金属基超疏水制备方法与应用浅述

金属表面疏水/超疏水性能的研究是当今多学科研究的热点和难点。总结了近些年国内外金属基超疏水表面研究取得的一些成果,介绍了几种重要的金属基超疏水表面的制备方法,归纳了目前金属基超疏水表面在几个领域成功应用的成果,说明了金属基超疏水研究方法现存的问题,最后展望了金属基超疏水功能应用前景。     

化学/电化学法制备金属基超疏水表面研究进展

主要从增材和减材两个方面总结了国内外金属基超疏水表面的制备现状,重点讨论了化学法、电化学法以及其组合法等加工方法,并阐述了各方法的优缺点。最后提出金属基超疏水表面制备技术的展望,未来研究应在坚持工艺过程简单、成本低廉、易于实现、可控性好等原则的基础上,重点提高超疏水表面的可靠性和工作寿命。     

仿生超疏水表面的制备技术及其进展

仿生超疏水表面具有防水、自清洁等优良特性.自然界中存在许多无污染、自清洁的动植物表面,如超疏水的荷叶表面、超疏水各向异性的水稻叶表面、超疏水的暗翼表面等.影响材料表面润湿性的主要因素育材料表面能、表面粗糙度和表面微一纳结构.超疏水表面的自清洁功能源自于表面形貌与低表面能物质的共同作用,可以通过两类技术路线来制备超疏水表面:控制材料表面能和修饰微细结构表面.     

聚(邻苯二酚-己二胺)-聚苯乙烯复合材料的亲疏水性能研究

浸润性是材料表面的重要性能之一。本文选择邻苯二酚和己二胺作为单体在温和条件下聚合,制备超亲水、超疏水涂层。以制备的单分散聚苯乙烯微球为模板,通过在其表面沉积聚酚胺,利用简单的化学沉积法分别制备超亲水和超疏水涂层。通过红外、热重、扫描电镜等对其进行了表征,研究了其亲、疏水性能,并对其原因进行了探究。     

超疏水换热器抑霜/化霜性能的实验研究

超疏水表面可有效抑制结霜,但其在换热器尺度的制备及抑霜/化霜研究较为缺乏,限制了超疏水改性技术在解决空气源热泵结霜问题上的应用。为获取超疏水换热器的抑霜/化霜性能,通过对常规翅片管换热器进行溶液刻蚀和表面氟化,整体化制备了超疏水换热器。搭建了换热器结霜/化霜实验系统,对比研究了亲水、常规和超疏水换热器的结霜与化霜特性。结果表明：在相同实验工况下结霜60 min,超疏水换热器的结霜量比亲水和常规型分别减少了18.0%和38.6%;化霜时,得益于霜层从翅片表面直接剥落,超疏水换热器的化霜时间短、能耗低。     

白铜超疏水表面的构建及耐蚀性能的研究

超疏水膜具有良好的防腐蚀性能,能够有效地延长金属制品的使用寿命,提高经济效益.选取白铜作为研究对象,采用化学刻蚀氧化自组装法进行超疏水膜表面的制备.通过交流阻抗和极化曲线法,在模拟海水条件下,利用三电极体系对超疏水表面的耐蚀性能进行了研究和测定.结果表明,所制备的白铜超疏水表面的接触角达到了154°,在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的缓蚀效率有99.1%,具备较高的超疏水性能和耐蚀性能,且其表面具有微纳米级的树枝状结构.     

支撑剂表面疏水处理方法的研究

对支撑剂表面进行疏水处理可以使其在支撑裂缝、防砂的同时起到降低油田产出水的目的。疏水表面处理方法共分为普通疏水及超疏水两大类。普通疏水表面制备方法分为表面活性剂、有机硅材料、含氟材料3个方面;超疏水表面制备方法分为溶胶-凝胶法、电纺法、模版法、层层自组装法和刻蚀法。对其处理结果等进行对比,结合现场已有的抑水支撑剂应用情况,提出将疏水表面制备方法应用于支撑剂。使用表面活性剂对石英表面进行疏水性改造实验,发现阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的效果最好,接触角由13.7°增大到73.2°。此时表面张力为48.88mN/m,吸附量为0.292mg/g。     

静电纺丝法制备超疏水微纳米纤维的研究进展

超疏水纤维膜因其独特表面性能成为功能表面领域的研究热点。静电纺丝技术作为一种新兴技术,设备操作简单,可高效调控纳米纤维表面形貌,实现微米-纳米双级结构自组装,从而获得超疏水微纳米纤维表面材料,利用此技术所制备微纳米纤维表面形貌及其物理性质接近于天然纤维超疏水材料。首先简要介绍了超疏水表面自清洁的基础理论和静电纺丝法的技术原理,进而重点对近期静电纺丝技术制备超疏水表面材料的最新研究进展进行了综述与分析。     

铝合金基底上超疏水表面的制备及性能研究

为探究金属表面超疏水现象对材料功能的影响,利用简单、低成本的酸刻蚀加氟硅烷修饰的方法,在6061铝合金基底上成功制备出了超疏水表面,并对其润湿性能、自清洁性能、耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,制备的表面具有良好超疏水性能,水滴最大接触角达158.5°,滚动角小于5°。自清洁实验证明了水滴可以轻松地带走表面的微小灰尘颗粒。电化学测试表明超疏水表面有效地阻挡了腐蚀介质与金属基体的接触,显著提高了金属的耐腐蚀性能,为金属材料防腐蚀提供了新的思路。     

中科院多功能耐久性超疏水材料研究获系列进展

<正>中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所的研究人员开发出了一种简单、高效的耐久性超疏水材料的制备新工艺,克服了超疏水材料表面结构易损坏、耐久性差,以及难于大规模制备等难题。研究人员将织物浸泡在聚四氟蜡和氟化石墨混合分散液中并加热固化,制得了超疏水材料,其接触     

Preparation and application of gallium-based conductive materials in the very recent years

Gallium and its alloys are a group of metallic materials with low-melting points at or around room temperature. Apart from the good electrical conductivity, the unique liquid state endows those metals with excellent compliance and self-healing capacity,which present great value in the development of flexible and stretchable electronics. Constrained by the high surface tension and low viscosity, however, liquid metals cannot be applied to some common microelectronics manufacturing technologies such as micro-electro mechanics in the preceding years, which impedes their mass production in electronic devices. To address these issues and broaden the applications of liquid metals in electronics devices, numerous efforts have been taken and great progress has been made especially in the very recent years. This review summaries the recent development of liquid metal-based conductive materials from the aspects of preparation or modification methods and their accommodative fabrication techniques in flexible electronic applications. Further outlook including expectations and challenges of liquid metal-based conductive materials are also presented.     

航空发动机复杂曲面零件数控加工刀具轨迹规划研究分析

整体叶盘等复杂曲面零件是航空发动机中的核心零件,其数控加工技术中的关键是刀具轨迹的规划技术.本文针对当今国内外复杂曲面的数控加工刀具轨迹规划的研究现状和发展进行了分析.主要对复杂曲面数控加工中三种主要刀具的轨迹规划进行了对比分析,并对刀具轨迹规划中的关键技术进行了分析,包括：轨迹拓扑、轨迹参数、干涉避免和刀轴控制的算法理论和适用特点,并对刀具轨迹规划中的曲线插补和刀具组合方向进行了分析和展望,为后续研究提升零件数控加工效率和质量打下了基础.     

A general,rapid and solvent-free approach to fabricating nanostructured polymer surfaces

A general, rapid and solvent-free approach is proposed to fabricate nanostructured polymer surfaces by coupling ultrasonic vibration and anodized aluminum oxide templating. With our approach, hollow nanorods or nanofibers with controlled diameter and length are prepared on polymer surfaces. The whole fabrication process is completed in ~30 s and equally applicable to polymers of different crystalline structures. The wettability of the as-fabricated polymer surfaces(being hydrophilic, hydrophobic, highly hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic) is readily regulated by adjusting the welding time from 0 s to a maximum of 10 s. Our approach can be a promising industrial basis for manufacturing functional nanomaterials in the fields of electronics, optics, sensors, biology, medicine, coating, or fluidic technologies.     

Preparation of PDVB/TiO_2 composites and the study on the oil-water separation and degradation performances

The traditional superhydrophobic materials are not ideal for treating residual pollutants after oil-water separation. In this paper, a simple and economical method was developed for the fabrication of multi-functional superhydrophobic materials PDVB_x/TiO_2 composites, through in situ polymerization. The performance of the superhydrophobic composite was studied. The results showed that the low surface energy of PDVB_(2.5)/TiO_2 composite with the micro-nano scale roughness would result in excellent superhydrophobicity. In addition, the PDVB_(2.5)/TiO_2 composite exhibits optimum effect on the degradation of methyl orange(MO) with the degradation efficiency of 97.8%. What is more, the applications of the composite materials could be expanded to other fields, such as the degradation of drug ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CIP). Finally, we expanded the application of the PDVB_x/TiO_2 composites to tribology, and found its excellent performance in reducing wear and antiwear.     

Comparative Study of Structure and Property Changes in Corrosive Media for Self-cleaning Superhydrophobic Magnesium Alloys

Magnesium alloys with superhydrophobicity are constructed by controlling rough surface structure and grafting long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Changes of morphology, phase structure, chemical composition as well as wettability, corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic magnesium alloy upon immersing in corrosive media are investigated comparatively. Meanwhile, the contaminating particles on as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces can be taken away easily by rolling water droplets. Therefore, the results show that as-prepared superhydrophobic magnesium alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance and self-healing performance. Finally, anti-corrosion and self-cleaning mechanisms are deduced. It can be concluded that it is an effective strategy of preparing superhydrophobic surfaces for improving the corrosion resistance and selfcleaning performance of magnesium alloys.     

液滴碰撞不同湿润性表面的行为特征

为了探究湿润性对液滴撞击行为特性的影响,制备超亲水、亲水、超疏水高黏附、超疏水低黏附4类湿润性表面.利用直径为1.96、2.61、3.06 mm的液滴,在不同的高度下开展液滴碰撞4类湿润性表面的实验.结果表明,在不同We下,液滴碰撞特性受撞击表面湿润性的影响较大,在亲水以及超亲水表面主要表现为铺展特性,但在超亲水表面扩展更显著;在超疏水低黏附以及高黏附表面主要表现为弹跳特性,但当表面为低黏附时,液滴主要表现为完全弹跳.在We-Re坐标下,4类表面各自的液滴碰撞特性可以划分为差异明显的不同铺展或者弹跳现象.4类表面各自的扩展系数β随无量纲时间τ的变化趋势随We的变化基本保持不变,但β的最大值随We的增大而增大.     

等离子体电解及其在表面技术中的应用

等离子体电解过程可以产生多种物理化学效应,利用其效应发展了各种新兴的现代表面技术.本文论述了等离子体电解的产生途径及其过程的物理化学效应、以及在表面技术方面的应用和研究现状;并展望了它在表面技术方面的应用前景.     

高精度小型陀螺仪关键器件加工技术研究进展

主要介绍超流体陀螺仪、原子陀螺仪和微半球陀螺仪3种陀螺仪关键器件的结构特点、质量技术指标和制备技术要求,阐述高精度微小型陀螺仪核心器件的制备技术研究进展;详细综述普遍采用的MEMS加工技术及微纳加工技术等制造工艺;对比分析各关键器件的制备工艺,重点阐述各相关工艺存在的优势和局限性;分析微谐振器各制备工艺中模具加工技术的工艺特点及其对微谐振器制备质量的影响;探讨各关键器件的制备方法研究进展以及存在的问题与挑战,以期为后续微纳制造技术与陀螺仪技术的结合提供参考,并进一步推动相关制备技术的实际工程应用.