影响区域电网可再生能源消纳能力的边界条件分析

首先阐述可再生能源消纳能力评估相关指标的定义,然后从源-网-荷3个方面分析影响可再生能源消纳能力的关键因素,并以可再生能源消纳量最大为目标,基于时序生产模拟的方法建立可再生能源消纳能力的多时段耦合评估模型。最后,以IEEE-30节点系统为算例,评估多场景下电网可再生能源消纳能力,并研究约束边界变化对消纳能力的影响。算例验证了模型的有效性与合理性,可为可再生能源消纳能力的评估与优化提供依据。     

基于信息安全约束的可再生能源电网多主体投资风险评估方法

针对电网建设过程中不同利益主体投资风险评估问题,结合物理信息融合的可再生能源电网各主体投资供需平衡和数据流信息安全模型,研究基于信息安全约束的可再生能源电网多主体投资风险评估方法。首先建立包含电网投资运营商、可再生能源投资运营商和电力用户等不同主体的投资模式,然后针对电力物联网环境下信息系统的设备风险、数据风险、物理系统风险和信息安全风险在复杂信息物理融合系统中的作用机理,研究复杂投资模式下系统信息安全风险量化表征模型,并在此基础上建立基于结构熵的信息安全约束的可再生能源电网多主体投资动态风险评估模型。基于IEEE39节点建立可再生能源电网投资风险评估仿真系统,对文章提出的风险评估方法进行验证。仿真结果表明,基于信息安全约束的电网多主体投资风险评估方法,能够有效提升具有不确定性的电网投资规划鲁棒性。     

考虑CVaR的机组组合和多场景备用决策联合优化

  目的  为提高可再生能源消纳水平以及衡量其出力不确定性带来的风险,该文以特性各异电源互补协调调度作为提升系统运行经济性和促进可再生能源消纳的手段,并针对系统内可再生出力和负荷的波动性,引入条件风险价值（conditional value-at-risk,CVaR）理论,量化其不确定性对系统调度运行时产生的风险。  方法  利用多场景技术模拟系统不确定性,建立考虑条件风险价值（CVaR）的机组组合和多场景备用决策联合优化模型,将风险水平限制在可接受的前提下,追求系统运行成本最小。最后在通用代数建模系统（the general algebraic modeling system, GAMS）平台上编程,并调用混合整数线性规划CPLEX求解器进行求解。  结果  仿真计算表明,不同类型电源的机组组合和备用决策能有效提高系统运行经济性、可靠性和可再生能源消纳水平。  结论  基于改进IEEE 24和某省实际电网的算例分析验证了所提模型和方法的合理性和有效性。     

价格引导下主动配电网中分布式可再生能源自治运行技术

分布式可再生能源在主动配电网中的渗透率逐年增加,主动配电网的分布式特性日益凸显;传统的集中能量调度难以解决分布式能源出力随机性的协调以及大量分布式数据的通讯压力。文章以分层多代理模型为控制结构,提出一种基于价格引导的分布式可再生能源协调策略。详细介绍了各Agent的协调模型,区域目标、价格的协调响应策略及区域安全约束条件,利用Agent的分布自治、全局协作实现主动配电网的能量平衡同时促进分布式可再生能源的消纳;协调策略关注电价调整对储能、柔性负荷响应能力的影响,以提高分布式可再生能源消纳。最后,通过指标量化分析策略的综合性能,对比传统时序模拟方法的评估结果,验证了所提方法的合理性、有效性。     

山东电网新能源消纳关键措施分析及综合评估

在“双碳”目标下,山东省将进一步加快能源转型步伐,建设新型电力系统。然而,在山东省新能源快速发展的同时,新能源消纳问题日益凸显。以山东电网为分析对象,开展新能源消纳关键措施研究。分析了山东新能源消纳现状,总结了新能源消纳问题的机理,在此基础上归纳影响新能源消纳的关键因素。针对这些关键因素,系统性地提出了促进新能源消纳的各项措施。以山东电网2025年规划数据为基础场景,利用时序生产模拟方法对这些措施进行量化分析,为合理制定新能源消纳措施提供决策支撑。     

面向可再生能源高比例消纳的综合能源系统优化规划模型研究

为解决"三弃"问题,提高可再生能源消纳能力,文章基于能量枢纽模型,提出了能够提升系统灵活性与可再生能源消纳能力的方案,并以高比例可再生能源消纳与系统综合经济性为目标,考虑典型日系统冷热电功率平衡约束、设备输入-输出耦合约束(能量枢纽模型)、设备出力限制、电网联络线功率约束等约束条件,建立面向可再生能源高比例消纳的综合能源系统优化规划模型。针对模型的非线性特性,采用数学等效变换将其转化为0～1混合整数线性规划模型,并求取全局最优解。最后,以江苏某区域为实例,分析了高比例可再生能源接入对能量枢纽容量配置及其关键设备在不同典型日出力的影响,并基于灵敏度分析法,分别分析了设备单位容量造价、能源价格及热电负荷比对规划结果的影响,验证了所提规划模型的正确性与合理性。     

以电网侧储能提升高比例可再生能源区域系统的可用输电容量

可用输电容量是电力交易可靠性的重要指标,已得到了广泛的应用。文章评估了电网侧储能对区域系统可用输电容量的影响,提出了一种考虑储能系统负荷转移能力的两阶段ATC评估框架。该架构在第一阶段建立了发电机和储能联合调度的日前机组组合模型,并基于场景的随机规划方法来描述可再生能源和负荷的不确定性。架构在第二阶段利用实时ATC模型,量化联络线功率的实时交易的最大传输容量。通过对IEEE 14节点,IEEE 30节点系统的算例研究分析表明,文章所提架构可以促进可再生能源消纳,增大了实时的区域可用输电容量。     

全钒液流电池储能在配电网中优化配置策略

再生能源的大量接入对配电网造成许多不利影响,应用全钒液流电池（VRB）储能技术可有效促进可再生能源消纳,减少可再生能源并网造成的不利影响。分析了VRB储能的充放电特性,并在此基础上建立了电池模型,充分考虑配电网中风电、光伏发电、负荷需求的不确定性和VRB储能电池的经济性,提出了一种VRB储能优化配置策略,利用遗传算法进行求解,在IEEE33节点电网模型中进行仿真分析,验证了这种策略可有效提高可再生能源消纳,减少大电网中传统燃料能源输入电量。     

一种可再生能源并网的最大容量边界计算方法

可再生能源大规模接入电网是一种解决当前世界面临的能源和环境问题的有效方法,但是也给电网的安全运行带来了新的问题。该文首先通过引入支路电流作为电力网络方程的状态变量,进而建立了可再生能源接入电网的最大容量边界条件方程,组成了用于计算可再生能源接入最大边界容量的方程组;然后求解该方程组得到在给定负荷情况下可接入的可再生能源最大容量,并通过容量裕度指标评估电网运行的安全性;最后通过多节点可再生能源并网仿真计算结果表明该模型是有效的,能够为电力部门安排可再生能源的运行方式提供辅助决策。     

基于改进引力搜索算法的电力市场环境下可再生能源竞标消纳优化

为解决新能源参与电力市场竞标、促进新能源消纳的问题,文章提出了基于改进引力搜索算法的电力市场环境下可再生能源竞标消纳优化模型。建立了风电、光伏机组出力模型,确定了风电光伏不确定出力场景削减。针对可再生能源竞标消纳模型建立了出清电价模型,确定了交易双方利润模型,并针对交易过程中的不确定概率进行了分析。提出了采用改进引力搜索算法联合模式搜索算法对出清电价模型进行求解。最后通过仿真分析,说明了所提方法的有效性。     

Generation-expansion planning with linearized primary frequency response constraints

As renewable energy resources increasingly penetrate the electric grid, the inertia capability of power systems has become a developmental bottleneck. Nevertheless, the importance of primary frequency response (PFR) when making generation-expansion plans has been largely ignored. In this paper, we propose an optimal generation-expansion planning framework for wind and thermal power plants that takes PFR into account. The model is based on the frequency equivalent model. It includes investment, startup/shutdown, and typical operating costs for both thermal and renewable generators. The linearization constraints of PFR are derived theoretically. Case studies based on the modified IEEE 39-bus system demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with methods that ignore PFR, the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the cost of the entire planning and operation cycle, improving the accommodation rate of renewable energy.     

Role of optimal transmission switching in accommodating renewable energy in deep peak regulation-enabled power systems

Due to the shortage of fossil energy and the pollution caused by combustion of fossil fuels, the proportion of renewable energy in power systems is gradually increasing across the world. Accordingly, the capacity of power systems to accommodate renewable energy must be improved. However, integration of a large amount of renewable energy into power grids may result in network congestion. Hence, in this study, optimal transmission switching (OTS) is considered as an important method of accommodating renewable energy. It is incorporated into the operation of a power grid along with deep peak regulation of thermal power units, forming an interactive mode of coordinated operation of source and network. A stochastic unit commitment model considering deep peak regulation and OTS is established, and the role of OTS in promoting the accommodation of renewable energy is analyzed quantitatively. The results of case studies involving the IEEE 30-bus system demonstrate that OTS can enable utilization of the potential of deep peak regulation and facilitate the accommodation of renewable energy.     

A review on China's wind power accommodation in the background of “Internet+” strategy

The consumption of fossil fuel has resulted in global warming, environmental pollution, and many other crucial problems. Replacing fossil fuel with renewable energy has become an important issue over the recent decades. As a renewable clean energy, wind power is a relatively well‐developed and promising energy method for current technology development in China. Under the background of growing demand for electricity and enhancing awareness for environmental, the “Internet+ wind power” concept has emerged based on both the wind power's characteristics that renewable and non‐polluting, and the rapid development of the Internet in China. Through querying an amount of literature and information, this paper reveals the resource endowment and policy environment about wind power and energy Internet at first. Then, the PEST‐SWOT strategy analysis model is used to analyze the internalities (strengths and weaknesses) and the externalities (opportunities and threats) of “Internet+ wind power”. According to these results, the paper puts forward some measures (development and utilization, business mode) for wind power accommodation. Then some policy recommendations have been proposed. The government should provide favorable conditions for wind power grid with the “Internet+” technology innovation.     

Regulating cost for renewable energy integration in power grids

To address the issue of climate change caused by the use of polluting, non-renewable energy sources, the use of renewable energy has gained momentum worldwide. Consequently, the increased integration of renewable energy sources into power grids has necessitated the inclusion of flexible capacities in the power systems to solve problems of intermittent and fluctuating characteristics associated with renewable generation outputs. In this work, we study the regulating cost of a power system with high renewable penetration using an improved time-series system production simulation analysis method. The operational cost of the system is considered as the objective function. Three different methods to increase regulating capacities, including using interconnection lines, building additional flexible power capacities, and retrofitting existing thermal power plants, are adopted and simulated to compare the costs of accommodating renewable energy in the system in these cases. Our results indicate that increasing the flexibility of thermal power plants and developing cross-regional connection lines are cost-effective methods of increasing renewable energy consumption.     

Analysis of the EU renewable energy directive by a techno-economic optimisation model

The EU renewable energy (RES) directive sets a target of increasing the share of renewable energy used in the EU to 20% by 2020. The Norwegian goal for the share of renewable energy in 2020 is 67.5%, an increase from 60.1% in 2005. The Norwegian power production is almost solely based on renewable resources and the possibility to change from fossil power plants to renewable power production is almost non-existing. Therefore other measures have to be taken to fulfil the RES directive. Possible ways for Norway to reach its target for 2020 are analysed with a technology-rich, bottom-up energy system model (TIMES-Norway). This new model is developed with a high time resolution among others to be able to analyse intermittent power production. Model results indicate that the RES target can be achieved with a diversity of options including investments in hydropower, wind power, high-voltage power lines for export, various heat pump technologies, energy efficiency measures and increased use of biodiesel in the transportation sector. Hence, it is optimal to invest in a portfolio of technology choices in order to satisfy the RES directive, and not one single technology in one energy sector.     

Is there a space for additional renewable energy in the Norwegian power system? Potential for reduced global emission?

This paper presents the results of a Norwegian power system analysis. An energy system analysis model based on linear programming is used for modelling and optimisation. The analyses cover a number of scenarios where the studied system is subjected to changes by introducing other renewable energy sources, energy conservation measures and measures to promote renewable energy. The study shows that due to a combination of cheap hydropower and high investment costs, it is quite difficult for new generation units to be profitable. This is also true during periods of low precipitation where the system tends to survive on imported power instead of investing in new generation units. However, this does not apply to energy conservation measures that easily enter the system. On the other hand, biomass based CHP, wind power and wave power could be viable if measures are introduced to promote their use. Most of the scenarios show a high potential for reducing global emissions.     

含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统优化配置

为解决中国西北地区的新能源消纳问题,提出一种含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统优化配置方法。首先,根据风光火储的互补特性建立含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统的典型架构,并分析其工作机制;其次,结合拉丁超立方抽样以及基于时序自相关和互相关的时序重构、时序组合和场景择优,生成考虑时序自相关和互相关性的随机场景集;接着,以计及碳排放成本的系统收益和系统新能源消纳能力最优为多目标,构建含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统多目标优化配置模型,并通过增广ε-约束法结合商用软件CPLEX进行求解;最后,以西北某地区2025年电网规划数据构造的算例进行仿真,验证了该配置方法能有效提高系统收益,促进风光消纳,提高系统电力送出能力。     

Adjustable robust low-carbon dispatch for interconnected power systems in Northeast Asian countries

Interconnected power systems that link several countries and fully utilize their individual resources in a complementary manner are becoming increasingly important. As these systems enhance accommodation of renewable energy, they also represent a move toward low-carbon and low-emission power systems. In this paper, a low-carbon dispatch model is proposed to coordinate the generation output between several countries where the carbon emission constraint is a priority. An adjustable robust optimization approach is used to find the optimal solution under the worst-case scenario to address the uncertainties associated with renewable energy resources. A specific constraint is that the area control error for each country should be self-balanced. Furthermore, a reformation using participation factors is presented to simplify the proposed robust dispatch model. Simulation results for practical interconnected power systems in northeast Asian countries verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.     

针对并网型风储微网的飞轮储能阵列系统控制方法CSCD

由于新能源发电存在波动性和间歇性,其大量接入时会给电网运行带来新的困难,而利用储能技术提高新能源的可调度性是当前研究的热点。为缓解新能源并网对电力系统的不良影响,针对并网型风储微网提出了一种基于飞轮储能阵列系统的分层优化控制方法,上层优化中心根据功率缺额和各台飞轮的转速建立相应充/放电优化模型,并求解相应飞轮的功率参考值;下层飞轮控制器采用双模双环控制方法,实现飞轮转速和输出功率的控制,最后通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

A statistical analysis of wind power density based on the Weibull and Rayleigh models at the southern region of Turkey

The electric generating capacity of Turkey must be tripled by 2010 to meet Turkey’s electric power consumption, if the annual 8% growth in electric power consumption continues. Turkey has to make use of its renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar, not only to meet the increasing energy demand, but also for environmental reasons. Studies show that Iskenderun (36°35′N; 36°10′E) located on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey is amongst the possible wind energy generation regions. In the present study, the wind energy potential of the region is statistically analyzed based on 1-year measured hourly time-series wind speed data. The probability density distributions are derived from time-series data and distributional parameters are identified. Two probability density functions are fitted to the measured probability distributions on a monthly basis. The wind energy potential of the location is studied based on the Weibull and the Rayleigh models.