可聚合性季铵盐及其共聚物的制备与性能研究

以对氯甲基苯乙烯和十二烷基二甲基叔胺为原料,合成了一种可聚合性季铵盐(PQA),并采用自由基溶液聚合法制备了季铵盐-丙烯腈二元共聚物(PQA-co-AN).用FT-IR、1H-NMR和EA表征了PQA和PQA-co-AN的结构,同时用DSC-TG研究了其热稳定性,并测试其抗菌性能.结果表明,PQA经与AN共聚后,共聚物PQA-co-AN的热稳定性和抗菌性能都比单体PQA有所提高.     

微细蒙脱石颗粒界面疏水改性机理研究

采用密度泛函理论方法计算了不同甲基取代程度的甲基胺类(伯胺、仲胺、叔胺和季铵)的分子形式和离子形式在蒙脱石(001)表面上的吸附能、吸附平衡构型和差分电子密度,并测试了药剂作用后蒙脱石悬浮液上清液透光率、表面对药剂的吸附量和表面接触角。结果表明:甲基胺类离子形式在蒙脱石表面的吸附能比分子形式的大很多,可以稳定吸附在表面上;烷基胺中N原子上的甲基对H原子的取代程度越高,吸附能越小,对蒙脱石表面的疏水改性能力越差;甲基胺类阳离子主要通过静电作用和氢键作用吸附到蒙脱石表面上;药剂作用后蒙脱石悬浮液的上清液透光率、表面对药剂吸附量和表面接触角的试验结果与模拟结果相一致。     

十二系列叔胺捕收剂对高岭石的浮选研究

研究4种十二取代叔胺(DRN,DEN,DPN和DBN)对高岭石的浮选行为。发现4种叔胺对高岭石的浮选捕收能力都较好,其中DEN最好,浮选回收率最高可达92%以上。4种叔胺主要依靠静电引力吸附在高岭石表面,在酸性pH范围内,浮选高岭石的回收率较高,随着pH的增大,叔胺的阳离子组分减少,使得浮选回收率下降。Zeta电位研究表明,高岭石在整个pH范围内,表面主要带负电,4种叔胺与高岭石作用后,能显著增加高岭石的Zeta电位。红外光谱研究表面,4种叔胺主要与高岭石表面发生了电性作用的物理吸附。叔胺中N原子上的取代基的给电子效应和空间位阻效应是造成4种叔胺浮选能力差异的主要原因。     

接枝炭黑表面性质研究

研究了由聚合物表面接枝改性炭黑呼氯化钾水溶液组成的分散组成的分散体系中炭黑粒子表面ｚｅｔａｘ电位的变化，探讨了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＬＡＳ）和阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵（１２２７）在普通炭黑和聚合物接枝改性炭黑表面的吸附行为。     

有机化试剂结构对粘弹性大分子插层蒙脱土的影响

以Gemini季铵盐、十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱和十二烷基三甲基溴化铵为有机化试剂对蒙脱土进行有机化处理和粘弹性大分子插层反应,通过XRD分析测试手段,研究了有机化试剂空间结构大小及可反应基团获得的有机化蒙脱土结构差异,以及粘弹性大分子对不同有机化结构蒙脱土的插层行为,结果表明Gemini季铵盐对蒙脱土进行有机化处理效果最好,粘弹性大分子插层Gemini季铵盐有机化蒙脱土的插层量大于含可反应基团的十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱有机化蒙脱土以及十二烷基三甲基溴化铵有机化蒙脱土的插层量。     

Gemini表面活性剂的合成及在乳化炸药中的应用

以N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺和1,3-二溴丙烷为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂合成阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂.反应产物以混合溶剂乙酸乙脂-乙醇重结晶纯化后,用红外光谱及核磁共振进行结构表征,并将其作为晶形改变剂及助乳剂应用于乳胶基质中,使乳化炸药具有小而分布均匀的W/O粒子和较强的稳定性及良好的爆炸性能.     

十六烷基辛基二甲基溴化铵和十六烷基癸基二甲基溴化铵的合成

合成了十六烷基辛基二甲基溴化铵和十六烷基癸基二甲基溴化铵两个新型杀生剂。用元素定量分析和红外光谱核磁共振谱等方法进行分析和结构鉴定。评定了两个化合物对硫酸盐还原菌的杀生作用。结果表明，两个化合物有很好的杀生效果。     

非对称表面氟化聚乙烯醇膜的制备及性能研究

以水溶性聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基膜,全氟-2,5—二甲基-3,6—二氧杂壬酰氟为氟化剂,通过表面控制氟化,制备了PVA非对称膜.PVA膜在单一表面上接枝一层全氟烷基醚链段,氟化面水接触角高达126°.由于氟元素在表面富集,接枝层氟含量最高达49.1％,且自表面开始由外至内,氟元素含量逐渐减少,膜呈现出由疏水全氟烷基醚相到亲水PVA基体相的特殊过渡结构.在表面氟化过程中,氟醚链段通过自组装聚集在膜的表面形成有序的岛状结构,有利于表面疏水性的提高.非对称膜结合了两表面完全不同的亲/疏水性,对水流方向具有独特的响应性,在微型反应器或化学阀等精密仪器中有很大潜在应用价值.     

纳米黏土和聚氨酯的表面性质与其复合材料微观结构的关系

累托石的表面性质直接影响其在聚合物中的分散性, 进而对其复合材料的结构与性能有很大的影响。通过反气相色谱法, 采用非极性和极性探针研究累托石(REC) , 十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵处理的累托石(12-OREC) 和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理的累托石(16-OREC) 以及聚氨酯( TPU) 的表面色散能和表面酸碱性, 分析了REC , 12-OREC , 16-OREC 和TPU 的表面性质与其复合材料微观结构的关系。结果发现: REC 表面色散能较高, 表面酸性较强, 在TPU 基体中的分散性较差; 改性后的12-OREC 、16-OREC 色散能明显降低, 且表面呈一定碱性, 在TPU 中的分散性明显改善; 12-OREC 与TPU 的色散能较接近, 酸碱作用参数较匹配, 在TPU 基体中的分散性更优。      

丙烯酸氟烷基酯聚合物涂膜憎水性能研究

分析了合成丙烯酸氟烷基酯所需的各类单体及其各自在共聚物中所发挥的作用,描述了憎水表面的形成过程,重点分析了侧链结构对聚合物涂膜憎水稳定性的影响.提出通过分子设计,选择恰当的氟烷基侧链、无氟烷基侧链以及间隔链,通过表面结晶或交联的方法来限制表面结构重组,从而提高其憎水稳定性.     

席夫碱基聚乙二醇(400)月桂酸酯表面活性剂在碱性锌电池中的缓蚀性能

为了研发一种能应用于碱性锌电池的代汞缓蚀添加剂,以解决锌电极易变形、长枝晶等问题,合成了3种席夫碱基聚乙二醇(400)月桂酸酯表面活性剂(M1、M2、M3),通过失重法、电化学技术、表面分析等方法研究了其在6 mol/L KOH电解液(饱和Zn O)中对锌电极的缓蚀效果。结果表明:缓蚀率随席夫碱基表面活性剂浓度升高而增加,室温下3种席夫碱基表面活性剂中M3缓蚀能力最强,缓蚀率最高达92.14%,缓蚀能力大小为M3M2M1,属于抑制阴极型缓蚀剂;表面分析揭示3种席夫碱基表面活性剂在锌电极表面上形成吸附层,其吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附平衡常数较大,M1、M2、M3的Kads分别为5 875.441,18 750.012,187 500.117 L/mol,适合作为碱性锌电池的缓蚀添加剂。     

吐温-60对钢在H2SO4中的缓蚀性能

用失重法研究了非离子表面活性剂吐温-60对冷轧钢在0.5-7.0 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的缓蚀作用。结果表明：吐温-60对冷轧钢在1.0 mol/L H2SO4溶液中具有良好的缓蚀作用,且在钢表面的吸附符合校正的Langmuir吸附模型。缓蚀率随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大,但随温度和硫酸浓度的增加而减小。求出了相应的吸附热力学（吸附自由能ΔG^0, 吸附焓ΔH^0, 吸附熵ΔS^0）和动力学参数（腐蚀速率常数k, 腐蚀动力学常数B）,并根据这些参数讨论了缓蚀作用机理。     

葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物对碳钢的缓蚀效果

为了解葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物对碳钢的缓蚀效果,采用失重法、电化学法并结合扫描电镜观察,研究了葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物(PGG)对碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀抑制作用。结果发现:PGG对碳钢表现出很好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率随添加浓度的增加而增加,在最大浓度250 mg/L时,表现出最好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率为94.7%,且缓蚀效率随温度升高而降低。PGG同时抑制了碳钢腐蚀的阴极还原反应和阳极氧化反应过程,为混合型缓蚀剂,是通过多组分的物理和化学联合吸附,在碳钢表面上形成保护性覆盖层,将碳钢与酸溶液隔离,从而起到缓蚀作用,其吸附行为遵循Langmuir吸附等温模型。葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物(PGG)是碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的优良缓蚀剂。     

桂花果提取液在1 mol/L盐酸介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能

为了开发A3钢盐酸清洗中的天然绿色缓蚀剂,通过索式提取法从桂花果中提取植物缓蚀剂,采用失重法、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了不同浓度桂花果提取液在1 mol/L盐酸介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能,并探讨了缓蚀机理。结果表明:以95%的乙醇为溶剂索式提取的桂花果提取液在1 mol/L盐酸介质中对A3钢具有良好的缓蚀性能,缓蚀效率随其浓度的增加而增大,当其浓度达到25 g/L时,缓蚀效率可达93%以上;桂花果提取液为混合型缓蚀剂,缓蚀机理为"几何覆盖效应",其有效缓蚀成分在A3钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,吸附平衡常数为1.89 L/g。     

Effect of Sc and Zr additions on microstructures and corrosion behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys

The effects of adding the alloy element Sc to Al alloys on strengthening, recrystallization and modification of the grain microstructure have been investigated. The combination of Sc and Zr alloying not only produces a remarkable synergistic effect of inhibition of recrystallization and refinement of grain size but also substantially reduce the amount of high-cost additional Sc. In this work, the microstructures and corrosion behavior of a new type of Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy with Sc/Zr ratio of 1/2 were investigated.The experimental results showed that the Sc and Zr additions to Al-Cu-Mg alloy could strongly inhibit recrystallization, refine grain size, impede the segregation of Cu element along the grain boundary and increase the spacing of grain boundary precipitates. In addition, adding Sc and Zr to Al-Cu-Mg alloy effectively restricts the corrosion mechanism conversion associated with Al2 Cu Mg particles, which resulted in the change of the cross-section morphology of inter-granular corrosion from an undercutting to an elliptical shape. The susceptibility to inter-granular corrosion was significantly decreased with increasing Sc and Zr additions to the Al-Cu-Mg alloy. The relationships between microstructures evolution and inter-granular corrosion mechanism of Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys were also discussed.     

Synthesis of a new family of Schiff base nonionic surfactants and evaluation of their corrosion inhibition effect on X-65 type tubing steel in deep oil wells formation water

Some new Schiff base nonionic surfactants were synthesized and characterized using FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition effect of the synthesized surfactants on X-65 type tubing steel in deep oil wells formation water has been studied by polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements. Polarization data indicate that the selected surfactants act as mixed type (cathodic/anodic) inhibitors. EIS results show that the change in impedance parameters with the concentration of the surfactants studied is indicative of the adsorption of surfactant molecules on carbon steel surface. The adsorption of the inhibitors was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Effect of temperature on the efficiency of the corrosion inhibition process was studied and the values of activation energy, enthalpy of activation and entropy of activation were calculated and discussed. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the surfactants is correlated with surface tension measurements data. The protective film formed on the carbon steel surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX) techniques.     

Inhibition Behaviour of 2-butine1, 4diol and Tartrate Salt, and Their Synergistic Effects on Corrosion of AA3003 Aluminium Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution

This work intends to investigate the inhibition behaviour of 2-butine 1, 4diol and potassium sodium tartrate and their synergistic effects on 3003 aluminium alloy corrosion in 0.5% NaCl solution. Experiments were carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and Tafel polarization method in a three-electrode cell. It was concluded that the inhibition efficiencies increased with an increase in the concentrations of inhibitors. For 2-butinel, 4diol and tartrate salt, the optimum in the inhibition efficiency, at room temperature and neutral pH, was observed for concentrations close to 10-3 mol/L and 1.5×10^-3mol/L, respectively. The electrochemical results illustrated that 2-butinel, 4diol and tartrate salt, have significant synergistic inhibition effects on corrosion of 3003 aluminium alloy in 0.5% NaCl solution. The optimum ratio of concentrations for tartrate to alcohol was 2：1.     

苯并咪唑在KOH溶液中对锌材的缓蚀性能

锌电极材料的优良缓蚀剂汞有剧毒,以苯并咪唑缓蚀剂取代汞有益于环保。采用失重法、电化学方法等研究了0．1mol／LKOH溶液中苯并咪唑对锌的缓蚀性能。结果表明：苯并咪唑能有效抑制锌的阳极氧化,从而抑制锌在碱液中的自腐蚀,属于阳极型缓蚀剂;当苯并咪唑浓度为10．0mmol／L时缓蚀效果最佳,缓蚀率可达96．68％;苯并咪唑...     

氨基磺酸溶液中肉桂醛对碳钢的缓蚀作用和吸附热力学研究

采用失重法考察不同温度下5％氨基璜酸中,不同浓度的肉桂醛对碳钢的缓蚀作用;并对氨基璜酸介质中肉桂醛在碳钢表面吸附热力学进行了研究。肉桂醛低浓度时,随浓度增大,缓蚀作用增强;当其浓度达到一定值后,缓蚀作用基本保持不变。实验结果表明,肉桂醛在碳钢表面产生单分子层吸附,并且满足Langmuir吸附规律。△G°〈0吸附过程可以自发进行,并且随着温度的升高础增大,吸附作用降低。△H°〈O表明反应是放热过程。△S°〈0表肉桂醛在碳钢表面的吸附过程为熵减少的过程。     

Copper deposition during the corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024 in sodium chloride solutions

Copper and copper-rich particle clusters were observed to deposit on aging aircraft skin material (Al 2024 sheet coupons) after corrosion immersion experiments for 5 days in acidic (pH 3) neutral (pH 6), and basic (pH 11) 0.6 M NaCl solutions. SEM analysis employing an EDX spectrometer showed a propensity of large Cu particle clusters on Fe-rich or Fe-containing areas while a TEM inventory of second-phase particles in the alloy sheet showed a propensity of Al-Fe-Cu-Mn and Al-Cu-Si particles along with Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Fe-Mn-Si particles and particle clusters. A modified replication technique was used to lift particles from the corroded coupon surfaces. TEM analysis employing an EDX spectrometer showed a wide range of copper deposits exhibiting microdendritic morphologies in basic and neutral environments, and botryoidal (or nodular) morphologies in acidic environments. The plating or cementation of copper from solution as an electrochemical displacement reaction appears to be a major contributor to the pitting corrosion of 2024 aluminum alloy.