透明超疏水玻璃表面的制备及性能研究

目的研究透明超疏水玻璃的制备及性能。方法以纳米二氧化硅和无水乙醇为原料制成半透明乳液,然后将乳液喷涂在玻璃表面,再通过接触角测试、透光率测试仪等手段对玻璃表面的性能进行研究。结果在玻璃基材表面构建了与水滴接触角高达158°±2°,滚动角低至1°的透明超疏水表面。当喷涂液中纳米二氧化硅的质量分数为1.5%时,获得的超疏水玻璃表面具有优异的防水性、抗污易清洁性和透明性。结论在玻璃基底上制备透明超疏水表面可以大大提高玻璃表面的防水、防污性,并使玻璃表面更易于清洁,有利于减少玻璃包装材料清洗时的用水量和洗涤剂用量,从而增强玻璃包装材料的生态环保效应。     

PVDF/SiO2/PDMS涂层超疏水纺织品性能

目的 针对普通纺织品材料防水性和防污性较差的问题,制备具有自清洁功能的超疏水涂层纺织品,并研究其性能.方法 以涤纶织物为基材,通过非溶剂诱导相分离法,使用聚偏氟乙烯和疏水纳米二氧化硅复合液在纺织品表面构筑微纳粗糙结构,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷对其进行疏水化处理,获得自清洁超疏水涂层纺织品.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量散射光谱和视频光学接触角测量仪等对其结构和性能进行表征,并通过机械摩擦、洗涤、酸/碱/盐溶液浸渍和紫外光照等方法对其表面超疏水稳定性进行考察.结果 当聚偏氟乙烯质量分数为2％,疏水纳米二氧化硅质量分数为0.4％,聚二甲基硅氧烷质量分数为1％时,制备的纺织品的表面接触角可达(162.2°±0.8°),滚动角达(2.0°±0.4°),具有优异的超疏水自清洁效应;经72 h酸/碱/盐溶液浸渍、196 h紫外光照、2500次摩擦和120次家庭水洗后,其表面接触角仍大于150°,表现出优异的超疏水稳定性.结论 采用简便的非溶剂相分离法制备的涂层纺织品具有优异的自清洁性能,并且其超疏水性能具有机械耐久性和化学稳定性,有望应用于纺织材料包装领域.     

疏水二氧化硅/聚苯乙烯超疏水复合涂层的简易制备及其防沾污性研究

采用喷枪及家用简易喷雾器在含有聚乙烯(PE)膜的纸张表面制备了含疏水二氧化硅纳米颗粒和聚苯乙烯的超疏水复合涂层。随着疏水二氧化硅纳米颗粒含量的增加,表面逐渐被二氧化硅颗粒覆盖,并且形成微纳米孔洞结构,达到超疏水性,并具有良好的耐粘附稳定性,水、牛奶和橙汁等液滴可从这些超疏水表面滚落而不残留,具有良好的防沾污能力。     

蜡质超疏水涂层的制备及其防粘附应用

在棕榈蜡/乙酸乙酯悬浊液中超声分散疏水性纳米二氧化硅制备蜡质超疏水涂料,用浸渍提拉法在玻璃片表面制备超疏水涂层。单因素实验考察棕榈蜡在乙酸乙酯中的浓度、疏水性纳米二氧化硅的添加量和干燥方式对疏水性能的影响,分析不同因素情况下的接触角、滚动角和防粘附性能。结果表明棕榈蜡在乙酸乙酯中的浓度为4g/100mL,纳米二氧化硅添加量占棕榈蜡质量的1/2,室温中自然干燥,涂层疏水性效果最佳,此条件下制备的超疏水涂层的接触角为150.60°,滚动角为6°。该涂层适用于不同的基材(如玻璃片、PE膜、BOPP膜的铝塑复合膜)。通过对酸奶粘附性的试验,发现涂层在各种基材表面表现出良好的防粘附性能,酸奶可在其上自由滚动。用热封时间作为指标,测试施加涂层后的热封性能,结果表明,涂层的施加不影响铝塑复合膜等耐高温材料的热封性。     

具有不同黏附力Al-Mg-Si合金超疏水表面的制备与表征

基于位错刻蚀理论利用溶液浸泡处理A1-Mg-Si合金在其表面形成微观粗糙表面结构,采用自组装技术在此表面制备FDTS自组装分子膜.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和表面粗糙度仪对试样表面形貌进行了表征;采用接触角测量仪对试样表面接触角进行了测量.结果表明,试样经溶液浸泡处理和沉积自组装分子膜后,其表面润湿性实现了由亲水到超亲水再到超疏水的转变;改变溶液浸泡时间得到具有不同微观结构的表面,沉积自组装分子膜后得到的超疏水表面具有不同的滚动接触角,其表面黏附力具有明显差异.分析认为,超疏水表面的获得是溶液浸泡处理得到的粗糙表面结构和低表面能物质FDTS自组装分子膜共同作用的结果;表面黏附力的差异是试样表面微观形貌的不同造成水滴在其表面所处状态的差异引发的.     

喷涂法一步制备绿色超疏水白卡纸

目的 为改变纸张表面与水之间的相互作用,提高纸包装材料的抗水性,扩大纸包装的应用范围.方法 采用 γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)对纳米二氧化硅进行疏水改性,然后将改性后的纳米二氧化硅喷涂在白卡纸表面.采用扫描电镜和X射线能谱对喷涂处理后白卡纸的表面形貌和元素组成进行分析,并对其性能进行考察.结果 喷涂后的白卡纸表面具有微纳粗糙结构,表面接触角为156.3°,滚动角为3.5°,具备了超疏水性能.制备的超疏水白卡纸具有优良的自清洁、防污、耐酸碱、耐高低温和牢固度等性能.结论 制备的超疏水白卡纸可用于多种包装场景,大大扩展了白卡纸的应用范围,并且制备过程操作简单,易于实现工业化.     

基于纳米Si02的透明疏水表面制备与抑霜性能研究

在自然对流条件下对竖直放置的透明超疏水表面和无修饰玻璃表面可视化结霜研究.结果表明,纳米二氧化硅在表面形成了几百纳米的纳米聚集团,使得表面凹凸不平,这种结构与荷叶表面的均有类似的微纳粗糙结构,制备出的表面最大接触角为153.1°,表面具有超疏水特性;在不同粒径下研究发现随着纳米二氧化硅粒径的降低其接触角是逐渐增大的;涂...     

锡青铜表面超疏水薄膜的制备及其水润滑减摩性能

为了改善锡青铜在水润滑条件下的摩擦性能,在其表面以1％氟硅烷乙醇溶液制备了超疏水薄膜.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了超疏水薄膜的表面形貌,测量了其接触角;在CETRUMT-2球-盘摩擦磨损试验机上考察了超疏水薄膜水润滑下的减摩性能.结果表明:锡青铜表面刻蚀并成膜后形成了粗糙的微纳复合结构,刻蚀40 min表面接触角可达151.1°,具备超疏水性能;超疏水薄膜在水润滑下具有较低的摩擦系数,可有效降低摩擦副的磨损.     

氧化锌超疏水薄膜的制备及其耐久性

为了提高氧化锌(ZnO)纳米疏水膜层在实际应用中的耐久性能,采用水热法在铝基底表面制备出微纳米结构的ZnO超疏水薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测量仪对所得ZnO薄膜的成分、微观结构及润湿性能进行分析;利用UMT摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的摩擦性能和机械疏水耐久度进行研究;并用CHI660E电化学工作站对超疏水试样在海水中的耐腐蚀性能进行测量分析。结果表明:制备的微纳米结构ZnO薄膜具有超疏水性,在未经低表面能物质改性的情况下,对水的静态接触角高达152°,滚动角仅为2°;摩擦磨损测试表明该薄膜在经过2 400磨损周期后仍能保持较高的静态接触角;电化学阻抗谱和Tafel曲线测试表明,该薄膜的确降低了铝在海水中的腐蚀速率,缓蚀率高达93.8%。     

透明超疏水表面的制备与抑霜性能研究

本文介绍了一种透明超疏水表面的制备方法,并在冷表面温度(-3～5℃)、相对湿度(20％～60％)下研究了其抑霜性能.结果表明:用纳米二氧化硅和聚二甲基硅氧烷制备的透明超疏水玻璃表面的最大接触角可达到154.1°,透光性能良好;在自然对流条件下竖直放置的超疏水玻璃表面有良好的抑霜效果,形成的霜层先是呈麦穗状,后期呈无规则...     

聚乙烯薄膜防雾涂层的制备与性能研究

目的 制备一种新型环保、综合性能优异的高透明防雾涂层,解决生鲜食品的塑料包装薄膜极易发生雾化的问题。方法 通过溶液共混法将聚乙烯醇（Polyvinyl Alcohol,PVA）和海藻酸钠（Sodium Alginate,SA）混合制备PVA-SA防雾涂料,并利用刮涂法将其涂覆于PE薄膜表面,以制备防雾涂层。测试分析涂层的组成,以及对薄膜防雾性能的影响,并使用分子动力学模拟软件分析水分子在不同界面的运动行为,探究PVA-SA涂层的防雾机理。结果 经过测试分析发现,采用质量分数为2.78%的PVA和0.84%的SA制备的涂层展现出最佳的防雾效果,且该涂层具有超亲水性,其水接触角低至7.8°,所制备涂覆膜的平均透光率高达93.2%,平均雾度仅为3.44%,该涂覆膜在热雾中表现出高透明度,且对奶油草莓具有良好的保鲜效果。在模拟分析中发现,水滴与涂层间的平均结合能为水滴与薄膜的结合能的57倍。结论 PVA-SA涂层具有高透明性,在不影响薄膜原有透明性的同时有助于增强薄膜的润湿性,可以对生鲜食品起到很好的保鲜作用。采用模拟分析剖析了亲水涂层的防雾机理,结果表明该涂层材料在保鲜包装薄膜的防雾功能化应...     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic and oleophobic zinc coating on steel surface

In this work, a simple method, including electrodeposition and chemical modification, for fabrication of a superhydrophobic and oleophobic coating on steel substrate is reported. The surface morphology of this coating showed concave structure, and the contact angles of water and glycerol on this coating surface were about 153.57° and 149.32°, respectively. In addition, the water droplet was easy to roll on this coating surface, and the sliding angle was smaller than 10°. The contact angle of the water/ethanol droplet with different surface tension, from 56 to 36?mN?m^?1, was also >130° on this coating surface, indicating this as superhydrophobic and oleophobic coating surface with good lyophobicity. Moreover, this coating surface had excellent non-sticking property for the water droplet under a certain external pressure, self-cleaning property and long-term stability.     

Superhydrophobic optically transparent silica films formed with a eutectic liquid

A eutectic liquid (choline chloride and urea) that served as a templating agent in sol-gel processing was used to prepare thin silica films on glass microscope slides. Subsequent extraction of the eutectic liquid yielded a film with a rough surface. After treating the film surface with a fluoroalkyl silane, the surface became superhydrophobic with a contact angle ∼ 170° and a contact angle hysteresis < 10°. The optical transmittance of the film coated on the glass slide was comparable to that of the microscope glass slide. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the surface structures; a tipless probe allowed measurement of the force of interaction with superhydrophobic surfaces. The interaction force between the AFM probe and the superhydrophobic surface was reduced greatly compared to that between the probe and the flat surface treated with fluoroalkyl silane.     

Morphologies and Superhydrophobicity of Hybrid Film Surfaces Based on Silica and Fluoropolymer

Fluoropolymer and different kinds of silica particles were used for controlling surface chemistry and morphology, respectively. A superhydrophobic surface originated from strawberry-like or quincunx-shaped composite silica particles was obtained. The dual size particles are obtained by utilizing the graft of different modified silica particles with epoxy functional group and amine functional group, This makes the surface of film form a composite interface to have irregular binary structure which plays an essential role in trapping air between the substrate surface and the liquid droplets to be necessary for high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis. The maximum contact angle for water on the hybrid film is about 174±2° and the contact angle hysteresis is less than 2°. The surface morphologies, roughness and the wettability on the surface of films containing different structural silica particles were compared. It was shown that the hierarchical irregularly structure with a low roughness factor and high air-trapped ratio is indispensable for superhydrophobic surface. Although this structural surfaces based on composite silica particles play a vital role in governing the surface wettability, it is necessary to combine with a low surface energy to make the surface superhydrophobic.     

One-pot preparation of fluorinated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for liquid marble formation and superhydrophobic surfaces

One-pot synthesis of fluorinated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSNs) is reported. Uniform mesoporous nanoparticles are prepared by condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and fluoroalkyl containing organotriethoxy silane monomers, respectively. The method enables selective deposition of fluorine atoms on the surface of the particles. FMSNs are used to prepare stable liquid marbles with water. An organo-modified silica sol is used with FMSNs to prepare mechanically stable superhydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle of 161°). The mechanical stability of the surface is investigated with water dripping and adhesive tape tests. The prepared FMSNs are promising building blocks for robust, large-area, and multifunctional self-cleaning surfaces.     

聚乳酸/茶多酚复合包装膜的制备及性能

目的 对比不同制备方法对复合包装膜性能的影响,以获取具有优良保鲜性能的食品包装膜及其制备方法.方法 以可降解生物材料聚乳酸(PLA)为基材,掺杂茶多酚(TP)活性物质,分别采用静电纺丝法和流延法制备不同质量比的PLA/TP复合包装膜,通过扫描电镜、接触角测试、溶胀性测试、水蒸气透过性测试及抗氧化性测试分析薄膜的形貌和理化性能,并对2种方法制备的复合膜的TP释放行为和草莓保鲜性能进行对比分析.结果 流延膜呈致密多孔结构,纺丝膜呈多层纳米纤维叠加结构;2种复合膜的接触角均随TP质量分数的增加而减小,当TP质量分数从0％增加至20％时,流延膜的接触角从62.70°±3.09°减小至44.08°±2.24°,呈亲水性,纺丝膜的接触角从124.39°±1.69°减小至112.90°±2.42°,呈疏水性,且流延膜的水蒸气透过量随TP质量分数增加而增大,当TP质量分数为20％时,水蒸气透过量增大至(396.93±16.36)g/(m2·d);纺丝膜的溶胀性远高于流延膜,当TP质量分数为20％时,纺丝膜的溶胀率高达347.63°±5.36°,流延膜的溶胀率仅为13.36°±0.56°;随着TP质量分数增加,流延膜和纺丝膜的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率均逐渐提高,最高分别达(89.76±1.4)％和(97.26±1.25)％;2种膜中TP的释放行为均符合先快后慢的规律,且随着TP质量分数增加而增大,不同流延膜在720 h后累积释放百分比范围为50％～85％,纺丝膜在240 h后基本释放完全,累积释放百分比为75％～95％;流延膜比纺丝膜对草莓的保鲜效果更优,分别将草莓的货架寿命延长至18 d和9 d.结论 流延法制备的复合膜具有亲水性、高水蒸气透过性、高抗氧化性能和优异缓释性能,能有效延长草莓的货架寿命至18 d;纺丝膜制备的复合膜具有疏水性、高溶胀率、优异抗氧化性能,但释放速率快,能有效延长草莓的货架寿命至9 d.     

Superhydrophobic films on glass surface derived from trimethylsilanized silica gel nanoparticles

The paper deals with the fabrication of sol-gel-derived superhydrophobic films on glass based on the macroscopic silica network with surface modification. The fabricated transparent films were composed of a hybrid -Si(CH(3))(3)-functionalized SiO(2) nanospheres exhibiting the desired micro/nanostructure, water repellency, and antireflection (AR) property. The wavelength selective AR property can be tuned by controlling the physical thickness of the films. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies revealed the existence of SiO(2) nanoparticles of average size ～9.4 nm in the sols. TEM studies showed presence of interconnected SiO(2) NPs of ～10 nm in size. The films were formed with uniformly packed SiO(2) aggregates as observed by FESEM of film surface. FTIR of the films confirmed presence of glasslike Si-O-Si bonding and methyl functionalization. The hydrophobicity of the surface was depended on the thickness of the deposited films. A critical film thickness (>115 nm) was necessary to obtain the air push effect for superhydrophobicity. Trimethylsilyl functionalization of SiO(2) and the surface roughness (rms ≈30 nm as observed by AFM) of the films were also contributed toward the high water contact angle (WCA). The coated glass surface showed WCA value of the droplet as high as 168 ± 3° with 6 μL of water. These superhydrophobic films were found to be stable up to about 230-240 °C as confirmed by TG/DTA studies, and WCA measurements of the films with respect to the heat-treatment temperatures. These high water repellant films can be deposited on relatively large glass surfaces to remove water droplets immediately without any mechanical assistance.