多航迹圆迹SAR三维联合稀疏成像方法

多航迹圆迹SAR具备三维成像能力,但受多次航迹观测,在高度向采样不足以及目标多角度观测散射特性变化等因素影响,多航迹圆迹SAR三维成像性能还需进一步提高,以满足后端目标解译的需求。文中综合利用成像场景在距离、方位和高度三个维度的稀疏分布特性,建立联合稀疏重构模型,实现高分辨率三维成像。进一步,针对建筑物等人造目标后向散射特性随角度变化剧烈的问题,采用分子孔径稀疏约束成像后进行子孔径非相干叠加的方式,以提高最终三维成像结果的信噪比等性能,在进行联合稀疏重构时采用分子孔径处理提高了目标的可解译度。Gotcha实测停车场数据中圆台Top-hat和Toyota Camry轿车的三维成像实验验证了方法的有效性。     

基于SOMP的机载无源宽角SAR成像算法

针对机载无源宽角合成孔径雷达(SAR)在探测过程目标散射特性随观测角度变化的问题,在建立机载无源宽角SAR信号模型的基础上将成像重建过程转换为求解多测量向量的联合稀疏优化问题,并在分布式贪婪稀疏重建方法框架下提出一种基于同时正交匹配追踪的机载无源宽角SAR稀疏成像算法,能够实现对地面探测目标的准确稳健成像。仿真数据处理结果验证了所提成像算法的有效性和准确性。     

人造目标圆极化SAR成像特性研究

本文推导了椭圆极化雷达散射矩阵与线极化散射矩阵之间的变换公式,分析计算了目标圆极化散射特性随目标定向角和轴比变化曲线。分析了三面角、二面角、偶极子（线状体）、圆柱体等目标的圆极化雷达散射特性,确认圆极化散射矩阵中各极化分量散射幅值（绝对值）均不随目标定向角变化,偶极子（线状体）目标圆极化散射矩阵各极化分量具有均衡的散射特性;三面角与二面角反射器圆极化散射能量呈现互补关系,三面角交叉极化强,二面角同极化强;圆柱体圆极化雷达散射交叉极化散射能量较大。对公路斜拉桥、舰船、圆柱铁桶等目标圆极化SAR图像进行分析判读,各目标圆极化SAR成像结果与圆极化雷达散射特性分析结果一致,揭示了圆极化SAR固有的目标成像特性。     

基于稀疏和低秩结构的层析SAR成像方法

该文提出了一种基于稀疏和低秩结构的层析SAR三维成像方法.传统基于压缩感知的层析SAR成像方法仅仅对给定方位-距离单元的高程向进行稀疏表征和重建.考虑城市和森林等区域中各自的布局分布较为类似,目标在相邻方位-距离单元的高程向分布具有较强相关性.该方法通过引入Karhunen Loeve变换来表征相邻方位-距离单元的高程...     

基于复数信息传递的结构稀疏宽角合成孔径雷达成像算法

传统相关处理算法不能完全解决宽角合成孔径雷达(WASAR)成像中目标的散射特性随观测角度变化的问题。稀疏信号处理为该问题提供一种新思路,各向异性问题可以建模成欠定方程组。随角度增大,未知量的规模以观测孔径数目的线性规模增长,导致成功重建难度增大,甚至是重建失败。该文提出一种基于信息传递原理的宽角合成孔径雷达成像方法。根据宽角合成孔径雷达的观测几何及目标散射特性在不同角度之间存在的相关性,建立基于结构稀疏的成像模型;然后利用信息传递原理,提出基于结构稀疏复数信息传递(GCAMP)的成像算法求解该成像模型。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种机载SAR层析三维成像算法

针对机载平台难以同时满足多基线SAR层析3维成像所要求的短基线及大孔径问题,本文提出一种基于稀疏信号表示的机载SAR层析3维成像算法。首先基于高频率SAR目标的多散射中心假设,将目标在第3维成像方向上建模为稀疏分布模型,进而根据观测系统几何及信号频率特征构建了冗余字典,从而实现了成像问题到稀疏信号表示问题的转化,并最终通过求解以稀疏性度量函数为正则项的不适定方程获得成像结果。通过仿真实例的成像结果阐述了算法参数对成像的影响,并通过对SAR层析3维成像的仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

雷达目标高分辨率距离─极化结构成像方法研究

在高频区（光学区），雷达目标回波可模型化为多个散射中心回波的合成，隐含着目标精密的几何形状信息；宽带高频雷达可以获得目标多散射中心在径向距离轴上的投影分布，即目标的一维距离像；对距离像上孤立的每个强散射中心进行极化描述，可获得其对应的单元散射体的几何结构特性；由多个单元散射体可构造出目标的结构图像，即距离──极化结构图像，文中主要给出了强杂波背景下目标结构成像的原理、方法及其计算机仿真结果。     

雷达目标高分辨率距离—极化结构成像方法研究

在高频区（光学区），雷达目标回波可模型化为多个散射中心回波的合成，稳含着目标精密的几何形状信息；宽带高频雷达可以获得目标多散射中心在径向距离轴上的投影分布，即目标的一维距离像；对距离像上孤立的每个强散射中心进行极化描述，可获得其对应的单元散射体的几何结构特性；由多个单元散射体可构造出目标的结构图像，即距离－极化结构图像，文中主要给出了强杂背景下目标结构成像的原理，方法及其计算机仿真结果。     

基于OMP-CADMM的非合作运动人体ViSAR成像方法

合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）人体成像技术凭借其高分辨、强穿透、易部署和高安全性，已成为SAR拓展至日常民用领域的关键技术之一.然而现有SAR人体成像方法大多针对固定场景下的静态人体目标进行合作式成像，难以满足开放场景非合作成像应用的需求.为此，本文基于人体运动的块稀疏性与一致性约束，提出了一种面向非合作运动人体的视频SAR(Video SAR,ViSAR)成像方法 .该方法首先结合ViSAR子孔径快速成像技术，简化人体非刚性运动模型，建立非刚性运动相位误差参量模型；随后结合人体运动的块稀疏性与时间连续性，基于正交匹配追踪（Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP）稀疏恢复算法估计人体运动相位误差；最后基于一致性交替方向乘子法（Consensus Alternating Direction Multiplier Method,CADMM）优化框架，保留人体目标局部结果的一致性共有特征，从多个局部补偿结果集中优化出人体的全局聚焦成像结果，实现人体的非刚性运动补偿与全局精细优化.实验结果表明该文所提方法可实现非合作走动人体的视...     

强地杂波下基于压缩感知的稀疏子脉冲高分辨雷达成像方法

针对稀疏雷达孔径数据处理与成像问题,本文提出了一种强地杂波背景下基于压缩感知（CS）的线性调频步进信号（SFCS）稀疏子脉冲高分辨雷达成像方法。在对稀疏回波数据解线调时,采用填零一次相消技术剔除地杂波,对粗分辨距离像序列二次采样后获得高信杂比的目标高分辨回波信号;再利用该信号的频域稀疏特性,结合各脉冲簇中随机丢失不同子脉冲的情况,构造相应的部分傅里叶基矩阵实现雷达数据的稀疏化表征,然后利用正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法对目标高分辨距离像（HRRP）进行重构处理,实现对目标的高分辨成像。仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性。      

Time-varying step-transform algorithm for high squint SAR imaging

High-squint angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging has applications in specific situations such as providing looking angle-dependent scattering information and revisiting an area of interest. It is very difficult for current SAR-imaging algorithms to be used directly in high-squint configurations. This is due to the large range-cell migration and the nonnegligible cubic-phase term in the signal. In this paper, an improved algorithm called the time-varying step-transform algorithm is proposed. It uses different chirp rates to deramp the signal in different subapertures to alleviate the range-focus problem. The interval between subapertures is also varied according to the deramping chirp rate. The nonnegligible cubic-phase term is included in the focusing procedure. The performance of the proposed algorithm in high-squint-angle mode is excellent. By reducing the subaperture length as the squint angle is increased, the performance of the algorithm is almost independent of squint angle. The proposed algorithm is also flexible for multilook processing and motion-error compensation     

基于子孔径分析的极化散射机理研究

在用极化sAR数据研究极化散射机理时,利用的是大量不同方位观察角度下接收的目标散射数据,但通常极化散射特性随方位角的变化并未被考虑。文中提出利用子孔径分析方法研究极化散射机理。子孔径是在不同的方位观察角度下．对整个场景的响应。用子孔径方法分析高分辨率极化sAR图像,可以突出全孔径中雷达后向散射的瞬时变化．因此可用于各向异性特征和非平稳目标的检测。最后利用丹麦EMISAR获取的L波段极化SAR全孔径图像数据进行仿真验证,提出了一种计算相对标准偏差的方法来检测非平稳目标。     

Real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing with a newsubaperture approach

A time-domain subaperture approach that is suitable for real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing and that produces high-quality, full-resolution images is presented. The real-time subaperture algorithm is based on an approximation of the phase history correction in each subaperture with a simple linear correction, which can be carried out by an up/down-conversion of the received signal followed by a moving average operation. The characteristics of the impulse response function are improved considerably by means of a frequency overlap of the subapertures and become comparable to a conventional matched filter response. Special algorithms for high-quality SAR processing, such as autofocus, Doppler centroid estimation, and range migration correction, can be efficiently implemented. High flexibility is achieved for multilook processing and no secondary range compression is needed, even for high squint angles     

一种抑制探地/穿墙成像多径虚假目标的新型概率模型:数值研究(英文)

该文提出了一种抑制探地和穿墙成像中多径虚假目标的新方法, 虚假目标主要来源于基于伯恩近似的线性成像算法, 该方法忽略了目标之间的多次散射。相对已有抑制多径虚假目标的方法, 该文的主要贡献有两个方面:(a)目标反射率第一次用概率函数模型表征, (b)成像过程中引入随机孔径(从整个孔径中随机选取获得)的概念, 因此, 最终雷达图像可以理解为由随机子孔径得到图像相乘获得的联合概率分布。最后, 通过一组数值算例验证了该方法在探地和穿墙成像中的有效性。      

A new subaperture approach to high squint SAR processing

A high squint subaperture (HSS) algorithm was developed from the perspective of a strip map synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system and has the ability to focus SAR data at extremely high squint angle of 55° with less than 1.27% mainlobe expansion or even higher squint angles if larger mainlobe expansion can be tolerated. The unique characteristic of this algorithm is that the subapertures are formed by multiplying the received signal with a set of overlapped complex conjugated reference signals where the chirp rate varies in the azimuth direction. This is done to solve the range focus problem that arises after the azimuth input signal undergoes the range walk removal procedure. As the IISS algorithm only involves short fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and avoids interpolation, it is computationally efficient and allows for small data buffers and facilitates hardware real-time implementation. The distinct feature of this algorithm is its simplicity of implementation, which is vital in real time processing and motion compensation when the squint angle may be changing continuously     

低频UWB SAR定标体电磁散射建模

在进行低频超宽带合成孔径雷达(ultra wide band synthetic aperture radar, UWB SAR)校准过程中,常常需要使用各种定标体.定标体的散射特性表现为低频谐振散射,因此常规高频窄带SAR定标体散射模型不再适用.本文利用矩量法(Method of Moment,MOM)计算指定频率点和入射角度的目标散射特性,利用渐近波形估计(asymptotic waveform evaluation,AWE)技术获得超宽带和宽角度的目标散射特性,并根据SAR的几何模型,给出了目标散射特性随日标视角和频率的变化关系.     

On the multilook images of moving targets by synthetic aperture radars

In the multilook processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, subapertures are synthesized at different center times so that a time-lapse exists between looks. This does not affect the imaging of stationary targets but if targets are in motion, the information content about the targets differs from look to look. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of motions on the SAR multilook images of moving targets. Expressions are derived for the impulse response function from a moving point target in terms of the look number and the nature of the motion. Discussions are given only on the effects inherent to multilook processing.     

基于电磁计算理论的雷达成像仿真研究

逆合成孔径雷达在战场监测、导弹突防等方面有着广泛的应用。文中采用电磁计算理论研究雷达成像仿真技术。首先,采用物理光学法得到目标表面电流,计算目标大带宽、多角度范围内散射特性。针对计算量大、耗时长的缺陷,文中采用最佳一致逼近理论拟合出目标在大频带、多角度范围内的散射特性,通过计算验证,在不影响精度的前提下大大提高了计算效率;接着,利用计算得到的散射数据,构建宽带目标回波信号,利用转台理论,进行小角度内的距离-多普勒成像;最后,以锥台为例,计算了从不同角度入射时的目标雷达图像,可以验证该方法的正确性和高效性。     

Blind-velocity SAR/ISAR imaging of a moving target in a stationarybackground

A synthetic aperture radio/inverse synthetic aperture radar (SAR/ISAR) coherent system model and inversion to image a target moving with an unknown constant velocity in a stationary background are presented. The approach is based on a recently developed system modelling and inversion principle for SAR/ISAR imaging that utilizes the spatial Fourier decomposition of SAR data in the synthetic aperture domain to convert the SAR system model's nonlinear phase functions into linear phase functions suitable for a computationally manageable inversion. It is shown that SAR/ISAR imaging of a moving target can be converted into imaging the target in a stationary squint-mode SAR problem where the parameters of the squint-mode geometry depend on the target's velocity. A method for estimating the moving target's velocity that utilizes a spatial Doppler analysis of the SAR data within overlapping subapertures is presented. The spatial Doppler technique does not require the radar signal to be narrowband, so the reconstructed image's resolution is not sacrificed to improve the target's velocity estimator.