一种避免二次编码跳变影响的"北斗"弱信号捕获算法

在现阶段,"北斗"B1I信号在D1导航电文中引入现代化GPS和Galileo系统常用的二次编码调制,使得比特跳变周期变短,降低了系统的捕获灵敏度.为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于码元排布顺序的改进相干累积捕获算法,通过分组来遍历并统计一个数据段的累加和相关值,并且采用一种改进的判决方法进行双重判决,最终确定其中最大相关值并完成捕获.此方法有效延长了积分长度,克服了因Neumann-Hoffman(NH)码造成的相干累积时间过短的缺陷,能改善在低信噪比环境下的信号捕获能力.在高斯白噪声模型下对各个捕获算法进行的仿真对比结果表明,所提算法在低信噪比(-36～-34 dB)情况下,与补零算法相比,信号捕获灵敏度有约1.7 dB的提升.     

弱信号下“北斗”接收机NH码的快速捕获

在全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)中,延长相关累积时间可以有效提高弱信号捕获灵敏度,但是"北斗"中圆地球轨道/倾斜地球同步轨道(MEO/IGSO)卫星信号的捕获性能很大程度上受到二次编码(NH)码的影响:调制NH码的信号在每一个码元周期(1 ms)内都有可能发生跳变,对相关累积时间造成一定影响,从而会导致系统捕获灵敏度的下降.为此,提出了一种针对NH码的码元遍历搜索算法,通过遍历累积时间内NH码的所有组合,消除NH码码元引起的误差.实验结果显示,所提算法可以在一定程度上提高卫星信号的捕获成功率,尤其可以至少提高2 dB弱信号的捕获灵敏度.同时,算法可以为信号跟踪提供更加准确的载波频率.     

北斗二号B1信号捕获方法研究

为了缩短北斗B1信号的捕获时间,提高多普勒频率和码相位的估计精度,针对北斗NH码对差分相干累积值的影响,改进了广义差分相干累积捕获方法。并采用二次频率-码相位捕获法来提高载波多普勒频率和码相位的估计精度。理论分析与仿真实验表明,改进的广义差分相干累积法能够克服NH码的影响。用4个1ms的相干累积值,改进的广义差分法可成功捕获信噪比为-27dB的信号。最后,用实测的北斗数据验证了算法的正确性。     

基于平均相关和差分相干累积的微弱GPS C/A码信号精密捕获算法

针对弱信号条件下GPS C/A码捕获问题,提出一种基于平均相关和差分相干累积的码捕获算法。首先,引入相干能量最大值与第二大值的比值作为判决变量,仿真了各种捕获算法的虚警概率得到最佳的判决门限;然后,通过设置的判决门限获得不同多普勒频率偏差及信噪比条件下的检测概率;最后,比较了所提差分相干累积算法、相干非相干累积算法以及非相干累积算法的捕获灵敏度。仿真实验表明,在相同接收数据长度的情况下,采用差分相干累积算法比其他2种算法提高捕获灵敏度约2 dB。     

新的实现微弱GPS信号快速捕获的改进算法

为了能够在低信噪比下实现微弱信号的快速捕获,必须增加处理增益.要提高增益就要进行累积,而累积易受导航电文翻转和多普勒频偏的影响.为了克服两者的影响,传统的捕获方法通常采用相干加非相干累加的捕获算法,但是非相干累加又引入了平方损耗,并且对频率走动效应补偿有限.随着积分时间长度的加长,数据翻转和多普勒变化的影响会愈加突出,传统的算法已不能满足要求.对此,一种新的弱信号快速捕获算法被提出.该算法采用奇偶相间分别相干累加的方法进行数据补偿和并行多普勒搜索的方法进行多普勒补偿,从而在尽量延长单次相干积分时间的基础上,实现了多次相干积分结果的多次相干累加.最后计算机仿真验证,该方法是有效的和正确的,并且与传统方法相比,同样条件下,改进算法的累加次数是传统算法的1/8,捕获时间缩短了1/4以上.     

一种可克服非相干数据影响的直扩信号捕获算法

本文提出了一种可克服非相干数据调制影响的直扩信号捕获算法.该算法首先通过延迟共轭相乘克服数据位跳变影响,并通过快速傅立叶变换(FFT)计算圆周相关获得接收信号伪码相位的快速预测;然后使用捕获到的伪码相位对接收信号进行解扩,并利用FFT频谱分析完成接收信号载波多普勒频率的捕获.理论分析及仿真均表明,与已有的算法相比,本文提出的算法对数据位跳变时刻不敏感,捕获时间短,适用于非相干数据位调制直扩信号的快速捕获.     

一种改进的两级相干累加码捕获方法

为了提高伪码捕获性能,在分析常用相干-非相干码捕获平方损耗及捕获性能的基 础上,提出了一种改进的两级相干累加伪码捕获算法。通过在第二级累加之前对多普勒频偏 进行有效补偿,实现了相干累加,提高了捕获性能;采用FFT实现,解决了工程实现的难 度。与传统的相干-非相干累加码捕获算法相比,该方法具有捕获门限低、多普勒频偏可估 计等优点。计算机仿真表明,该方法仅比理论值恶化1 dB,具有高效的捕获性能。 同时,分析表明该方法实现简单、快捷,具有很好的工程应用前景。     

GPS软件接收机中的一种实用高灵敏度快速捕获算法

 Ｃ／Ａ码的捕获,在软件ＧＰＳ接收机中的地位举足轻重．通常软件ＧＰＳ接收机中没有专门用于相关运算的硬件部件,提高软件ＧＰＳ接收机的捕获灵敏度的同时降低捕获的运算量,是软件接收机实用化的关键．利用先叠加再相关的方法,可以减少相关运算的次数,但必须考虑载波误差对相关函数峰值的影响．在此基础上,研究了数据预处理中,线性插值的参数选择问题,最后,提出了最佳路径算法,进行进一步的相关累积,在延长相干累积时间长度的同时,避免导航数据跳变对累积的影响,提高捕获的灵敏度．仿真结果表明,在信噪比ＳＮＲ＝－３７ｄＢ的情况下,算法仍能捕获到所有卫星信号．实际接收的数据也表明,算法能明显增加捕获到的卫星数量．由于算法采用了多种措施来降低运算量,因此算法的运算量适中,非常适合在软件接收机中采用．     

基于FPGA高动态GPS快速捕获协处理器设计实现

高动态GPS接收机中,扩频信号捕获是系统的关键技术.由于系统的高动态特性,使GPS信号产生较大的载波多普勒频移和伪码多普勒频移,加大了信号捕获的难度.若采用通常的滑动相关捕获,需要很长的捕获时间;采用传统的全匹配滤波器结构,消耗的硬件资源太大.为提高捕获性能,分析了一种改进的折叠匹配滤波器并采用相干累加和非相干累加相结合的快速捕获方法,对GPS信号进行码相位的并行捕获,详细介绍了基于FPGA的具体实现.     

基于截断非相干累加的长码捕获方法

随着电子对抗的逐渐加剧,卫星信号的扩频体制日益复杂,对接收端的扩频码捕获造成了严峻挑战。提出一种基于截断非相干累加的Y码捕获方法,该方法以W码和P码的特定时序关系为先验知识,通过对Y码信号的截断处理、FFT相关和多段数据的非相干累加,实现低信噪比条件下的Y码信号捕获。仿真结果表明,由于加密W码的干扰,传统捕获方法已无法完成Y码信号的有效捕获,而所提截断非相干累加法仍可实现捕获,具有显著优势。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first