太阳能跨季节储热供热系统试验分析

介绍了一种太阳能-土壤源热泵联合供热系统,对其运行试验数据进行了分析,并对其运行能效比与两种单独由土壤源热泵供热的模式进行了比较。土壤温度的变化不仅与取热速率有关,还与地温的自动恢复能力相关。该试验建筑所在的土壤条件下地温的恢复能力为30～40MJ/d。采用太阳能-土壤源热泵联合系统能效比最高,土壤源热泵单机组双供系统次之,而土壤源热泵单机组单供系统能效比最低。太阳能跨季节储热及土壤源热泵联合供热系统适用于热负荷远大于冷负荷的建筑。     

西部高寒地区太阳能-地源热泵联合供热系统分析

为研究太阳能-地源热泵联合供热系统在西部高寒地区应用的可行性,以榆林市一典型农村住宅为例,利用TRNSYS (Transient System Simulation Program,瞬时系统模拟程序)软件对联合供热系统进行模拟研究。研究结果表明：PV/T-GSHP (Photovoltaic/Thermal-Ground Source Heat Pump,光伏/光热-地源热泵)联合供热系统、 ST-GSHP (Solar Thermal-Ground Source Heat Pump,太阳热能-地源热泵)联合供热系统在第20年末的土壤温度相比初始温度分别仅升高1.51℃,1.89℃,传统GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump,地源热泵)供热系统则降低了3.09℃,年平均系统性能系数分别为4.39, 4.62和3.03; ST-GSHP系统与PV/TGSHP系统、 GSHP系统和燃煤、燃气、燃油、电热锅炉所消耗的一次能源消耗量相比分别节约5%, 36%, 60%, 50%, 34%和49%。2种联合供热系统在该地区均取得较好的供热效果,但ST-GSHP系统供暖模式的运...     

寒冷地区户用大平板太阳能集热器-空气源热泵系统性能研究

针对太阳能难以单独稳定供暖和空气源热泵供暖成本高的问题，提出空气源热泵辅助太阳能稳定供暖构想，在甘肃省兰州市七里河区魏岭乡绿化村研发搭建大平板太阳能集热器-空气源热泵系统，对比研究晴天、多云和阴天3种典型工况下大平板太阳能集热器的集热效率、太阳能热泵和空气源热泵COP、太阳能保证率、系统总供热量和系统能效比等性能参数。结果表明：晴天、多云和阴天系统集热效率分别为44.9%、38.7%和20.6%,3种工况下太阳能热泵COP均为4.0，空气源热泵COP分别为3.5、3.3和3.1，太阳能保证率分别为38.1%、32.3%和12.9%，系统全天供热量分别为142.52、135.22和120.96 kWh，系统能效比分别为3.5、3.4和2.7。研究结果证明大平板太阳能集热器-空气源热泵系统用于寒冷地区单体建筑供暖的可行性，可为寒冷地区农村单体建筑的供暖提供一种新途径。     

光伏/光热联合空气源热泵系统的性能研究

为了改善传统光伏发电系统的运行性能,提出了一种光伏/光热(PV/T)联合空气源热泵系统,介绍了该系统的工作原理和运行方式,研究了该系统的综合性能评价方法,然后利用TRNSYS瞬时系统模拟软件建立了该系统的仿真模型,并以重庆地区为例,对比分析了PV/T联合空气源热泵系统与单一光伏发电系统的组件表面温度、热效率、电效率、?效率和一次能源节约效率。研究结果表明：1) PV/T组件表面温度与光伏组件表面温度的变化趋势较为一致,二者的平均值相差13℃,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统可以有效降低光伏组件表面温度;2) PV/T联合空气源热泵系统和光伏发电系统的平均电效率分别为11.40%和9.86%,相对提高了15.62%,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统能够获得更多的电能;3) PV/T联合空气源热泵系统和光伏发电系统的?效率平均值分别为11.73%和8.94%,相对提高了31.21%,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统能够获得更多的可用能;4) PV/T联合空气源热泵系统的平均一次能源节约效率为50.94%,其总体变化趋势与热效率的变化趋势相似。     

基于外墙的建筑光伏热电集成系统研究进展

建设以太阳能为核心能源的绿色建筑，对应用于外墙的建筑光伏热电集成（BIPV/T）系统的技术发展进行分析，主要分为BIPV/T-空气冷却型系统、BIPV/T-水冷却型系统和BIPV/T-热泵系统三类，重点介绍建筑外墙集成PV/T系统的设计及其对发电、围护结构的热工性能和建筑供暖和制冷的能耗的影响。应用于建筑时，该集成系统既能够输出太阳能绿色电力供应和太阳能绿色供热，又能显著提高太阳能利用效率，降低建筑的冷热负荷。     

一种地源热泵-BIPV/T耦合系统的研究

本文在对目前国内外光伏光热建筑一体化(BIPV/T)系统、地源热泵-光伏光热(PV/T)耦合系统的研究现状和发展方向进行综述及分析的基础上,针对当前建筑外围护结构中光伏可利用面积较大却未被完全利用及阴雨天光伏余热供应不足的问题,提出了一种将地源热泵技术与BIPV/T系统相结合的耦合系统,即地源热泵-BIPV/T耦合系统...     

太阳能联合空气源热泵系统温室供热实验研究

在西安地区一座日光温室中采用太阳能联合空气源热泵供热系统进行对比实验研究,比较太阳能联合空气源热泵系统改善温室内的温度、湿度及土壤温度等环境因素,分析评价太阳能联合空气源热泵系统在日光温室冬季应用的效果。实验结果表明:太阳能联合空气源热泵供热系统不仅可明显提高温室内的空气温度和土壤温度,还可有效降低温室内的湿度;在实验天气条件下,热泵单独供热时,系统的COP为2.2~3.5;太阳能联合空气源热泵供热时,系统的COP为2.9~6.0;相比于阴天工况,晴天条件下,太阳能蓄热供热时间较长,热泵补充供热时间缩短,系统COP较高。     

光伏直驱PV/T双源热泵热水系统性能研究

针对传统太阳能光伏光热PV/T双源热泵存在的热力性能差、能量损耗大等问题,提出一种光伏直驱PV/T双源热泵制热水系统(太阳能+空气源),并对系统进行实验研究。结果表明,在室外平均环境温度27.9℃、平均太阳辐射强度691.1 W/m²的夏天户外实验工况下,系统运行约4 h,将250 L 26.5℃的水加热到目标温度55℃,热泵平均COP为8.83。实验期间,PV/T光伏组件的平均温度比同样工况下的纯参比光伏组件温度降低9.8℃,光电性能相对提高17.53%。     

一种基于微热管阵列的太阳能PV/T热泵系统能效实验研究

为了提高PV/T装置的太阳能利用效率,文章提出了一种基于微热管阵列的太阳能PV/T热泵系统,并在恒温供热条件下分析了该系统中PV/T收集器的热、电性能和热泵COP的全天变化趋势,最后将PV/T收集器的电性能与单一光伏发电系统进行对比分析。分析结果表明:在测试时间段内,PV/T收集器的平均热效率为38.7%;PV/T收集器的平均电效率为12%,比单一光伏发电系统提升了27.7%;PV/T收集器的光热光电综合平均效率为70.3%;热泵的平均COP为2.7。     

太阳能光伏光热一体化PV/T组件的实验研究

为提高太阳能的综合利用效率及光伏组件的可靠性,设计并搭建了空气型太阳能光伏光热PV/T组件的实验测试平台,并对常规PV组件和空气型PV/T组件的转化效率进行了实验测试,测试结果表明:以空气为传热介质的PV/T组件在被动循环情况下,组件的板温下降约8℃,比普通PV组件的电效率提高约0.1%,PV/T组件通风后的热效率在25%左右,综合效率最高可达72%。分析结果可为空气型PV/T组件的结构优化和建筑供暖提供参考。     

Advancement in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid collector technology

This article presents an overview on the research and development and application aspects for the hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector systems. A major research and development work on the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) hybrid technology has been done since last 30 years. Different types of solar thermal collector and new materials for PV cells have been developed for efficient solar energy utilization. The solar energy conversion into electricity and heat with a single device (called hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collector) is a good advancement for future energy demand. This review presents the trend of research and development of technological advancement in photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar collectors and its useful applications like as solar heating, water desalination, solar greenhouse, solar still, photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump/air-conditioning system, building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) and solar power co-generation.     

一种多功能光伏发电系统的可行性研究

通过在光伏组件的背面连接了一个热电转换模块,形成一个光伏一热电混合模块,从而将光伏组件工作过程中产生的废热转换成电能的同时又降低了光伏组件的温度,进而提高了光电转换效率。将光伏一热电模块与百叶有效结合,从而实现了室内采光、通风及节约空间等多种功能。同时,为了提高光伏组件的入射太阳辐射,引入了可调节的抛物型双面聚焦板,减少了太阳能电池板的面积,从而减少了太阳能发电的成本。     

Energy performance of water hybrid PV/T collectors applied to combisystems of Direct Solar Floor type

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) modules in buildings allows one to consider a multifunctional frame and then to reduce the cost by substitution of components. In order to limit the rise of the cell operating temperature, a photovoltaics/thermal (PV/T) collector combines a solar water heating collector and PV cells. The recovered heat energy can be used for heating systems and domestic hot water. A combination with a Direct Solar Floor is studied. Its low operating temperature level is appropriate for the operating conditions of the mono- or poly-crystalline photovoltaic modules which are selected in that study. However, for a system including a glass covered collector and localised in Mâcon area in France, we show that the annual photovoltaic cell efficiency is 6.8% which represents a decrease of 28% in comparison with a conventional non-integrated PV module of 9.4% annual efficiency. This is obviously due to a temperature increase related to the cover. On the other hand, we show that without a glass cover, the efficiency is 10% which is 6% better than a standard module due to the cooling effect.Moreover, in the case of a glazed PV/T collector with a conventional control system for Direct Solar Floor, the maximum temperature reached at the level of the PV modules is higher than 100 °C. This is due to the oversize of the collectors during the summer when the heating needs are null, i.e. without a heated swimming pool for example. This temperature level does not allow the use of EVA resin (ethylene vinyl acetate) in PV modules due to strong risks of degradation. The current solution consists of using amorphous cells or, if we do not enhance the thermal production, uncovered PV/T collector. Further research led to water hybrid PV/T solar collectors as a one-piece component, both reliable and efficient, and including the thermal absorber, the heat exchanger and the photovoltaic functions.     

Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar systems

We present test results on hybrid solar systems, consisting of photovoltaic modules and thermal collectors (hybrid PV/T systems). The solar radiation increases the temperature of PV modules, resulting in a drop of their electrical efficiency. By proper circulation of a fluid with low inlet temperature, heat is extracted from the PV modules keeping the electrical efficiency at satisfactory values. The extracted thermal energy can be used in several ways, increasing the total energy output of the system. Hybrid PV/T systems can be applied mainly in buildings for the production of electricity and heat and are suitable for PV applications under high values of solar radiation and ambient temperature. Hybrid PV/T experimental models based on commercial PV modules of typical size are described and outdoor test results of the systems are presented and discussed. The results showed that PV cooling can increase the electrical efficiency of PV modules, increasing the total efficiency of the systems. Improvement of the system performance can be achieved by the use of an additional glazing to increase thermal output, a booster diffuse reflector to increase electrical and thermal output, or both, giving flexibility in system design.     

小型菲涅尔式CPV/T集热器光热特性研究

为充分利用建筑屋顶,解决光伏光热一体化(PV/T)集热器光电转换效率的高温减益问题,并提高太阳能综合利用率和集热品位,文章构建了一种基于太阳光谱分频利用技术的光伏/光热模块分离式的小型聚光式PV/T集热器。通过建立其光/电/热理论分析模型及TracePro/Fluent数值仿真模型,以南京地区气象数据为例,综合分析其光/电/热性能,结果表明:该集热器以与安装地纬度等值的倾角南北轴向放置时,其年均光学效率为64.97%,工质出口温度为90℃时的系统光电/光热效率分别为12.47%,40.09%,系统综合热效率达72.91%,且其结构简单、外形轻薄,有望实现与普通建筑的有效结合。     

一种新型全铝扁盒式PV/T热水系统

将单晶硅光伏电池与全铝扁盒式太阳能热水器集热板通过特殊工艺粘结起来,制成了一套自然循环式光伏光热一体化(PV/T)系统,在利用太阳能发电的同时提供热水。于04年7月-10月在合肥地区进行了室外实验,测试并讨论了该系统以不同水量和不同初始水温运行时的光电光热性能。结果表明,当m/Ac>80kg/m2时,这种PV/T热水系统的发电效率在10.15%左右,热效率在50%左右,光电光热总效率可以达到60%左右,光电光热综合性能效率可以达到70%左右。相对于单纯的光伏系统或自然循环式太阳能热水系统,这种PV/T热水系统具有占地面积小、综合效率高等优点。     

太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化系统的研究

太阳能光伏光热一体化不仅能够有效降低光伏组件的温度,提高光伏发电效率,而且能够产生热能,从而大大提高了太阳能的转换效率。对光伏光热建筑一体化(BIPV/T)系统的两种主要模式:水冷却型和空气冷却型系统的工作原理和系统模型进行了理论介绍,详细说明了两种系统中热产品在家庭中的应用。并对目前研究情况下两个系统中存在的问题提出了改进方案。与常规建筑相比,光伏光热建筑减少了墙体得热,改善了室内空调负荷状况,提高了建筑节能效果。     

复合地源热泵系统冬季供暖运行实验研究

介绍了地源热泵在冬季运行供暖的实验研究,具体分析了长期连续运行时土壤温度的变化规律,热泵机组系统的COP变化情况,以及太阳能辅助系统与地源热泵系统联合运行时土壤温度的变化规律,热泵机组系统的COP变化情况.试验数据表明了增加太阳能辅助地源热泵系统后,显著地提高了冷凝器出口温度和室内温度,有效地提高了热负荷,增加了供热面积.总结出了本地区地源热泵系统的一般运行规律.     

Performance analysis of a photovoltaic heat pump

A novel heat pump system is proposed in that the PV/T collector is coupled with a solar assisted heat pump and works as an evaporator. The cooling effect of the refrigerant allows the PV modules to work at lower temperature and so its photovoltaic efficiency is improved. Mathematical model has been developed to analyze the complex energy conversion processes. Numerical simulation was then performed based on the distributed parameters approach. An experimental rig was also built to verify the real performance of the system as compared to the simulation model prediction. The results indicated that this photovoltaic solar assisted heat pump (PV-SAHP) has better coefficient of performance (COP) and photovoltaic efficiency than the separate units. Under the experimental conditions, the COP of the PV-SAHP reached 8.4 and the average value was around 6.5, whereas the average photovoltaic efficiency was around 13.4%. The experimental results were found in good agreement with the theoretical predictions on the system responses to changing environmental conditions.     

PV/T蒸发屋面传热性能实验研究

提出一种新型的PV/T蒸发屋面被,该屋面除具有防水、美观等基本功能外,还兼作PV/T热泵系统的蒸发器,集发电、制热于一体。通过实验,详细分析夏季工况下PV/T屋面各层的温度分布、空腔中流体的流动特性,并探讨PV/T屋面的设置对建筑外表面温度及建筑得热量的影响。结果表明;夏季热泵系统运行时,PV/T屋面系统中腔体内流体被加热,较普通屋面而言,其原屋面外表面温度降低,最高降低21℃,但夜间时略高于普通屋面1℃,总体而言,PV/T屋面的设置使建筑得热量降低44%。