基于延时相乘及其改进算法的DS/FH信号率线检测

针对DS/FH（直扩/跳频）混合扩频信号截获和参数估计问题,提出了一种基于延时相 乘结合自适应滤波和分段自相关的新方法。该算法首先将输入信号进行自适应滤波以提高 信噪比,滤波后送入延时相乘器,最后将乘积后数据分段进行自相关,通过分析谱图即可检 测DS/FH混合扩频信号的码速率谱线。计算机仿真显示,改进的算法不但能适应低信噪比( -2 0 dB)条件下DS/FH混合扩频信号的检测,而且同时能够实现对码速率的估计。该方法所用 算法简单,适合采用硬件设计实现,且如果是合作目标信号,搜索时间短,实时性强。     

直扩／跳频混合扩频信号测量性能分析

从模糊函数角度,研究了直扩/跳频(DS/FH)混合扩频信号的测距、测速性能.推导了DS/FH混合扩频信号的模糊函数表达式.由数值仿真得到一个跳频点内传递一个直扩伪码周期的混合扩频信号模糊图.仿真分析结果表明,DS/FH混合扩频信号具有良好的测距测速性能,从而论证了该信号用于跟踪测量的可行性.最后,根据信号估计理论分析了直扩/跳频混合扩频信号精度.     

基于空时频分析的多FH/DS信号DOA估计

提出了一种基于空时频分析的跳频/直扩(Frequency Hopping & Direct Sequence, FH/DS)信号的波达方向(DOA, Direction of Arrival)估计方法,该方法能够在欠定条件下(传感器数目小于信号数目)实现多个FH/DS信号的精确测向.首先对每个阵元的数据进行时频变换,得到全景时频图;再在时频域提取有效hop,并根据各阵元的时频值建立每点的空时频矩阵;最后分别运用基于线性空时频方法和二次空时频方法估计每hop信号的DOA.仿真结果验证了方法的有效性.     

DS/FH快跳频系统设计和窄带干扰抑制

跳频通信具有一定的抗窄带干扰的能力,跳速越高抗窄带干扰的能力越强.在DS/FH跳频系统中,解跳之后干扰信号存在于部分的扩频信号,相当于扩频信号内存在时变的干扰信号.文中将Turbo纠错码和分集合并技术联合应用于DS/FH快跳频系统中,利用信号的分集特性,采用奇异值分解的算法检测受干扰的跳频信号,将未受干扰的跳频信号合并,结果表明采用Turbo码的快速跳频方式时可以实现窄带干扰抑制.     

基于时域分割的DS/FH信号参数估计

针对时频分析方法在直扩/跳频(DS/FH)混合扩频信号参数估计中存在时频分辨率受限、交叉项干扰、实时性差等缺点,通过分析DS/FH信号的时频特性,提出了一种新的DS/FH信号参数估计方法。该方法从待测信号的时域分析出发,利用不同跳频点对应的周期数不相等的性质,完成了对DS/FH信号的时域分割,最后结合DS/FH信号性质完成了对待测信号跳频周期、驻留时间、跳频频率的估计。仿真结果表明,该方法针对DS/FH信号的参数估计精度高,运算速度较快,且没有干扰频率。     

结合图像处理与时频分析的直扩/跳频信号参数估计

为实现扩频带宽大于跳频间隔、干扰信号强度较大及存在信道噪声时直扩/跳频(DS/FH)信号参数精确估计,提出了一种结合图像处理算法与时频分析技术的DS/FH信号参数估计方法。该方法首先利用时频分析算法提取DS/FH信号的时频分布图,然后结合干扰分量在时频图中的图像特征,利用图像处理的开运算与闭运算剔除了图像中的孤立干扰点及"空洞"干扰点。特别地,为抑制复杂的毛刺干扰信号提出了一种迭代相关匹配算法。最后通过分析图像像素位置与时频参数的对应关系完成DS/FH信号的参数估计。仿真实验表明,该方法可以有效消除干扰信号的影响,准确快速提取混合扩频信号的时频参数。     

高速DS/FH系统中的能量检测辅助同步方法

同步是高速DS/FH混合扩频系统的关键技术之一。针对高速DS/FH混合扩频系统的需求,提出了一种快速同步方法,通过在随时间变化的同步信道上传输同步信息,并通过能量检测辅助等待搜索的方式捕获同步信号。数学分析表明,此方法用较少的系统资源,获得了较短的捕获时间和较强的抗干扰性能。     

一种快速的DS/FH混合扩频信号捕获方案及其性能分析

为了提高DS/FH混合扩频信号的捕获速度,提出了一种将DS/FH信号中三维搜索转化为二维搜索的快速捕获方案。通过对搜索过程的详细分析,推导出在单、双驻留条件下的平均捕获时间数学表达式以及高斯信道下系统的检测性能计算公式。理论推导与仿真结果表明:相对于传统的捕获方式,该方案有效地缩短了系统的平均捕获时间,具有更强的抗噪性能,适用于存在较强噪声的复杂通信环境。     

面向DS/FH信号的循环平稳空时频测向算法

综合采用直接序列扩频(DSSS)和跳频扩频(FHSS)体制的直序/跳频(DS/FH)通信信号显著降低了单位时频面积上的功率,经典的时频-多信号分类(TF-MUSIC)算法对这一类信号进行入射角(DOA)估计时误差较大。为解决该问题,本文对TF-MUSIC算法进行改进,在时频二维平面上计算DS/FH信号的时频特征值,并设计相应的时频掩膜滤波核函数,再根据估计出来的循环平稳频率计算相应的循环平稳空间自相关矩阵,得到了循环平稳可变核函数TF-MUSIC(CVCFTF-MUSIC)算法。该算法可显著提高DOA估计的精确度,数值仿真验证了上述观点。     

跳频/扩频电子系统抗干扰性能分析

抗干扰通信是电子战组成的重要部分。在现代战争中发挥着愈来愈显著的作用。扩展频谱系统具有很强的抗干扰性能，被广泛地应用于军事通信和民用通信中。本文论述了抗干扰中常用的跳频(Frequency Hopping，FH)、直接序列扩频(Direct Sequence，DS)和多进制扩频(Multi-Direct Sequence，MDS)的工作原理及其对抗跟踪干扰的能力，重点分析了跳频体制下抗干扰性能。推导出了干扰机时2种跳数的跳频设备的干扰效率。并给出了结论。最后作者认为在今后相当长的时期内。跳频体制设备仍然是电子战(ECCM能力)的主要设备。     

一种基于二分试探法的相干扩频快捕系统

利用辅助序列与接收PN码的线性相关性,在搜索方向判决准确的前提下,折半的查找范围对应折半的误差范围,达到应用二分法大步进缩小查找范围,从而有效的加快捕获速度,与常规步进滑动相关法相比,该捕获系统能够有效改善长PN码的捕获性能。     

信息驱动DS/FH通信系统性能分析

扩跳频通信技术以其良好的抗干扰能力广泛地应用于现代军事与民用通信中,但其频谱效率不够高。因此本文给出了一种信息驱动扩跳频(MD-DS/FH)通信系统模型,即在发射机中的跳频图案不再由传统的跳频码发生器驱动,而由所传输的部分信息数据来代替,并且接收机釆用包络检测器对载波频率进行盲检测。本文推导了AWGN与Rayleigh衰落信道下系统的误比特率公式,给出了闭合表达式,并通过仿真验证了理论推导的正确性。理论分析与仿真结果表明,所给通信系统在提高扩跳频通信系统频谱效率的同时,也提高了系统的误比特率和抗阻塞噪声干扰性能。      

PN acquisition for DS/SS using a preloop parallel binary search phase estimator and a closed-loop selective search subsystem

An acquisition method of long pseudo-noise (PN) sequences in direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) systems is presented. The concurrent cross correlation of locally generated auxiliary signals with the incoming PN sequence produces binary search estimates leading to an initial approximation of the input signal's PN offset. The PN receiver then uses a closed-loop subsystem to determine the true offset of the incoming PN signal. New phase estimates are generated from successive corrections of likely errors in the binary search. The acquisition scheme's average acquisition time and its variance are analytically determined. Simulation results show that the proposed acquisition scheme is faster than the conventional serial receiver. A hybrid serial/parallel PN acquisition receiver is used for comparing the acquisition performance given similar hardware complexity. The hybrid receiver used the same number of parallel correlators as used in the proposed receiver's input phase estimator. Simulation results show that the proposed system provides an improved performance under normal operating conditions.     

低轨卫星直扩通信系统快速码捕获算法的设计

直接序列扩频用于低轨卫星通信可以解决抗敌意干扰问题,但多普勒频移下码捕获是需要解决的关键技术。基于离散时间信号处理分析了多普勒频差对码捕获性能的影响,给出部分匹配滤波器与FFT结合的码捕获算法原理。针对大频差、长地址码直扩系统的快速码捕获问题,提出了一种二次部分匹配滤波器与FFT结合算法的实现方案,在考虑捕获性能与实现复杂度之间的折衷上,具有很强的灵活性。     

New Code Acquisition Techniques in Spread-Spectrum Communication

New techniques for acquiring the codes used in frequency hopping (FH), hybrid frequency hopping/time hopping (FH/TH), and frequency hopping/direct sequence (FH/DS) spread-spectrum systems are presented. Autoregressive spectral estimation is employed to recover the FH code, quadrature processing is used for the DS code, while the TH gating code is recovered by a simple threshold test used in conjunction with the adaptive filter used for the spectral estimation. A wide margin of spectral estimation errors can be tolerated since an acquisition logic is used to estimate the FH code phase. The proposed techniques require acquisition times only of the order of the shift-register generator lengths, whereas other schemes of serial and parallel search require acquisition times of the order of the code lengths. Detailed simulation results will identify the working carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) range for the different techniques presented as well as the various thresholds involved.     

A coherent acquisition method for a PN sequence using binary searchand an auxiliary sequence

Direct sequence spread spectrum systems require a local replica of the pseudonoise (PN) sequence to be synchronized with the received signal's spreading code. A method is proposed to improve the PN sequence acquisition time and decrease the acquisition time variability. The proposed method is based on a binary search algorithm. At each stage of the algorithm, an auxiliary signal is used to formulate a new search region within the PN sequence, and at each stage the search region is reduced by half. The region containing the incoming PN phase is therefore obtained within O(log₂ (N+1)) steps. A closed loop coherent PN acquisition algorithm presented by Salih and Tantaratana (1996) motivated the use of the auxiliary signal, and the algorithm of Salih et al. is also used for comparison. Results indicate the algorithm presented in this paper can achieve a factor of two to three times improvement in the mean acquisition time with a significant decrease in the acquisition time variability     

DS spread spectrum signal acquisition using adaptive threshold techniques

Initial synchronization (i.e. acquisition) of the spreading wave-form is a significant problem in spread spectrum system design. In this paper, adaptive threshold techniques are employed in a serial search acquisition scheme for direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum signals to improve the mean acquisition time of the system. Two approaches for adpative threshold modelling are presented, analysed and compared, namely the sample test approach and the probability-of-error approach. The results show that, using an adaptive threshold, a significant improvement may be achieved in the mean acquisition time for a certain range of interference-to-signal ratios (ISRS). The type of interference assumed is narrowband interference, from which DS spread spectrum systems suffer most, in addition to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种直扩信号伪码周期及序列的盲估计方法

论述了功率谱二次处理理论和信号子空间分解方法在直接序列扩频(DS/SS)信号的伪码周期估计以及伪码序列盲估计中的应用,提出了利用功率谱二次处理结合信号子空间分解的方法以实现对低信噪比DS/SS信号的完全估计.计算机模拟结果表明,该方法在较低的输入信噪比条件下能良好地工作.     

基于传播算子的DS-SS信号扩频波形估计

扩频信号波形估计的本质是信号子空间估计。针对直接序列扩频（Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum,DS-SS）信号的扩频波形估计问题,提出了一种基于传播算子的估计算法。针对现有算法估计信号子空间计算量较大的不足,所提算法利用传播算子估计信号子空间。理论分析了所提算法与现有算法的计算量和性能,并进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明所提算法有效,且计算量远小于现有算法。