多孔硫化镍中空亚微球的制备 及其超电容性能研究

以四水合乙酸镍为原料、硫代乙酰胺为沉淀剂和硫源,采用一步溶剂热法合成了介孔富有的多孔NiS中空亚微球。并采用XRD、FESEM、EDS、TEM、HRTEM、SAED、XPS和氮气吸脱附测试以及循环伏安(CV)、恒流充放电、交流阻抗等进行了材料表征和电化学性能测试。研究结果表明,所合成的NiS为介孔富有的多孔中空亚微球结构,且其尺寸大小较为均匀,壳层较薄。这种独特的多孔中空结构使得其作为超级电容器电池型正极材料时表现出优异的电化学性能:3 A·g~(-1)电流密度下的比容量值为155.4mA·h·g~(-1),20 A·g~(-1)电流密度下的比容量值仍然保持在92.9 mA·h·g~(-1),倍率容量保持率为59.8%,且在5 A·g~(-1)电流密度下5 000次循环后比容量仍可达115.3 mA·h·g~(-1),初始容量保持率为85.0%。     

MOF-5衍生碳作为水系锌离子复合电容器阴极储能性能研究

采用锌金属有机配合物(MOF-5)煅烧得到的多孔碳材料作为阴极材料,以锌箔作为阳极,硫酸锌中系水溶液作为电解液构建了锌离子复合电容器。在电化学性能测试中,锌离子复合电容器表现出了优异的电化学性能,如高放电比容量(在1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下放电比容量为55 mAh·g~(-1)),良好的倍率性能,高能量密度(46 Wh·kg~(-1)),优异的循环稳定性(在1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下进行8 000次充放电循环后,锌离子复合电容器的放电比容量保持率接近100%)。     

锂离子电池负极材料SnO_2掺杂石墨烯与多孔碳的改性研究

为改善SnO_2作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学表现性能,利用溶剂热法制备SnO_2纳米颗粒,通过球磨法将SnO_2与多孔导电碳和石墨烯掺杂制得SnO_2/石墨烯/多孔碳复合材料,并研究了掺杂不同比例多孔碳的复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明:含15.79%多孔碳的SnO_2/石墨烯/多孔碳复合材料性能最好,初始可逆容量达1 221 m Ah·g~(-1);拥有良好的循环稳定性,在200 m A·g~(-1)电流密度下循环50次后,放电容量维持在834 m Ah·g~(-1);在100,200,400,800,1 600 m A·g~(-1)电流密度下,放电容量分别为1 221,1 093,993,796,526 m Ah·g~(-1),表现出良好的倍率性能。适量的多孔碳结合层状石墨烯形成特殊的物理结构,强化了SnO_2在充放电过程中的结构稳定性,进而提高了其电化学循环稳定性;石墨烯/多孔碳复合材料的掺杂提高了锂离子电池负极材料SnO_2的导电性,同时提高了其电化学性能。     

Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2正极材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用一步草酸盐法制备Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2富锂层状正极材料,采用X射线衍射、感应耦合等离子炬(ICP)发射光谱仪、场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜和电化学分析技术对材料的组成、结构和电化学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明:制得的富锂层状正极材料呈不规则棒状,长度为2~4 mm,直径约200 nm;其化学计量精确、层状结构发育良好、阳离子分布混合度较低;在电流密度为20 m A/g条件下,其首次放电比容量为242.4 m A·h·g-1,首次库仑效率为74.9%;当电流密度增大到1 000 m A/g时,放电容量仍可高达98.8 m A·h·g-1;在电流密度为200 m A/g充放电100个循环后,其容量保持率为76.8%。     

聚吡咯包覆尖晶石LiMn_2O_4微球的合成及其电化学储锂性能

利用共沉淀法合成MnCO_3微球与Li_2CO_3进行固相反应制备了尖晶石LiMn_2O_4微球。通过吡咯在LiMn_2O_4表面上进行化学氧化聚合合成了聚吡咯包覆LiMn_2O_4微球(PPy@LiMn_2O_4)。聚吡咯包覆层不仅可以提高LiMn_2O_4微球的电子导电率,而且其本身像一个电容器。这种结构特点有利于提高LiMn_2O_4的容量,倍率性能和高倍率循环稳定性。通过循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)和恒流充放电等方法测试了电极材料的电化学性能,研究表明:PPy@LiMn_2O_4显示了比LiMn_2O_4微球更好的电化学储锂性能,包括高比容量(118.4 mA·h·g~(-1))、高倍率性能(5C,104.5 mA·h·g~(-1))。     

以稻壳为硅源纳米硅负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

以稻壳为硅源,在NaCl/KCl/AlCl_3的混合熔盐介质中,采用熔盐活化低温铝热还原法制备纳米硅样品,采用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜和电化学测试等技术对样品的组成、结构和电化学性能进行表征分析。结果表明:样品为纯相立方晶系硅,由粒径为100～300 nm的近球状团聚体组成,一次颗粒粒径为10～20 nm;纳米硅作为锂离子电池负极材料,表现出良好的综合电化学性能,电流密度为0.05 A·g~(-1)时,最大可逆容量为2 960 mAh·g~(-1),电流密度提高到2 A·g~(-1)时,可逆容量达1 930 mAh·g~(-1);在0.5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度循环200圈后,比容量仍高达1 769 mAh·g~(-1)。     

高比电容Mn-MOF材料的制备及其电化学性能

以四水合硝酸锰为锰源,以2,5-吡嗪二羧酸为配体,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中经由溶剂热反应合成了一系列金属有机骨架化合物材料Mn-PDC MOF。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和N₂吸脱附对Mn-PDC MOF进行了结构、形貌及比表面积与孔径分析,通过循环伏安和恒流充放电测试等电化学技术研究了Mn-PDC MOF的超电容性能。研究结果显示,合成时间为11 h的Mn-PDC-11表现出了较高的比电容,其在0.5 A/g的电流密度下比电容为383.8 F/g,且在1 A/g的电流密度下经500圈充放电循环之后,电化学比容量仍能达到原来的78%。     

纳米多孔SnSb合金在钠离子电池中的应用

采用化学脱合金法制备了具有纳米多孔结构的SnSb合金材料,并将其应用于钠离子电池的负极.电化学性能测试结果表明,与SnSb颗粒相比,这种具有孔道与韧带双连续结构的合金负极具有高的放电比容量、优良的循环性能和倍率性能.在50 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度下首次放电比容量为419.9 mAh·g~(-1);25次循环之后容量可达264.3 mAh·g~(-1);在150 mA·g~(-1)的放电倍率下,其放电比容量仍可达350.2 mAh·g~(-1).     

静电纺丝制备富锂锰基锂电正极材料及其性能

通过静电纺丝技术制备了具有一维管状结构的Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2正极材料,研究了煅烧温度对电极材料表面形貌和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,煅烧温度为850℃时所制产物具有较好的离子扩散性能,在50 m Ah·g~(-1)的电流密度下首次放电比容量为249.5 m Ah·g~(-1),50次循环后的容量保持率为87%,表现出较高的放电比容量和较好的循环稳定性.     

锂离子电池负极材料多孔硅/硅铁合金的制备及性能

为改善锂离子电池硅负极材料的电化学性能,利用镁热还原法制备了不同铁掺杂量的多孔硅/硅铁合金复合材料,并对其结构以及在锂离子电池中的充放电性能进行了研究.材料均呈现多孔结构,硅铁合金均匀分布在孔道内部.多孔硅/硅铁合金复合材料具有较好的循环稳定性,在0.1C倍率下循环100圈后可逆容量为1 133.5 m A·h/g,容量保持率为66%;在1C倍率下可逆容量仍可以达到776.9 m A·h/g.     

Graphene as a high-capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries

Graphene was produced via a soft chemistry synthetic route for lithium ion battery applications. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The electrochemical performances of graphene as anode material were measured by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. The experimental results showed that the graphene possessed a thin wrinkled paper-like morphology and large specific surface area (342 m²·g^?1). The first reversible specific capacity of the graphene was as high as 905 mA·h·g^?1 at a current density of 100 mA·g^?1. Even at a high current density of 1000 or 2000 mA·g^?1, the graphene maintained good cycling stability, indicating that it is a promising anode material for high-performance lithium ion batteries.     

以Mn3O4为锰源合成高性能LiMn2O4正极材料

以Mn3O4为锰源,采用固相反应法,在较低的温度(650℃)制得尖晶石LiMn2O4正极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安和恒流充放电等技术对其相组成、微结构和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明该正极材料结晶良好,一次粒径约为150 nm。它的电化学性能,尤其是循环性能,明显优越于在较高温度合成的LiMn2O4。在电流密度为74 mA?g-1时,测得比容量为128 mAh?g-1,在1 480 mA?g-1时,比容量为105 mAh?g-1;在室温、148 mA?g-1充放电200次循环后,容量保持率为93%。     

尖晶石型锰酸锂的复合掺杂改性

以固相烧结法制备的尖晶石型锰酸锂为基础,对其结构中掺杂复合非金属元素B和F,合成了B、F掺杂的尖晶石。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电化学分析方法对试样的晶体结构、表面形貌及电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,采用B、F包覆的锰酸锂与纯锰酸锂的X射线衍射结果相似,波峰尖锐且峰值高;随着B的掺入,尖晶石作为正极材料充放电的循环性能得到了提高,但是其初始容量较低,仅为102.3mA·h/g。随着加入复合非金属元素B和F,样品的初始容量提高到了110.9mA·h/g,50次循环后的容量保持率为83.14%。实验结果表明,复合掺杂有效提高了锰酸锂的电化学性能。     

Influence of Temperature on Electrochemical Performances of Rare Earth Based Hydrogen Storage Material

1 IntroductionRare earth-based hydrogenstorage alloys ofAB5typehave beenthe most major electrode material for small-sizeNi/MHbatteries because of their high discharge capacity,superior highrate capability andfavorable ratio of pricetoperformance. But their electrochemical performances be-come worse when the alloys are applied to large-size Ni/MHbatteries of electric vehicles .Thisfact may be due tothe rising of temperature inside the large batteries causedbythe high electric current of char…     

Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/（C＋Fe2P） composite cathode material synthesized by sol-gel method

A LiFePO4/(C+Fe2P) composite cathode material was prepared by a sol-gel method using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O,LiAc·H2O,NH4H2PO4 and citric acid as raw materials,and the physical properties and electrochemical performance of the composite cathode material were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and electrochemical tests.The Fe2P content,morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/(C+Fe2P) composite depend on the calcination tempera...     

Co-MOF Derived NiCo-LDH Three-Dimensional Nanostructure on Carbon Cloth for High-Performance Supercapacitors

A well-designed cobalt-based metal organic framework(Co-MOF)derived NiCo layered doubleh ydroxides(NiCo-LDH)three-dimensional porous nanostructures has been fabricated on carbon cloth(CC)b y the ion etching/exchange reaction method. The morphology and structure of the synthesized samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmissione lectron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). As an electrode,the optimalN iCo-LDH shows a hi...     

CuS Electrode for All-pH Electrolyte in Aqueous Batteries

With their excellent safety, affordability, environmental friendliness and high ionic conductivity, aqueous batteries are prospective contenders to replace lithium-ion batteries. However, the pH of aqueous electrolyte might impact the battery’s electrochemical performance and even its normal operation. It is critical to develop an electrode that can work in different pH settings. The hydrothermal method and vulcanization treatment were used to successfully create copper sulfide(CuS) nanosheet in...     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of TiO2-B as anode material

TiO₂-B was synthesized by solid-state reaction. The structures, surface morphologies and electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurement, respectively. The effects of calcining temperature, molar ratio of K₂O to TiO₂ and calcining time on the characteristics of TiO₂-B were investigated. The results show that the calcining time exerts a significant influence on the electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B. The TiO₂-B is obtained with good crystal structure and suitable size by using K₂Ti₄O₉, which is prepared at 950°C for 24 h under the condition of x(K₂O)/x(TiO₂)=1:3.5. The TiO₂-B delivers all initial discharge capacity of 231.6 mA·h/g. And the rate capacity is 73.2 mA·h/g at 1 675 mA/g, which suggests that TiO₂-B is a promising anode material for the lithium ion batteries.