表面活性剂在湿法烟气脱硫除尘中的应用

讨论了石灰-抛弃法脱硫机理,表面活性剂脱硫除尘机理及其在脱硫除尘一体化装置中的应用。实验结果表明,添加表面活性剂不仅对单独的脱硫和除尘装置有效,而且对脱硫除尘一体化装置也能达到提高脱硫和除尘效率的目的。     

化工粉尘的湿式除尘设备研究

在分析湿除尘器及化工产品粉尘产生原因的基础上，开发设计出筛板水膜除尘器，该除尘器的显著特点是带孔筛板塔集气液传质于一体，大幅度提高了除尘效率和处理通量，结构简单实用，解决了传统填料塔易堵、效率低的难题，有效回收了细粒产品，操作简单，经济社会效益显著。     

表面活性雾滴联合金属网栅增效除尘

为进一步探索新型高效的复合式湿式除尘方法,基于表面活性剂增效润湿、喷雾降尘、水膜捕尘理论,构建了喷雾协同金属网栅除尘试验装置,通过对表面活性溶液性质的测试,优选出AES、LAB-35、X-100共三种活性剂进行试验,探究风速、喷雾压力、网孔目数、网栅层数和粉尘浓度对除尘性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：除尘效率随着风速增大呈现先逐渐升高、后缓慢下降的趋势,当风速为0.8m/s时达到峰值;随着目数、层数、喷雾压力增加,除尘效率有所升高,同时导致系统阻力或耗水量的增加,需要综合平衡;入口粉尘浓度的增大致使除尘效率先增大然后降低,当浓度为400mg/m³时,效率最高达96.74%;三种表面活性雾滴中,0.4%LAB-35雾滴除尘效率最高,其次为0.4%AES雾滴,最低为0.4%X-100雾滴。综上,与纯水喷雾联合金属网栅除尘相比,表面活性喷雾具有较好的增效作用,能够为新型湿式除尘设备的研发提供参考。     

文氏栅洗涤器除尘脱硫实验研究

采用双碱法脱硫技术 ,在自行设计的多通道文丘里洗涤器 (简称文氏栅洗涤器 )进行模拟燃煤烟气的除尘脱硫试验。其试验过程是 :先在三种不同喉部参数 (分别称为 1# ,2 # ,3 # )的文氏栅洗涤器进行除尘试验 ,经过优选后 ,在 2 #文氏栅洗涤器上进行脱硫试验。试验结果表明经过优选的 2 #文氏栅洗涤器有着较高的除尘脱硫效率。当文氏栅洗涤器的运行参数为 :pH =12、液气比为 0 .75L/m3、 [Na+ ]=0 .3mol/L、 [SO2 ]=12 0 0× 10 -6,文氏栅洗涤器的除尘效率大于 96 % ,脱硫效率大于 80 %。经过完善后可用作中小型燃煤锅炉烟气的除尘脱硫     

表面活性剂驱室内评价实验研究

三次采油是油藏水驱开发之后提高原油采收率的重要途径,表面活性剂驱是三次采油技术中的重要组成部分,对提高高温高盐油藏采收率起到了较好的效果;表面活性剂通过降低油水界面张力或改变储层岩石润湿性来提高洗油效率,表面活性剂溶液的浓度、注入倍数、注入时机直接影响原油最终采收率,结合实际区块岩石,通过室内表面活性剂驱替实验优选出表面活性剂以及相应的注入参数,应用于该油田区块,原油递减趋势明显变缓,增油效果很好。     

PCB湿式脱硫除尘器的研究

由于煤泥粒度细,干燥后气固分离过程中,不可避免会出现大量灰尘,必须对灰尘进行捕捉和分离;同时由于采用火力干燥,排放尾气必须经脱硫处理,才能保证尾气排放符合国家环保规定,因此除尘脱硫系统起着至关重要的作用。依据除尘脱硫系统在国内外的研究现状,研制出了一种新型湿式脱硫除尘器。该除尘器采用湿式石灰石-石膏脱硫工艺脱硫,其脱硫基本原理为烟气所含SO2与生石灰浆液混合、反应、中和。工业应用表明:该除尘器结构简单,成本低,脱硫除尘效率较高,运行稳定,除尘效率达到97.8%,脱硫效率达到89%,设备阻力小于1 100 Pa,满足了烟尘排放标准,达到了干燥后气体的环保排放要求。     

利用表面活性剂改善粘胶过滤性能

通过对影响粘胶过滤性能原因的分析及表面活性剂对粘胶生产过程多方面的改善，导出表面活性剂改善粘胶过滤性能的原因和结果。     

阳离子表面活性剂对不同纤维吸附性能的研究

讨论了阳离子表面活性剂－双十八烷基二在氯化铵在棉的确良,尼龙和真丝等织物上的吸附量与ｐＨ,浓度,温度等因素条件下的研究,其吸附量顺序为真丝〉尼龙〉棉〉的确良。     

Simultaneous treatment of dye wastewater and surfactant wastewater by foam separation: Experimental and mesoscopic simulation study

Foam separation for simultaneous removal of rhodamine B (RhB) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)/sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) from model wastewater was studied. The effect of the surfactant type, aeration rate, temperature, and initial pH on the removal efficiency and enrichment ratio of dye/surfactant were investigated. The results indicated that electrostatic attraction between the dye and surfactant have a great effect on the recovery of the dye and surfactant. The aeration rate has significant influence on the CTAB and RhB removal and enrichment, while the initial pH has a great effect on the RhB removal, but little effect on CTAB removal. Moreover, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) was employed to simulate the interaction between the surfactant and the dye.     

非离子表面活性剂对超细粉的分散作用

商品超细粉团聚现象严重，湿法球磨亦无法破坏粉体的团聚结构．非离子表面活性剂可有效地破坏团聚体，使粉体颗粒在纯水中高度分散，是一种理想的超细粉分散剂．     

Diffusion and electric charge contributions to below-cloud wet removal of atmospheric ultra-fine aerosol particles

Ultra-fine particles (UFP) or aerosols with diameter are produced in the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) by nucleation or by direct emission from various sources. This study describes a method to calculate the UFP below-cloud scavenging coefficient (L), applicable in numerical modeling of environmental aerosols under rainy conditions. Results illustrate the UFP scavenging dependence on aerosol diameter, rainfall intensity and average electric charge. The electric charge effect on UFP scavenging is treated for strongly electrified clouds and the results are applicable to rain events associated mainly with thunderstorms. It is shown that for the UFP diameter range, L decreases significantly with aerosol diameter, increases with the rainfall rate R, and increases with the average raindrop and aerosol electric charge. Model estimations of the UFP 0.5-folding time and the fraction scavenged under a wide range of conditions are presented and discussed.     

后置石英砂滤池强化UBAF生物过滤效果的试验研究

因气水同向流,在升流式曝气生物滤池(UBAF)运行中,滤料表面脱落的生物膜易随出水流出,影响出水水质。利用后置石英砂滤池的截滤能力,可有效截留UBAF出水中夹带的细小悬浮物和微型生物,提升出水水质。试验表明,后置石英砂滤池可使UBAF工艺对污水中COD、NH3-N、SS、色度等污染指标的去除率均有提高。     

基于振动混流原理的油页岩风选除尘技术研究

为解决油页岩干馏后页岩油中粒径0.2 mm以下粉尘、杂质难分离而影响油品质的问题,试验利用风选选煤系统,对干馏前的油页岩进行风选除尘处理,通过调节风量大小以及更换风选筛网的形式,研究了不同条件下风选试验系统的除尘效果。试验结果表明:油页岩风选除尘试验系统能够完成选煤条件,除尘效率可达91%以上;风选效果因筛选条件不同而有所不同,在本试验条件下,筛网类型为10 mm×10 mm方孔筛,对应风量值为4 767.2 m~3/h时除尘效率达到最大值。     

超重力旋转床微米级粉尘脱除实验研究

以超重力旋转床作为除尘设备,用超细滑石粉模拟工业微米级粉尘,考察旋转床除尘的分离效率和设备压降.在气量500～700 m~3/h、液量0.6～1.0 m~3/h、转速560～1 400 r/min、平面丝网层数为3的条件下,除尘总效率均大于97%,设备总体压降不超过490 Pa.超重力旋转床相对于其他除尘设备,显示了高效除尘和低压降性能.     

Experimental study of wet flue gas desulphurization with a novel type PCF device

Scrubbers are being widely used to remove the dust, sulphur dioxide and other harmful gases from coal-fired boilers. In this paper, a novel ‘wet-type’ desulphurization absorber, the PCF device (Chinese LOGO), was developed and studied through an experimental method. The mixture of air and SO₂ was used as simulated flue gas and CaCO₃-in-water suspension was used as absorbent. The results show that the PCF device has a good overall performance for FGD. Under moderate conditions employed, the content of SO₂ in outlet flue gas can achieve a level much lower than that permitted, while the pressure drop is very small due to co-flows in preliminarily treating chamber and no venturi structure in inlet tube. Guide plates and self-excitation chamber can improve the SO₂ removal efficiency by intensifying the mass-transfer and second purification. Some feasible process parameters are as follows: slurry pH value = 5.6-6.0, liquid-gas ratio = 8.7-10.4 L/m³, superficial gas velocity in inner cylinder = 3.5-4.5 m/s, and addition of Cl⁻ (in the form of CaCl₂) to the slurry (25 g/L) decreased the degree of SO₂ removal about 13.12%.     

Enhanced degradation of organic wastewater containing p-nitrophenol by a novel wet electrocatalytic oxidation process: Parameter optimization and degradation mechanism

This paper explored a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP) for wastewater treatment—wet electrocatalytic oxidation (WEO), which introduced a small current into wet air oxidation (WAO) to promote the formation of hydroxyl radical and accelerate the oxidation of organic pollutants. The results showed that this novel process could couple the advantages of both WAO and electrochemical oxidation (EO). The effects of major operational factors of WEO were studied at relatively moderate condition (T = 100–160 °C, C = 1000 mg L⁻¹, P_O2 = 4 TOD, P_N2 = 0.50 MPa, current density = 0–7.08 mA cm⁻² and pH 2.7–10.6) aiming to p-nitrophenol (PNP) degradation, TOC and COD removal. The cost-effective operational parameters were found and the current efficiencies were highly beyond 100% with the maximum value of 386%. The degradation mechanism of WEO was carefully studied based on the formation of free radical. After the detail analysis of Hammett theory and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), the reaction pathway of hydroxyl radical with PNP was analyzed with the help of Gaussian 03W and the probable degradation pathway of PNP by WEO was deduced.     

Experimental study of pleated fabric cartridges in a pulse-jet cleaned dust collector

Six pleated filter cartridges with different base media and geometrical dimensions were tested in a full-size dust collector periodically cleaned by a short burst of pulse-jet. The evaluation was performed under two different cleaning modes called clean-on-demand (to clean the filter once the pressure drop reaches a preset value) and clean-on-time (to clean the filter at a fixed time interval). The filter performance was evaluated by the effective residual pressure drop and downstream particle concentration. The results showed that the pleat ratio, defined as the ratio of pleat height to pleat pitch, had a great influence on the preferred operating mode for cleaning the filter. Clean-on-time mode demonstrated better performance for filters with a high pleat ratio (> 4.0), while clean-on-demand mode performed better for filters with a low pleat ratio (< 4.0). The test results also showed the tank pressure was critical for cleaning the pleated filter cartridges, whereas the pulse duration only had a small effect on the cleaning efficiency. With the same base media, cartridges with surface treatment such as fine fiber were superior to those without surface treatment. Pulse-jet cleaning could also promote particle penetration through filter media. The downstream particle concentration during cleaning was at least twice of that during filtration process for all pleated filter cartridges tested. Further, the downstream particle concentration was independent of the applied cleaning mode and the cleaning intensity in this study.