基于布谷鸟算法的风电机组装配序列优化

装配序列规划（ASP）是风电机组制造的重要技术。ASP是一个组合优化问题,风电机组最优装配序列的搜索空间和计算量均很大。提出基于布谷鸟算法的风电机组装配序列优化方法。首先,从三维装配体模型中提取多种装配约束信息并表示成装配约束矩阵,以降低最优装配序列的搜索空间;继而构造装配序列目标函数,建立装配序列规划模型,方便算法计算出最优装配序列;对离散布谷鸟算法（DCA）改进,求解ASP模型,获得风电机组产品的最优装配序列。最后通过实验验证了ASP模型的有效性和DCA的优良性能。     

含风电场的电力系统潮流算法的改进

为了更好地计算含风电场的电力系统潮流,建立了异步风力发电机的稳态等值简化模型,并对原有电力系统潮流算法进行了改进。改进的算法在雅可比矩阵中引入了异步风力机滑差修正量,修正雅可比矩阵中对应风力发电机节点的元素,并运用MATALB编程实现含有风电场的电力系统潮流计算。将改进后的算法应用于接有风电场的4机11节点测试系统的潮流计算,结果和已有的两种典型潮流计算方法接近,表明改进后的潮流算法有效合理。     

动力涡轮机模拟装配系统及其关键技术研究

为提高动力涡轮的装配质量,提出了计算机辅助模拟装配系统,建立了模拟装配的系统框架,给出了包含层次结构关系、零部件之间配合关系和尺寸链信息在内的动力涡轮机装配模型;提出了基于模拟退火的自动优化配套算法,并且结合尺寸链计算对动力涡轮机关键装配工序进行参数优化和分析;最后介绍了动力涡轮机模拟装配系统的运行过程.     

风力发电技术的研究现状

1大型风电机组先进结构形式美国国家可再生能源实验室(NREL)关于风力发电机组高级结构技术项目的研究结果,展示了现代大型风力发电机组驱动链结构形式(机械传输系统)可以有5种结构形式:基本驱动链结构、集成基本驱动链结构、单永磁电机结构、直接驱动结构、多电机结构形式,现以1.SMW机组的设计为例,对此5种结构形式进行分析。     

基于柔性多体动力学的风电机组LPV建模方法

为了满足风电机组真实控制器硬件回路测试要求,在柔性多体动力学模型的基础上建立一个依赖于叶片桨距角和风轮转速的线性时变参数(LPV)的风电机组仿真模型。将风力机的塔筒、机舱、叶片及轮毂分为13个杆单元,通过有限元的结果优化每个杆单元的刚度和阻尼系数以及铰接点的位移量。用万向连接表示结构的柔性,带外部力矩输入的旋转连接代表激励。采用柔性多体动力学建模方法,选取若干个典型工作点,通过多叶片坐标系变换及雅可比线性化处理,在各个典型工作点建立相应的线性模型,然后根据工作点的数据以及各工作点间的过渡数据,进行1.5 MW风力机的系统辨识,通过插值方法获取LPV模型。将输出参数和GH Bladed进行对比,结果显示该模型能准确描述风电机组前四阶的动态响应特性,且计算时间远小于主控器的最小响应时间10 ms,具有良好的实时性,适用于风电机组主控系统的硬件在回路测试平台的仿真模型。     

海上风电机组荷载分析及控制研究

分析了海上风电机组的荷载来源,为某漂浮式风电机组设计了控制策略,并重点仿真验证了驱动链加阻、塔筒加阻和独自变桨控制算法在海上风电机组的控制效果,最后提出了漂浮式风电机组的动态停泊模式。     

基于动态机组分类的风电场优化调度

研究风电场内的机组组合优化调度,可提高机组的运行效率,改善风电场有功输出,降低系统运行成本。首先,对风电机组的历史运行数据进行分析,提出风速和机组输出功率的时段动态概率分布综合建模方法,并根据获得的时段动态概率分布模型得到机组的动态运行特征矩阵;其次,利用模糊C均值算法对风电场内机组进行动态聚类分析,在各个调度时段内将机组划分为常规机组和调度机组;最后,以风电机组疲劳损伤量最小为目标,建立基于风电机组动态分类的风电场优化调度模型。通过算例分析,该模型的有效性得到验证。     

全钢型负压筒式海上风电机组基础结构的监测参数预报

针对东海海域首个配备监测系统的全钢型负压筒式海上风电机组进行数值模拟研究。首先对海洋环境载荷进行分析，分别建立全钢型负压筒基础模型和主体钢结构模型，采用叠加法计算风电机组的倾角变形；并对不同工况下负压筒和结构的监测量进行数值模拟，最终分析所有测点监测参数的变化范围，从而确定实时监测报警系统参数阈值，并进行报警分析，可为海上风电机组的运维安全提供参考。     

某柴油机系列机型曲轴轴向间隙偏小分析与改进

通过对设计图纸标注尺寸的尺寸链计算,及对大量装配数据的统计分析,发现对于柴油机止推瓦这种结构,在装配后上、下轴瓦间必定会产生约0.05 mm左右的错位量,在尺寸链计算时必须将这个错位量当做减环来处理,否则就会出现大量不合格。     

多场景概率机组组合在含风电系统中的备用协调优化

备用配置是系统抵御风险、提高运行可靠性的重要手段,也是系统运行安全与经济协调决策的问题。提出了基于状态转移的概率机组组合方法,该方法将风电的运行场景离散化,通过对风电预测误差进行概率表达,并在时间尺度上考虑状态的转移矩阵组成多场景的方法,以场景发生的概率协调系统在场景下的调度决策,并以实时校正备用作为正常和误差场景之间机组的调整限制。通过安全与经济的协调,能够自动为风电出力的波动配置适宜的备用,且模型中考虑了网络安全约束对机组组合和备用决策的影响。最后对含风电系统进行了实例仿真分析,结果表明模型的有效性和可行性,对风电的调度和规划具有指导意义。     

Wind turbine generator systems. The supply chain in China: Status and problems

Wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) manufacture is booming in China. The key to success of the wind turbine generator industry is to construct the supply chain. However few papers focus on the supply chain. In China, many enterprises have started to manufacture the wind turbine generator system and the components. The supply chain of the wind turbine generator system is not well established in China. Many key components of WTGS still need to be imported, such as the principal axis bearing and electrical control systems. We review the status of wind turbine generator system manufacturing and analyze the problems of the supply chain in China. We analyze the problems about the supply chain from a macroscopic view. The aims of this paper are to let more scholars and experts know the status of the WTGS supply chain and to do something for building a successful industry in China.     

基于改进自抗扰控制的双馈式风电机组传动系统扭振抑制策略

抑制风电机组传动系统的扭振,对于降低系统疲劳载荷、提高机组寿命具有重要意义。文章通过直接控制传动系统的扭角来抑制系统扭振,考虑非线性不确定因素,从功率的角度建立扭角数学模型。由两质量块模型得到功率和扭角的正相关关系,在此基础上,提出一种扭角参考值给定方法。采用改进的自抗扰控制策略补偿传动系统的未知扰动,将系统线性化,并通过非线性状态误差反馈将扭角给定值转化为功率给定值,进而抑制系统扭振。改进自抗扰控制参数调节简单,对扰动补偿更精确,提高了控制器的性能。仿真结果表明,所提出的抑制策略可以明显减小传动系统在阶跃风况和湍流风况下的扭振。     

Analysis and estimation of transient stability for a grid-connected wind turbine with induction generator

Increasing levels of wind energy in modern electrical power system is initiating a need for accurate analysis and estimation of transient stability of wind turbine generation systems. This paper investigates the transient behaviors and possible direct methods for transient stability evaluation of a grid-connected wind turbine with squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG). Firstly, by using an equivalent lump mass method, a three-mass wind turbine equivalent model is proposed considering both the blades and the shaft flexibility of the wind turbine drive train system. Combined with the detailed electromagnetic transient models of a SCIG, the transient behaviors of the wind turbine generation system during a three-phase fault are simulated and compared with the traditional models. Secondly, in order to quickly estimate the transient stability limit of the wind turbine generation system, a direct method based on normal form theory is proposed. The transient models of the wind turbine generation system including the flexible drive train model are derived based on the direct transient stability estimation method. A method of critical clearing time (CCT) calculation is developed for the transient stability estimation of the wind turbine generation system. Finally, the CCT at various initial mechanical torques for different dynamical models are calculated and compared with the trial and error method by simulation, when the SCIG stator terminal is subjected to a three-phase short-circuit fault. The results have shown the proposed method and models are correct and valid.     

风力发电机组振动故障分析技术

振动故障分析技术是风力发电机组预测性维护和降低维护成本至关重要的手段之一．文章介绍了当前应用于风力发电机组传动链的部分振动分析技术,以及这些振动分析技术的基本原理和优缺点。以期帮助振动分析者能够更好地利用振动状态监测系统分析和了解风力发电机组传动链的运行和振动状态．     

风能转换系统的动态矩阵控制

在实际的变速变桨风力机系统中,模型的强非线性、满负载工况下不稳定的风速及系数参数测量误差的存在,使传统的控制方法难以取得满意的控制效果,因此针对满负载工况下的风能转换系统提出了一种基于多变量动态矩阵控制的控制策略,先构建风能转化系统模型,将时变非线性模型在平衡点处线性化,得到其输入输出偏移量的线性化模型;再利用动态矩阵算法,间接控制发电机转速与功率在额定值处稳定;最后在风轮与电机转动惯量测量误差为40%的情况下进行仿真。结果表明,所得动态矩阵控制器具有较小的波动与较好的鲁棒性,能有效减小系统参数误差的影响,可在安全的工作范围内提供期望的性能,有助于提高电力系统的效率和电能质量。     

1.5MW低风速风力发电机组主传动系统设计及动力学分析

低风速风力发电机组具有广阔的市场前景,其主传动系统的设计和分析是整个风机研发的关键技术之一。通过对风机各种传动系统结构形式的分析、对比和优化,设计了适于1.5 MW低风速风力发电机组的最佳传动方案,即内置式主轴、二级行星加一级平行轴齿轮传动的结构形式。采用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立了该风机主传动系统的精确模型,找出系统的固有频率及激振源,并进行共振分析;对共振危险点进行时域仿真,根据仿真结果研究振动对风机系统的影响。最后根据系统的动态特性分析结果,验证所设计的主传动系统的可靠性。     

垂直轴风力机气动特性与涡脱落模态分析

垂直轴风力机运行过程中,叶片上下表面边界层与剪切层的相互作用使风力机下游尾迹形成周期性涡结构,这种尾迹涡结构对风力机空气动力学特性具有重要影响。基于此,该文采用计算流体力学方法对不同工况下垂直轴风力机尾迹涡结构展开研究,利用快速傅里叶变换与相空间轨迹分析不同尖速比下风力机叶片涡脱落现象和尾迹涡结构,并通过分形维数研究转矩与尾迹流场速度变化。结果表明：风力机尾迹涡结构随尖速比变化呈现不同特征,当尖速比为3.6时,风力机尾迹两侧呈规则性反向脱落涡模态;低尖速比垂直轴风力机尾迹具有明显的混沌特性,且随尖速比的增加混沌特性逐渐减弱;随着尖速比的增加,风力机转矩与下游速度分形维数不断降低,且当尖速比为3.6时,风力机下游速度分形维数仅为1.07。     

A hybrid TEG/wind system using concentrated solar energy and chimney effect

This paper investigates a novel hybrid system combining thermal electrical generators (TEGs) and a wind turbine. The mathematical model of the system is derived and solved to investigate the performance of the proposed system. In the proposed system, solar energy is converted to heat by an absorber plate. Some portion of this heat is converted to electricity using TEG, while another portion of the heat is used to heat up air flowing in an inclined duct placed underneath the absorber plate. Heating the air inside the system enhances the current speed because of the effect of buoyancy. A wind turbine is placed inside the duct parallel to air flow before it exits to the atmosphere. The wind current is accelerated before passing through the turbine by using venture effect. The TEGs are exposed to the concentrated solar radiation. This can be obtained using a compound parabolic concentrator. The proposed configuration has multiadvantages: (1) the wind is used to drive a wind turbine; (2) air cools the rear surfaces of TEGs to increase the temperature difference between the opposite surfaces, thus generates more electrical power; and (3) it uses buoyancy effect to increase the wind stream speed, thus enhancing the power generated from turbine. It is found that the solar concentration ratio is the most important factor contributing to enhancing the TEG efficiency. The buoyancy effect leads to turbine power boost at high wind speeds more than at low wind speeds.     

Load sharing behavior analysis method of wind turbine gearbox in consideration of multiple-errors

Conducting a further analysis on loading sharing among compound planetary gear system in wind turbine gearbox, and making a meshing error analysis on the eccentricity error, gear thickness error, base pitch error, assembly error, and bearing error of wind turbine gearbox respectively. In view of the floating meshing error resulting from meshing clearance variation caused by the simultaneous floating of all gears, this paper establishes a refined mathematical model of two-stage power split loading sharing coefficient calculation in consideration of multiple errors. Also obtains the regular curves of the load sharing coefficient and floating orbits of center gears, and conducts a load sharing coefficient test experiment of compound planetary gear system to verify the research results, which can provide scientific theory evidence for proper tolerance distribution and control in design and process.     

Development of a novel wind turbine simulator for wind energy conversion systems using an inverter-controlled induction motor

A wind turbine simulator for wind energy conversion systems has been developed with a view to design, evaluate, and test of actual wind turbine drive trains including generators, transmissions, power-electronic converters and controllers. The simulator consists of a 10-hp induction motor (IM) which drives a generator and is driven by a 10-kW variable speed drive inverter and real-time control software. In this simulator, a microcontroller, a PC interfaced to LAB Windows I/O board, and an IGBT inverter-controlled induction motor are used instead of a real wind turbine to supply shaft torque. A control program based on C language is developed that obtains wind profiles and, by using turbine characteristics and rotation speed of IM, calculates the theoretical shaft torque of a real wind turbine. Comparing with this torque value, the shaft torque of the IM is regulated accordingly by controlling stator current demand and frequency demand of the inverter. In this way, the inverter driven induction motor acts like a real wind turbine to the energy conversion system. The drive is controlled using the measured shaft torque directly, instead of estimating it as conventional drives do. The experimental results of the proposed simulator show that this scheme is viable and accurate. This paper reports the operating principles, theoretical analyses, and test results of this wind turbine simulator.