基于集热影响系数d的太阳能烟囱集热效率分析

针对呼和浩特地区太阳辐照资源,以太阳能烟囱为研究对象,在呼和浩特地区应用太阳能烟囱进行可行性分析。太阳能烟囱在定集热棚半径定壁温条件下,对不同集热棚倾角进行数值模拟计算,引入集热影响系数d,对集热棚内流场努赛尔数(Nu)进行分析,比较不同倾角下温度场、压力场、速度场、集热效率。研究表明,集热棚集热影响系数d存在最大值,在不同集热棚倾角下,集热棚内温度场、压力场、速度场变化较大,集热效率存在最大值。认为在定集热棚半径条件下,集热棚倾角选取10°作为呼和浩特地区太阳能烟囱集热棚倾角更经济适合。修正了以往国内外太阳能烟囱集热棚倾角的选取方法。     

定面积集热棚倾角对集热效率影响的数值模拟研究

文章应用计算流体力学方法对呼和浩特地区太阳能烟囱在固定集热棚面积下不同集热棚倾角的棚内空气流动情况进行了数值模拟。由模拟结果可知:在集热棚倾角为0~70°时,空气温度、压力、速度以及集热棚效率曲线有明显变化;在集热棚面积固定条件下,随着集热棚倾角的变化集热棚效率存在较为理想的值,并在达到峰值后持续降低。     

结构形状对太阳能烟囱系统热特性的影响研究

不同太阳能烟囱（SC）形状对系统集热特性影响不同。建立10°圆形SC数值模拟模型和试验台架,将系统数值模拟与试验测试结果对比验证,二者相对误差值小于4%,数值模拟方法正确;采用相同的数值模拟方法对0°圆形、0°方形和10°方形SC模型进行计算,将不同系统计算结果进行对比。结果表明：不同系统结构蓄热层表面温度场均匀性和受烟囱阴影影响不同,10°方形蓄热层表面温度场受烟囱阴影影响最小;对比烟囱内流体速度,10°方形具有更高速度梯度,更有利于确定涡轮机的位置;不同系统烟囱内部流体总焓差不同,10°方形SC系统总焓差较大;相比于0°圆形SC系统,其他3个SC系统的集热效率分别提高了11.328%、43.705%和66.061%,质量流量提升了59.36%、8.39%和39.04%。     

太阳能烟囱强化自然通风实验研究

实验探讨了高2000mm,长1000mm的竖直集热板屋顶式太阳能烟囱模型,在改变宽度及热流密度的情况下,研究其诱导的空气量及内部空间气流温度场和速度场的变化.结果表明,在研究范围内自然通风量随烟囱宽度、热流密度的增加而增大,气流速度随热流密度的增加而增大,随烟囱宽度的增加而降低.气流温度及速度在烟囱热壁近壁面处高于其在远离壁面处,在热壁近壁处形成了温度和速度边界层.     

太阳能烟囱发电装置的CFD模拟

用Fluent软件对太阳能烟囱发电装置内的气流进行了数值模拟，获得了太阳能烟囱发电装置内气流流速、温度等分布，并将温度场模拟计算值和试验检测值进行了比较。结果表明：气流在集热棚中从四周向中部汇流是一个加速的过程；从地面到烟囱，随着高度的增加温度呈递减分布。温度分布模拟与试验检测结果的规律基本相似。但由于进行了稳态假设，也存在一定差别。数值模拟结果以集热棚中心呈对称分布。然而，由于集热棚南部接收的太阳辐射大于北部，在试验检测中南边的温度明显高于北边的温度，温度的峰值向南边偏移，呈不对称分布。     

集热栅对太阳能烟囱发电系统效率的影响

采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对太阳能烟囱发电装置进行数值模拟，得到装置内部的温度场、速度场、压力场等分布情况。对集热棚的各种几何和物理参数进行研究和分析。结果表明，集热棚直径、太阳辐照强度、覆盖材料的透明度等诸多参数对系统效率有直接而重要的影响。     

太阳能烟囱发电系统的性能研究

采用通用商业CFD软件ANSYS Fluent 13.0对太阳能烟囱发电系统进行数值模拟,获得太阳能烟囱发电系统的空气流速分布。结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,集热棚周边高度对系统的发电功率几乎没有影响;太阳能烟囱发电系统的烟囱直径存在最佳值,使太阳能烟囱发电系统的输出功率最大;集热棚斜度也存在最佳值,使系统输出发电功率最大。     

烟囱阴影下风力增压式太阳能烟囱电站性能探究

文章以西班牙太阳能烟囱电站为原型,采用太阳射线追踪法加载太阳辐射,对太阳能烟囱电站和风力增压型太阳能烟囱电站进行三维数值模拟,探讨烟囱阴影下系统的流场特性和太阳入射角度对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明:烟囱阴影区蓄热层表面、集热棚表面温度突降,导致热气流与蓄热层表面、集热棚表面进行对流换热,造成热量损失;随着太阳入射角增加,系统轴功率和集热棚效率均明显下降;风力增压装置形成的出口负压可以削弱阴影所造成的气流掺混等不利影响,因而风力增压型太阳能烟囱电站涡轮机轴功率的变化幅度相对常规太阳能烟囱电站较为平缓。     

烟囱阴影对风力增压太阳能烟囱电站性能的影响:基于西班牙原型电站规模的数值案例研究

为研究烟囱阴影效应,本文采用太阳射线追踪算法对基于西班牙原型电站规模的太阳能烟囱电站(SCPP)和风力增压型太阳能烟囱电站(WSSCPP)进行了三维数值模拟.烟囱阴影区面积随着太阳光线入射角的增加而增加,本文研究了入射角从0°变化到30°下系统的温度和速度分布;还研究了在几个SCPP综合系统中的烟囱阴影效应.结果表明:...     

太阳能热气流发电系统仿真与实验研究

太阳能热气流发电系统是一种新型的可再生能源发电系统。文章利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件构建了该系统的CFD模型,并对该系统中集热棚和烟囱内的温度和压强,以及烟囱内浮升气流的风速变化情况进行了模拟研究。同时,利用搭建的太阳能热气流实验装置测量了集热棚内气流温度和烟囱内风速,并将实验结果与仿真结果进行对比分析。分析结果表明,集热棚内气流温度和烟囱内风速实测值的变化趋势与仿真结果基本一致,集热棚内气流温度实测值的平均值与仿真值平均值之间的相对偏差为2.9%,烟囱内风速仿真值与实测值之间绝对偏差的平均值以及标准差分别为1.21 m/s,0.4。     

ANN and ANFIS models to predict the performance of solar chimney power plants

A precise model of the behavior of complex systems such as solar chimney power plants (SCPP) would be much beneficial. Also, such a model would be quite contributing to the control of solar chimney operation. In this paper, the identification and modeling of SCPP utilizing ANN and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are discussed. The modeling is based on the data of three working days which were taken of a built pilot in University of Zanjan, Iran. The input parameters are time, radiation and ambient temperature, while the output is the air velocity at the inlet of the chimney. The results of ANN model and ANFIS model were compared; it was found that ANFIS model exhibited better performance than ANN. The R-Square error of testing in ANFIS is about 0.91, therefore there is good agreement between the ANFIS model and experimental data. Therefore the ANFIS model used to predict the SCPP performance for coming days. A numerical simulation of the problem is conducted to provide a comparison between the conventional method and the presented approach. The results indicated that the performance of solar chimney power plants will be accurately predictable via such a method providing less computational cost.     

A two-dimensional simulation method of the solar chimney power plant with a new radiation model for the collector

A two-dimensional axisymmetric CFD method is proposed for the solar chimney power plant (SCPP), which includes a solar radiation model within the collector, an energy storage model, an air flow and heat transfer model, and a turbine model. Numerical simulation is conducted for the Manzanares pilot plant. Different solar radiation modes in the collector and simulation methods are compared and discussed. Results show that the present two-dimensional method obtains consistent results with the three-dimensional method in the literature and experiment data, validating the feasibility of the proposed two-parallel-plate model for the radiation heat transfer within the collector.     

Numerical simulations of solar chimney power plant with radiation model

A three-dimensional numerical approach incorporating the radiation, solar load, and turbine models proposed in this paper was first verified by the experimental data of the Spanish prototype. It then was used to investigate the effects of solar radiation, turbine pressure drop, and ambient temperature on system performance in detail. Simulation results reveal that the radiation model is essential in preventing the overestimation of energy absorbed by the solar chimney power plant (SCPP). The predictions of the maximum turbine pressure drop with the radiation model are more consistent with the experimental data than those neglecting the radiation heat transfer inside the collector. In addition, the variation of ambient temperature has little impact on air temperature rise despite its evident effect on air velocity. The power output of the SCPP within the common diurnal temperature range was also found to be insensitive to ambient temperature.     

高温空气燃烧的模型比较数值研究

为验证适用于高温空气燃烧过程的燃烧模型,应用EBU模型、E-A模型、PDF模型三种燃烧模型模拟了一个2m×2m×6.25m的高温空气燃烧室的燃烧过程,并根据国际火焰协会的实验数据对模拟结果进行了验证与比较。湍流输运模型和辐射传热模型分别采用了Reynolds应力模型(RSM)湍流模型和离散坐标(DO)辐射传热模型。结果表明,在预测燃烧室温度、燃料组分体积分数和出口NO体积分数上,EBU模型预测值比E-A模型和PDF模型更符合实验测量值。EBU模型是三种模型中最适合模拟高温空气燃烧的燃烧模型。     

Thermodynamic study of a simplified model of the solar chimney power plant

A simplified model of solar chimney power plant (SCPP) consists of a heating air collector, turbine and chimney. Thermodynamic interpretation of processes occurring in these SCPP components is based on the derived energy and exergy balances. The examples of the energy and exergy flow diagrams show how the SCPP input of 36.81 MW energy of solar radiation, corresponding to 32.41 MW input of radiation exergy, is distributed between the SCPP components. Responsive trends to the varying input parameters are studied. Additionally, the concept of mechanical exergy (ezergy) of air is applied and it allowed for quantitative determination of the effect attributed to the terrestrial gravity field on the component processes of the SCPP.     

Performance of solar chimney power plant in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

A solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is proposed to be built in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where there is abundant solar radiation, high direct solar radiation low atmospheric temperature, large diurnal temperature range, and lots of salt lakes working as heat storage system, which can help to improve the power output of SCPP. The plant is expected to power local railway traffic lines and act as a solar power base to supply power for national development. The performance of the SCPP that will be built in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is analyzed and power potential estimated by developing a simple mathematical model. It is found that SCPP if built in the plateau can produce twice more power than an SCPP built on the same latitude of other regions. The yearly power potential for SCPP in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is estimated to be 86.8 million TJ. When 10–20% of the plateau land is used for the SCPP, the yearly power output may reach 8.7 million TJ to 17.4 million TJ, accounting for 10.7–21.3% of China's energy consumption in 2008 which stood at 81.6 million TJ. It is found that the SCPP in the plateau can support local and national development together with other renewable energy resources such as hydroelectric power and wind power.     

Performance analysis of conventional and sloped solar chimney power plants in China

The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) has been accepted as one of the most promising approaches for future large-scale solar energy applications. This paper reports on a heat transfer model that is used to compare the performance of a conventional solar chimney power plant (CSCPP) and two sloped solar chimney power plants (SSCPPs) with the collector oriented at 30° and 60°, respectively. The power generation from SCPPs at different latitudes in China is also analyzed. Results indicate that the larger solar collector angle leads to improved performance in winter but results in lower performance in summer. It is found that the optimal collector angle to achieve the maximum power in Lanzhou, China, is around 60°. Main factors that influence the performance of SCPPs also include the system height and the air thermophysical characteristics. The ground energy loss, reflected solar radiation, and kinetic loss at the chimney outlet are the main energy losses in SCPPs. The studies also show SSCPPs are more suitable for high latitude regions in Northwest China, but CSCPPs are suggested to be built in southeastern and eastern parts of China with the combination to the local agriculture.     

The value of thermal radiation in assessing the charge/discharge rate of high‐grade thermal energy storage using encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs)

The charge/discharge rate of a spherical phase change material (PCM) capsule was assessed in consideration of phase change phenomenon and the combined effect of thermal radiation and heat convection in the charging/discharging processes. The heat transfer model was developed based on a single PCM capsule. The equivalent heat flux was evaluated by using the thermal resistance method. In consideration of the thermal radiation, the equivalent charge/discharge rate was improved, and the temperature rising of the PCM was actually much faster in the charging/discharging processes. It was indicated that the influence of the thermal radiation became more significant for PCM capsules under a small Re number (constant air velocity) and for high‐grade thermal energy storage. The analytical results showed that the highest heat flux contributed by cold thermal radiation occupied 30% and 62% of that by heat convection for PCM capsules with radius of 10 and 40 mm, respectively. This illustrated the crucial value of thermal radiation on the charge/discharge rate of PCM capsules with a large radius. However, for smaller size PCM capsules, the equivalent heat flux was larger under the same fluid flow velocity, and it decreased more promptly with time, because the heat convection that played the dominant role in charge/discharge processes was sensitively affected by the radius of the PCM capsules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空气源热泵冷岛效应形成机理及实验验证

采用流体仿真与实地测试相结合的方法研究空气源热泵冷岛效应的形成机理和影响因素。长春机组实地测试和仿真结果均表明,在有周围建筑物和环境风为4.92 m/s时,机组排风会影响机组下游空气温度和下游回风温度,使平均回风温度下降0.15~0.18 K。室外机换热量、风机风量、机组堆积、环境风和周边建筑形状是影响空气源热泵冷岛效应的重要因素,冷岛效应回流率和机组换热量成正相关,和风机风量成负相关;在无环境风和周边无建筑物的情况下,空气源热泵的冷风沿地面扩散到环境中。在无环境风工况下,单机组在换热量为52.8 kW,风量为3.4 kg/s时,回流开始时间为38 s,最终回流率为28%,最终回风温度和环境温度的温差为6.08 K。