANET自适应多径路由协议

采用多径路由机制能够有效保证Ad hoc网络数据包传输成功概率,提高网络可靠性。该文在路径数量分析的基础上,根据分组丢弃概率门限判决方法,提出了基于路径分段的自适应多径路由协议。节点采用预先设定的门限值判定链路状态,并且根据网络当前的拓扑状态自适应地选择中继节点,建立路径分段的多径路由。仿真结果表明,该机制在合理利用网络资源的同时能够有效保障数据包的可靠传输,更加适用于状态时变的Ad hoc网络。     

移动自组网模糊逻辑QoS动态源路由算法

该文提出了一种新的移动Ad hoc网络QoS路由算法:模糊逻辑QoS动态源路由算法。算法从模糊理论的思想出发,将业务的多个QoS参数进行综合评判产生一类以语言变量描述的请求,在修改动态源路由协议为多径路由算法的基础之上,对比各条路径综合模糊路由状态,选择出最适合业务请求的路径。仿真显示算法在支持QoS的同时对移动Ad hoc网络因拓扑动态变化而引起的信息不精确性有很好的适应度。     

安全保障：无线Mesh网络中支持QoS的DSR路由协议的改进与实现

随着无线Mesh网络传输多媒体业务需求的增加,要求网络支持服务质量（QoS）,本文基于DSR协议设计了一个支持QoS的路由协议算法QDSR（QoS-DSR）。该算法保证了数据流的带宽、时延的QoS需求,根据路径跳数和节点拥塞情况定义路由代价函数,选择最优路径。仿真结果表明,与DSR相比,QDSR提高了网络吞吐量,降低了平均端到端延时,提高了网络利用率,更好地满足业务的QoS需求,并且具有更强的适用性和可扩展性。     

无线Mesh网络多路径路由协议的研究

L2MPM路由协议工作在第2层,属于多经路由中的备份路由,但并未考虑主路经与备份路径之间存在链路相交的问题,降低了网络的容错能力。因此,在L2MPM协议的基础上,提出了LD-L2MPM路由协议。该协议通过采用链路不相交策略,在Hello包中添加第一跳和最后一跳字段来确保所选的两条路径是链路不相交。仿真结果表明,与原有协议相比,数据包投递率提高约6%,平均端到端时延降低约5%。     

Increasing the network performance using multi-path routing mechanism with load balance

Research on multi-path routing protocols to provide improved throughput and route resilience as compared with single-path routing has been explored in details in the context of wired networks. However, multi-path routing mechanisms have not been explored thoroughly in the domain of ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol which increases the network throughput. The protocol is a multi-path routing protocol with a load balance policy. The simulations show a significant improvement in terms of connection throughput and end-to-end delay, when compared to single-path routing. The second significant contribution of this paper is a theoretical analysis allowing to compare reactive single-path and multi-path routing with load balance mechanisms in ad hoc networks, in terms of overheads, traffic distribution and connection throughput. The results reveal that multi-path routing (using a load balance policy) provides better performance than reactive single-path routing in terms of congestion and connection throughput, provided that the average route length is smaller than certain upper bounds which are derived and depend on parameters specific to the network. These upper bounds are very crucial because they can be taken into account as constraints in the route discovery mechanism so that the multi-path routing protocol is guaranteed to lead to an increase performance than a simple single-path one. Also, our analysis provide some insight into choosing the right trade-off between increased overheads and better performance. We show in particular that for certain networks, a multi-path routing strategy is not worth considering.     

A Survey of Routing Protocols that Support QoS in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The explosive growth in the use of mobile devices coupled with users' desires for real-time applications has provided new challenges in the design of protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Chief among these challenges to enabling real-time applications for mobile ad hoc networks is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as meeting bandwidth or delay constraints. In particular, it is important that routing protocols incorporate QoS metrics in route finding and maintenance to support end-to-end QoS. This article extensively and exclusively studies the issues involved with QoS-aware routing and presents an overview and comparison of existing QoS-aware routing protocols. In addition, the open issues that must be addressed to fully support QoS-aware routing are discussed.     

Improving UDP and TCP performance in mobile ad hoc networks withINSIGNIA

There is a growing need to provide better service differentiation in mobile ad hoc networks; however, this is challenging. These networks are characterized as being multihop in nature where the wireless topology that interconnects mobile hosts/routers can change rapidly in unpredictable ways or remain relatively static over long periods of time. Power and bandwidth constrained, mobile ad hoc networks typically only support best effort communications where the transport protocol's “goodput” is often lower than the maximum radio transmission rate after encountering the effects of multiple access, fading, noise, and interference. We evaluate three routing protocols with INSIGNIA, an in-band signaling system that supports adaptive reservation-based services in mobile ad hoc networks. INSIGNIA represents a general-purpose approach to delivering quality of service in mobile ad hoc network supporting “operational transparency” between a number of IETF mobile ad hoc network routing protocols that include Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Dynamic Source Routing, and the Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm. We evaluate the performance gains delivered when using INSIGNIA with these MANET routing protocols in support of UDP and TCP traffic. The INSIGNIA ns-2 code used for the study reported in this article is available from the Web at comet.columbia.edu/insignia     

A QoS Routing Protocol with Bandwidth Allocation in Multichannel Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile multimedia applications have recently generated much interest in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) supporting quality-of-service (QoS) communications. Multiple non-interfering channels are available in 802.11 and 802.15 based wireless networks. Capacity of such channels can be combined to achieve higher QoS performance than for single channel networks. The capacity of MANETs can be substantially increased by equipping each network node with multiple interfaces that can operate on multiple non-overlapping channels. However, new scheduling, channel assignment, and routing protocols are required to utilize the increased bandwidth in multichannel MANETs. In this paper, we propose an on-demand routing protocol M-QoS-AODV in multichannel MANETs that incorporates a distributed channel assignment scheme and routing discovery process to support multimedia communication and to satisfy QoS bandwidth requirement. The proposed channel assignment scheme can efficiently express the channel usage and interference information within a certain range, which reduces interference and enhances channel reuse rate. This cross-layer design approach can significantly improve the performance of multichannel MANETs over existing routing algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed M-QoS-AODV protocol can effectively increase throughput and reduce delay, as compared to AODV and M-AODV-R protocols.     

Dynamic QoS Allocation for Multimedia Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose an approach to support QoS for multimedia applications in ad hoc wireless network. An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile stations forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized coordinator and is different from cellular networks which require fixed base stations interconnected by a wired backbone. It is useful for some special situations, such as battlefield communications and disaster recovery. The approach we provide uses CSMA/CA medium access protocol and additional reservation and control mechanisms to guarantee quality of service in ad hoc network system. The reason we choose CSMA protocol instead of other MAC protocols is that it is used in most of currently wireless LAN productions. Via QoS routing information and reservation scheme, network resources are dynamically allocated to individual multimedia application connections.     

QoS routing based on multi-class nodes for mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, we present a new quality of service (QoS) routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Most of the existing routing protocols assume homogeneous nodes in MANETs, i.e., all nodes have the same communication capabilities and characteristics. However, in many ad hoc networks, nodes are not the same. Some nodes have longer transmission range, larger transmission bandwidth, and are more reliable and robust than other nodes. We take advantage of the non-homogeneous property to design more efficient QoS routing protocol. And node location information is used to aid routing. We also develop a new algorithm to calculate end-to-end bandwidth for a given path. Our QoS routing protocol contains end-to-end bandwidth calculation and bandwidth reservation. QoS route is discovered and setup only when it is needed. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the good performance of the QoS routing protocol.     

Provably Secure On-Demand Source Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Routing is one of the most basic networking functions in mobile ad hoc networks. Hence, an adversary can easily paralyze the operation of the network by attacking the routing protocol. This has been realized by many researchers and several "secure" routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc networks. However, the security of those protocols has mainly been analyzed by informal means only. In this paper, we argue that flaws in ad hoc routing protocols can be very subtle, and we advocate a more systematic way of analysis. We propose a mathematical framework in which security can be precisely defined and routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks can be proved to be secure in a rigorous manner. Our framework is tailored for on-demand source routing protocols, but the general principles are applicable to other types of protocols too. Our approach is based on the simulation paradigm, which has already been used extensively for the analysis of key establishment protocols, but, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been applied in the context of ad hoc routing so far. We also propose a new on-demand source routing protocol, called endairA, and we demonstrate the use of our framework by proving that it is secure in our model     

移动自组网QoS路由协议研究

移动自组网是由一组带有无线收发装置的移动节点组成的一个多跳的临时性的自治系统。随着无线通信中多媒体业务的增加,在移动自组网中提供QoS(Quality of Sevice服务质量)保障具有越来越重要的意义,而QoS路由技术则是其中的核心技术和热点问题。文章指出移动自组网QoS路由的困难,对移动自组网典型QoS路由协议进行了详细的分析与比较,并对几种较新的移动自组网QoS路由协议进行了介绍,末了对移动自组网QoS路由协议的发展进行了展望。