弥散强化铂基复合材料的研究与应用现状

弥散强化铂基材料是一种先进的结构型与高温型贵金属复合材料,是玻璃纤维漏板材料发展的主要方向。论文阐述了弥散强化铂基材料国内外研究现状,弥散强化铂基材料的制备方法、组织结构特点、力学性能和强化机理,介绍了弥散强化铂基材料的主要应用以及新的发展动向。     

镍基高温合金相关相图的高通量测定与热力学优化

对相图的常用实验测定方法进行综述,以Cr-Ni-Ru三元体系相图的高通量测定为例,展示高效测定二元、三元相图的扩散多元节方法。基于相图计算(Calculation of phase diagrams,CALPHAD)方法,以Cr-Ru二元体系和Cr-Ni-Ru三元体系的热力学优化为例,阐述Cr-Ni-Ru三元体系热力学数据库建立的具体流程,分析当前镍基高温合金研究效率低下的原因。结果表明:快速建立与定量预测材料成分、相、组织、性能关系的高通量实验和计算方法是促进未来镍基高温合金研究发展的重点。     

材料高通量制备与表征技术研究进展

材料基因组工程理念的提出,引起了国内外材料领域研究人员的广泛关注。作为材料基因工程的重要组成部分,材料高通量制备与表征技术成为研究的重点。采用高通量制备和高通量表征分析技术能显著提高材料的研发速度。本文简述了材料基因工程的相关理念,介绍了一系列具有代表性的材料高通量制备与表征技术,综述了其研究进展,并讨论了其发展趋势,以期为发展高通量制备与表征技术提供新思路,为进一步发展材料基因工程技术提供参考。     

氧化物强化PtRh合金的研究进展

氧化物强化PtRh合金具有比纯铂更高的高温强度和高温持久强度,广泛应用在玻纤漏板、光学玻璃生产用坩埚等领域,并且是玻纤漏板材料发展的主要方向。简要介绍了测试铂基材料蠕变性能和润湿行为的主要设备,主要介绍高温力学性能和焊接性能更优异的氧化物强化PtRh合金Pt-10%Rh DPH-A,并且总结了一些铂基材料研究中的第一性原理计算和器件模拟,指出了铂基材料研究的新方向。     

数据驱动镍基铸造高温合金设计及复杂铸件精确成形

材料基因组工程与材料智能制备加工技术的发展为航空发动机高温合金关键热端部件的研发与制造提供了新的思路.针对航空发动机涡轮机匣类结构件高温合金材料与铸造成型的需求,开发了高通量并发式的热动力学模拟软件系统,结合镍基铸造高温合金的筛选判据,从520万余种成分组合中筛选并研制了一种新型镍基铸造高温合金,815℃、400 MP...     

高通量实验技术发展现况及在贵金属研究中的应用分析

随着科技的发展材料基因组工程技术成为材料科学研究的热点,其中的高通量实验技术是其中最重要的三部分之一。针对该类技术,首先总结了各类高通量实验技术的基本原理、种类和方法;在此基础上针对贵金属研究领域的特点,分析了各种高通量实验技术在贵金属材料研究领域中的优缺点和存在的问题,以及贵金属高通量实验方法需要基本的主要特征;给出了适合贵金属研究的高通量实验方法以及改进之处,并对其发展方向进行了分析和讨论。     

高通量自动流程集成计算与数据管理智能平台及其在合金设计中的应用

材料研发模式经历了经验主导的第一范式、理论模型主导的第二范式和计算模拟主导的第三范式,如今正处于数据驱动的第四范式.为加速新材料的设计与研发,发展基于材料数据库和人工智能算法的高通量自动集成计算和数据挖掘算法变得至关重要.本文介绍了作者团队自主开发的分布式高通量自动流程集成计算和数据管理智能平台ALKEMIE2.0 (...     

高熵薄膜和成分梯度材料

针对高熵合金薄膜的研究现状,围绕成分设计、制备工艺、相结构、力学性能、高温性能、耐蚀性能等方面进行了讨论。分析了合金薄膜相结构受氮气流率、基底偏压、基底温度等工作参数影响的规律。其力学性能随着C、B、N等小半径非金属原子含量的增加而强化,文中从固溶强化理论角度进行了分析和解释。同时高熵合金薄膜展现出了优异的高温和耐蚀性能,在高温、强酸等极端条件下具有良好的稳定性。此外,高熵材料成分复杂且体系多样化,可通过高通量制备实现多组分材料的平行制备,为高通量筛选提供一个高效平台。针对未来可用于高熵合金高通量制备的几种技术进行了讨论。     

贵金属高温材料的研究及应用进展

现代工业和高技术领域中,部分高熔点的贵金属材料(Pt、Rh、Ir)及其合金、复合材料等作为耐高温耐腐蚀型材料具有重要应用。因其具有高熔点、高温抗氧化性、高的抗腐蚀性能及高温强度等一系列优点,近年来在高温材料领域的研究及应用有了突飞猛进的发展。综述了贵金属材料在高温结构材料及高温抗氧化功能涂层方面的研究与应用进展,探索贵金属金属材料在高温领域的发展方向。     

高温强化铂合金研究进展

高温强化铂合金是一种先进的高温结构贵金属材料,论述了固溶强化、弥散强化和沉淀强化等铂合金强化方法及特点,力学性能和强化机理,介绍了高温强化铂合金的的研究进展和主要应用情况,最后展望了高温强化铂合金的研究方向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.