机载双基STAP非线性时变加权技术的研究

针对机栽双基地雷达杂波的距离相关特性,提出一种新的基于非线性时变加权(NL-TVW)技术的空时自适应处理(STAP)方法用于抑制双基杂波.该方法考虑了双基杂波角度一多普勒频率特性随距离变化的非线性因素,可有效抑制来自远、中及近距离场景中的杂波回波.此外,NL-TVW方法是与数据相关的,可自适应地补偿双基杂波的距离非平稳性而无需了解有关雷达平台或场景的先验知识.仿真结果表明:在不同双基距离的场景下,非线性时变加权法比基于线性时变加权的STAP方法和无任何补偿措施的双基STAP方法有更优的杂波抑制性能.     

一种基于改进A2DC的机载双基杂波谱补偿方法

机载双基预警雷达目标探测系统具有较高的安全性和稳健的探测性能,但其非理想探测构型会造成杂波的非平稳性。传统自适应角度多普勒补偿(A2DC)方法对每个距离门的杂波数据进行空-时两维谱中心的估计,能够有效地补偿双基杂波因复杂构型引入的非平稳误差。然而,当回波中有较强的目标干扰信号时,自适应角度多普勒补偿方法会错误地估计该距离门杂波信号的空-时中心频率,造成目标信号产生相消现象。针对该问题,文中提出一种基于改进的A2DC的双基杂波谱补偿方法。所提方法将自适应角度多普勒补偿和广义内积法相结合,在杂波非平稳误差初步补偿之后剔除含有“疑似目标”的非均匀距离样本;并用该距离门附近样本的杂波谱中心估计参数构成相应的补偿矩阵,对该距离单元杂波数据进行角度-多普勒域的谱误差精确补偿;最终根据双基杂波非平稳误差精细化补偿后的样本数据,实现地理杂波的有效抑制,且有效避免了动目标信号因空域相消导致信杂噪比严重降低的问题。机载双基雷达杂波抑制和动目标检测的仿真实验结果表明,所提方法在面对多目标信号干扰时具有优良的双基杂波距离依赖补偿效果,从而完成稳健的地理杂波对消和动目标信号的可靠探测。     

距离模糊下天空双基地预警雷达杂波抑制方法

天空双基地预警雷达杂波具有严重的非平稳性,同时存在距离模糊,使得杂波抑制变得困难。针对考虑距离模糊时天空双基地预警雷达杂波抑制问题,基于子孔径平滑处理和重构杂波协方差矩阵的思想,提出了一种非平稳杂波抑制方法。首先对某一距离环杂波数据进行子孔径平滑处理,估计出子孔径下的杂波协方差矩阵;然后计算该距离环功率谱并作为幅度值,重构模糊距离环的杂波数据和协方差矩阵;最后利用重构数据对距离模糊杂波进行空时自适应处理。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

机载双基雷达3D-STAP杂波抑制方法

机载双基雷达杂波空时分布具有严重的距离依赖性,即其分布随距离（俯仰角）的变化而变化,给杂波抑制带来困难,使传统的二维空时自适应处理（2D-STAP）性能变差。三维空时自适应处理（3D-STAP）利用俯仰维信息,将杂波谱分布由二维拓展至三维,通过在三维空间杂波谱分布的曲面上形成自适应凹口,来对杂波进行抑制。通过分析双基任意构型下的杂波在多普勒频率-水平空间频率-垂直空间频率三维空间中的分布特性,结合双基雷达体制特点,对传统3D-STAP算法进行了改进,使3D-STAP算法适用于双基情况,为双基雷达杂波抑制提供了一种新的思路。仿真表明,在典型双基构型下,与2D-STAP相比,该方法能使杂波脊附近的改善因子提高5dB左右,有效提高了杂波抑制能力,有利于低速目标的检测。     

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的机载双基雷达杂波抑制

机载双基雷达杂波与构型有关且具有严重的距离依赖性,因此杂波脊复杂多变,独立同分布(IID)的样本很少。传统的空时自适应处理(STAP)方法受独立同分布样本数的限制,对机载双基雷达杂波的抑制性能有限。基于机载雷达杂波在角度-多普勒域分布的稀疏特性和稀疏贝叶斯学习(SBL)在稀疏信号重建方面的优势,该文将SBL算法应用于较为复杂的机载双基雷达双动模式下杂波抑制,该方法可以用少量训练单元杂波估计待测距离单元的杂波协方差矩阵(CCM),然后进行空时自适应处理;同时,该算法不需要样本独立同分布,在双基双动模式下对杂波的抑制性能较好,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于最大似然估计的机载双基地雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法

针对存在距离模糊情况下机载双基地雷达杂波抑制的难题,本文分析了存在距离模糊时机载双基地雷达的杂波特性,提出了一种基于最大似然估计的机载双基地雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法.该方法首先通过最大似然估计对训练样本所包含的各个模糊距离环的杂波幅度进行估计,然后通过非均匀采样重构待检测距离门及其模糊距离环的杂波数据,再由重构的杂波数...     

机载双基雷达杂波分类及抑制方法

机载双基雷达杂波的空时分布受双基构型影响大,且具有非常严重的距离依赖性。对复杂的机载双基雷达杂波进行分类分析和抑制方法研究具有重要的意义。先对机载双基雷达杂波进行建模仿真,对于杂波分布与构型相关的现象,根据双基构型和对应的杂波分布对机载双基雷达杂波作出了较为一般化的分类,并分析讨论了不同类型杂波分布特性;针对具有严重距离依赖性的机载双基雷达杂波,提出了训练单元协方差矩阵加权平均的方法。相比于传统训练单元协方差矩阵求和平均的方法,算法仿真证明改进的算法在3类构型下的杂波抑制效果均有明显的提高,为双基雷达杂波抑制提供了新的处理方法。     

双基雷达STAP杂波非静态特性消除技术

空时自适应处理(STAP)是机载和星载双基雷达中的关键技术.双基雷达运动目标检测性能高低取决于杂波消除方法的好坏,而双基雷达杂波非静态特性严重恶化了双基运动目标检测性能.为此,必须采取一定措施来减轻杂波非静态特性的影响.当前,已有3类杂波消除方法可用于抑制杂波非静态特性的影响.文中研究这些方法的改善因子性能及其兼容性.     

低重频数据辅助的近程杂波抑制方法

针对机载非正侧视雷达的距离非平稳杂渡抑制问题,提出了一种低重频数据辅助的俯仰预滤波方法,用于滤除距离非平稳的近程杂波.该方法在无俯仰主瓣杂波信号的低重频数据域选取训练样本,并采用自适应俯仰空间频率补偿技术估计协方差矩阵,能够得到较理想的俯仰自适应方向图.推导了近程杂波俯仰维杂波秩的计算公式,为近程杂波抑制提供了理论支撑.在滤除距离非平稳的近程杂波后,能为方位-多普勒空时自适应处理器提供距离平稳的训练样本,使其性能明显改善.仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

改进的非均匀频率采样配准双基杂波抑制方法

机载双基地雷达杂波的距离依赖性降低空时自适应处理(STAP)杂波抑制能力,频率非均匀采样配准(RB-NFS)技术通过数据域信号处理可缓解杂波的距离依赖性.对该技术在机载双基地杂波抑制中面临的问题进行深入分析并给出改进方法,针对频率非均匀采样配准中杂波空时导向矩阵构造复杂,且存在杂波抑制不充分现象,提出引入广义逆矩阵或采...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks