一种基于耦合线和环形微带线的负群时延电路

负群时延电路(NGDC)在微波系统中有着广泛应用,文中提出了一种基于有损耦合线和环形微带线的负群时延电路。该电路由耦合线和微带传输线组成。基于射频领域中偶模-奇模分析方法,分析该电路的偶模和奇模的输入导纳,得到电路的S 参数。利用HFSS 电磁仿真软件对该负群时延电路结构做了优化设计,实物加工并测试。测试结果表明:在中心频率2.36 GHz 时,该电路的负群时延值约为-1.4 ns,插入损耗S21约为-3.9 dB,反射系数S11约为-9.5 dB,实测与仿真结果吻合。这种新颖的负群时延电路结构简单、信号损耗小、易于加工,可用于微波和无线通信等领域。     

负群时延电路研究综述：特征、现状与展望

近年来,负群时延电路由于其异常的电磁波传播特性及广泛的应用前景备受关注.首先,介绍了负群时延与超光速现象的相关概念,阐述了负群时延现象的产生机理及负群时延电路的频域特征;然后,重点讨论了基于左手材料、谐振器与耦合微带线3种主要负群时延电路的组成形式与特点;指出了目前电路的主要问题在于其固有的高损耗、窄带宽特点及负群时延值极限;最后,对负群时延电路未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为负群时延电路的研究与应用提供一定的参考.     

论互易电路的充要条件

互易定理是电路理论中的重要内容,它表达了互易电路所具有的性质.讨论了互易定理与互易电路之间的关系.基于六种二端口电路VCR矩阵参数,互易电路的矩阵参数满足六种表达式.互易电路的充要条件是六种表达形式任意三式中的至少一式成立,并给出这一结论的证明.本文的讨论可供讲授电路理论课程的教师参考.     

对互易电路性质的补充讨论

互易电路是电路课程教学中的重要内容。本文根据互易电路参数矩阵应满足的关系,在互易定理的基础上给出互易电路所具有的三个补充性质,给出了相应的证明。并分析了互易电路性质之间的关系。本文的讨论对从事电路课程教学的师生具有一定的参考价值。     

非互易律光致抗蚀剂与负型黑底（待续）

利用非互易律光致抗蚀剂在低照度下曝光,其光化学反应速度急剧下降效应,不仅可以提高光刻工艺的分辨率,而且可通过选定必要的曝光条件,方便地制造出开口小于荫罩孔径的负型黑底管。     

基于水平非均匀蒸发波导的非互易性

针对现有蒸发波导条件下无线电系统性能研究过程中,忽略了蒸发波导水平非均匀特性影响,探讨了水平非均匀蒸发波导条件下的非互易性。利用马尔科夫过程模拟蒸发波导水平非均匀特性,结合抛物方程法计算电波传输损耗,仿真分析了雷达电磁参数对非互易性的影响。仿真结果表明：蒸发波导环境下电波传播的非互易性在波导水平非均匀时无法忽略,天线高度和电波频率对非互易性的影响较大。天线高度越高,电波频率越大,则非互易性越强。     

电感性负载的非福斯特电路研究与设计

基于非福斯特电路的有源电小天线宽带匹配在工程应用领域受到广泛关注。文中以电小环天线的等效电路为负载,提出一种接地型运放管的非福斯特电路,并对其负阻抗转换性能进行了分析。经过仿真分析,在2-30MHz频段内,单级运放非福斯特电路可以实现99%的电感转换率;两级运放乘法电路能够将电路的输入阻抗匹配到50欧姆,S11在整个频段内小于-26dB。实物测试了两级运放乘法器电路,验证了接地型运放管非福斯特匹配电路可较好地提高电感性电小天线的性能。     

基于非负矩阵分解的多环芳烃成份识别

从重叠比较严重的混合物三维荧光光谱中恢复单一光谱信号,是光谱解析的难点。考虑到光谱内在的非负性,采用非负矩阵分解的投影梯度和交替最小二乘两种算法,并结合K均值初始化方法,来解析菲、芘、蒽3种芳烃混合物的三维荧光光谱数据,有效避免出现负数的分解结果,提取3种成份的三维荧光光谱,得到计算光谱与对应参考光谱的相似系数均大于0.970。计算结果表明,非负矩阵分解能够克服光谱重叠带来的干扰,有效提取光谱成份,从而实现对菲、芘、蒽的成份识别。其中,交替最小二乘的NMF算法更适合实时在线监测。     

Unity direct chain with feedback series impedance based innovative negative group delay circuit

An innovative negative group delay (NGD) circuit theory on unity direct chain (UDC) topology is developed in this paper. The NGD UDC cells are based on the operational amplifier adder with feedback series impedance. Innovative topologies of high-pass NGD UDC cell composed of RL-series network, all-pass RC-parallel network and low-pass RC-series network are identified. It is a first time that all-pass NGD original topologies are defined. NGD analyses and synthesis methods of each NGD UDC cells are provided. The UDC cell based NGD functions are validated with SPICE simulations. The proofs-of-concept (POC) of UDCs behave as all-pass and low-pass NGD functions with group delay equal to −1 ms at very low frequencies. The low-pass NGD cut-off frequency is 424 Hz. The high pass NGD circuit generates −1 µs at the optimal NGD frequency of about 5.15 kHz. Further analysis of the operational amplifier gain and bandwidth effects is performed. The operational amplifier gain affects significantly the NGD level and bandwidth for the all considered UDC cells. Nevertheless, only the RC-parallel feedback based UDC cell is particularly sensitive to the operational bandwidth.     

A new circuit topology for continuous group delay synthesis

A new circuit topology is realized in order to synthesize group delay continuously. The circuit is based upon a new variable coupling coefficient coupled line section and a microstrip feedback loop. The new variable coupler is designed by periodically loading an edge coupled microstrip coupler. With this new design, coupling variation of more than 10 dB may be achieved. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first report of this type of microstrip coupler. The complete circuit consumes no do power and exhibits more than 500 ps of continuous variable true time delay. Insertion loss is better than 3 dB and return loss is better than 15 dB     

Broad-band circulator models for active microwave circuit analysis

A general method is presented for determining a broad-band equivalent circuit of a lossy, nonideal circulator from the scattering parameters over the frequency range of interest. The equivalent circuit has application to the design and analysis of circulator-coupled circuits such as amplifiers and oscillators. The method is applied to two different circulator forms, in coaxial line and waveguide, to show the close agreement to measured performance that can be attained by the method in practice.     

Analysis of negative group delay response of all-pass ring resonator with Mach-Zehnder interferometer

The chromatic dispersion characteristics of waveguide all-pass filters were theoretically analyzed, in which the round-trip loss of a ring resonator was taken into account. Although an all-pass filter based on a ring resonator is lossless in principle, a finite round-trip loss of an actual filter changes an amplitude response and a group delay response drastically. The negative group delay resonance peak was confirmed both theoretically and experimentally.     

Time-domain measurement of negative group delay in negative-refractive-index transmission-line metamaterials

We have simulated and constructed a one-dimensional metamaterial composed of a periodically loaded transmission line that exhibits both negative and positive group velocities in a band of effective negative index of refraction. The negative group velocity or, equivalently, the negative group delay, is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in the time domain using modulated Gaussian pulses. Due to this negative delay, we can show an output pulse peak emerging from the loaded transmission line prior to the input peak entering the line, i.e., the output pulse precedes the input pulse. The fact that this surprising behavior does not violate the requirements of relativistic causality is illustrated with time-domain simulations, which show that discontinuities in the pulse waveforms are traveling at exactly the speed of light in vacuum. The pulse-reshaping mechanism underlying this behavior is also illustrated using time-domain simulations.     

Complex gyrator circuit of 4-port single junction circulator

The adjustment of the 4-port single junction circulator involves a degeneracy between a single impedance pole, a pair of split degenerate poles and one impedance zero. The purpose of this paper is to deduce the real part of the complex gyrator circuit of this device under the assumption that the degenerate relationships between the poles and zeros of the arrangement have been met. This determines the gyrotropy of the ideal device and the adjustment of any matching network.     

Broadband negative group delay networks for compensation ofmicrowave oscillators and filters

The design of distributed broadband negative group delay circuits operating from 3 to 6 GHz with negative group delays of around 50 ps are described. These circuits are designed using LCR prototypes which are then converted to printed transmission line structures. The parameters affecting the value and bandwidth of the group delay are discussed     

Total reflection cannot occur with a negative delay time

It was recently predicted [ in ibid., vol. 33, p. 519, 1997] that the frustrated Gires-Tournois interferometer exhibits a negative delay time for reflection. Given its 100% reflectivity, this appears to contradict causality. We demonstrate that an additional, positive, contribution comes from consideration of the transverse dimension. We prove that this contribution is always large enough to enforce a positive total delay     

一个具有负电容的三阶自治混沌电路分析

提出了一个具有负电容的三阶自治混沌电路，并进行了深入的理论研究和计算机仿真分析。得出了几点结论：(1)此混沌电路元器件少，具有一个负电容，且与蔡氏混沌电路结构中的元件数完全相等。(2)在确定的元器件参数条件下，电路出现与蔡氏混沌电路完全相同的双涡卷奇怪吸引子和丰富的混沌动力学行为。