可生物降解润滑剂的发展概况

随着社会的发展和进步,人类对环境的关注日益加强,可生物降解润滑剂的研制势在必行。综述了可生物降解润滑剂的定义、组成、应用及研究现状,并指出了研究可生物降解润滑剂过程中值得重视的问题。     

基于植物油的绿色润滑剂研究及应用

针对植物油氧化稳定性和低温性能差的问题,综述了植物油作为润滑剂原料的可行性,以及通过氢化、酯交换和环氧化等多种化学改性方法制备表面活性剂、抗磨液压油和金属加工液等润滑剂的研究进展,可望为深入研究开发基于植物油的绿色可再生润滑剂提供参考和借鉴。     

汽车板材构件冲压润滑剂的研制

为了提高汽车板材冲压件表面质量和汽车冲压工艺过程的稳定性,通过对润滑剂基础油及其他添加剂的考察和筛选,确定了一种新的汽车板材构件冲压润滑剂的配方。经过一年多的实验研究和在国内某汽车零件生产厂家的成功应用表明,结果汽车板材构件冲压润滑剂不仅具有良好的润滑性能、工间防锈性,确保板材构件冲压成形的质量,而且还具有优良的氧化安定性、冷却性能、极压抗磨性。此外,工厂使用后每天润滑剂消耗量减少28%以上,模具使用寿命提高30%,完全满足生产各类型汽车板材构件冲压润滑的使用要求,性价比极高。     

餐饮废油制备脂肪酸新戊二醇酯型合成润滑剂基础油的研究

以精制餐饮废油为原料,经水解得到餐饮废油基混合脂肪酸。在HND-26固体酸催化剂作用下,该类脂肪酸与新戊二醇发生酯化反应,制备出脂肪酸新戊二醇酯型合成润滑剂基础油。通过单因素实验得到最佳反应条件:反应温度120℃、反应时间3.5 h、催化剂用量2%、醇酸质量比1∶4和溶剂用量40%,脂肪酸转化率可达99.31%。经红外光谱等检测证实了目标产物的存在。理化性能研究表明,该类基础油具有适宜的粘度,较高的黏度指数和较低的倾点。摩擦学研究表明,该类基础油具有良好的减摩抗磨性。     

餐饮废油制备脂肪酸新戊二醇酯型合成润滑剂基础油的研究

以精制餐饮废油为原料,经水解得到餐饮废油基混合脂肪酸。在HND-26固体酸催化剂作用下,该类脂肪酸与新戊二醇发生酯化反应,制备出脂肪酸新戊二醇酯型合成润滑剂基础油。通过单因素实验得到最佳反应条件:反应温度120℃、反应时间3.5 h、催化剂用量2%、醇酸质量比1∶4和溶剂用量40%,脂肪酸转化率可达99.31%。经红外光谱等检测证实了目标产物的存在。理化性能研究表明,该类基础油具有适宜的粘度,较高的黏度指数和较低的倾点。摩擦学研究表明,该类基础油具有良好的减摩抗磨性。     

环境友好润滑剂的发展现状

介绍了世界上环境友好润滑剂的发展过程,概述了环境友好润滑剂的概念和生物降解性及生态毒性的试验方法,分析了常用润滑油基础油和添加剂的生物降解性能。     

润滑剂极压抗磨添加剂发展概述

简要地概括了润滑极压抗磨添加剂的发展现状和研究动态，对各种极压抗磨添加剂进行了比较和总结。并特别指出：含硼化合物和稀土化合物作为润滑极压抗磨添加剂在摩擦学领域具有很好的应用前景，同时纳米摩擦学是目前和今后摩擦化学研究最活跃的领域之一。     

聚氯乙烯外润滑剂高分子复合酯的中试研究

叙述了聚氯乙烯用外润滑剂高分子复合酯的中试合成工艺,讨论了影响中试产品质量的因素,并对其应用性能作了简要介绍。     

润滑剂EBS的合成与应用

综述了乙撑双硬脂酰胺（ＥＢＳ）的各种合成方法,并详细介绍了这种润滑在各领域的应用。     

润滑剂与润滑油添加剂工业掀起合并浪潮

亚洲的金融危机已经影响到全球的润滑剂和润滑油添加剂市场,面对压力,各大公司掀起合并浪潮,以期增强其市场竞争力;在萧条的润滑剂市场中,合成润滑剂异军突起,增长势头强劲。     

多种合成润滑基础油的发展应用

现代战机发动机润滑系统的工作条件越发苛刻,石油基基础油的某些性能已无法满足其使用要求,这使得合成润滑基础油得到了迅速发展。本文概述了合成润滑基础油的种类、发展及其应用,重点对聚α-烯烃、酯类油和硅油的性能和用途等进行了分析。与石油基基础油相比,合成润滑基础油具有独特的性质,广泛用作高质量润滑油基础油。     

Synthesis and characterization of synthetic lubricants based on dibasic acid

Synthetic esters have long been used in a variety of applications due to their excellent thermal stability, excellent cleanliness, natural lubricity, and polarity. In the present work, we aimed to prepare some synthetic base oils through preparation of different dibasic esters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids (adipic acid and azelaic acid) with different linear alcohols (hexanol, octanol, and decanol) and branched alcohol (2-ethyl hexanol) at 120°C. The reaction yield ranges between 85% and 94%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the structures of the produced compounds. Using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), the heat stability of the produced esters was determined, and it was found that the prepared esters have high thermal stability. The degradation of the prepared esters takes place in the range between 300 and 600°C. The rheological behaviour of prepared esters shows Newtonian behaviours, which means that Newtonian fluids obey viscosity Newton's law. The viscosity is independent of the shear rate. The results showed that the lubricity properties, based on their pour point, flash point, and oxidation stability of the esters, were significantly affected by the linear and branched alcohols used. There is a slight increase in kinematic viscosity and viscosity index values with decreasing the internal chain length of the dibasic acid. The esters which were based on adipic acid such as C₁ exhibited maximum values of VI: 187 compared to those which were based on azelaic acid such as F₁ with VI: 182. Viscosity and viscosity index increases with increasing the number of carbon atoms of the used mono-ol alcohols. Using branched alcohols gave almost the same viscosity results compared to using linear alcohol with the same number of carbons. Almost all prepared esters give pour point results ≤ −30°C.     

Understanding the lubrication mechanism between the polyhydroxyl group lubricants and metal surfaces

This paper presents the comparative studies to clarify the tribochemical reactions and disclose the tribochemical mechanisms of the polyhydroxyl group lubricants with different molecular structures and the lubrication performances of the friction pair of Nitinol alloy pin/high speed steel disc using pin-on-disc tribometer. The tribotest results show that all polyhydroxyl group lubricants can improve the lubrication performances of the friction pair and only castor oil exhibits super low friction of 0.005. It is shown that there is first the dissociation of castor oil in the presence of ester groups and then castor oil and the hydrolysis products of castor oil are easily oxidized by oxygen due to the double bonds and hydroxyl groups under the friction heating and high pressure. The sole results of the dissociations of castor oil and tribological oxidations are the provisions of the chemical reaction pathways to form the OH-terminated surfaces. Super low friction of the friction pair under castor oil lubrication can be attributed to occurring between the triboinduced degradations and oxidations, tribochemical reactions and triboformed OH-terminated surfaces resulting in the strong repulsive forces. These experimental results and analyses will support strongly and elucidate the super low friction mechanism from both scientific and application viewpoints.     

聚α-烯烃合成油及其在润滑油中的地位

随着润滑油规格的日益严格,对高质量润滑油的需求呈增长趋势,对合成油的需求量明显增长。合成油中的聚α-烯烃(PAO)是市场需求增长最快的品种之一。国外PAO的生产主要采用乙烯齐聚法生产,国内目前主要采用石蜡裂解法生产,其产品质量与国外相比有较大的差距。作者对此提出了相关发展建议。引用文献8 篇。     

Esterification reaction of oleic acid with a fusel oil fraction for production of lubricating oil

In this study, the esterification of oleic acid with a fraction of fusel oil was investigated. The variables that affect ester yield, such as temperature, molar ratio of oleic acid to alcohol, and amount of catalyst, were determined. Powdered silica gel was chosen to remove water instead of granular silica gel, magnesium sulfate, or benzene. The behavior of amyl alcohols and the fusel oil fraction was compared. The esterification reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions selected as optimal, and the ester conversion of the reaction was 97.3%. The product mixture compressed products, excess reactants, catalyst, and desiccant. Oleate ester and oleic acid (2.7%) were obtained using the refinement steps of filtration, evaportation, washing with distilled water, and drying over sodium sulfate.     

长碳链二元酸酯的合成及其物化性能

以杂多酸为催化剂、不同链长的二元酸为原料,合成了系列长碳链二元酸二元酯,考察了影响合成反应的因素及碳链长度对合成酯物化性能的影响. 结果表明,在回流温度160℃、醇/酸摩尔比3:1、催化剂用量为总质量1%、反应时间120 min、带水剂用量为总质量10%的条件下,酯化率达98%以上. 合成的酯具有良好的物化性能,其倾点最低为-74℃,闪点最高为258℃,粘度指数最大为187,优于现有商业化酯类润滑油基础油,达到现有航空润滑油基础油的标准. 随着碳链增长,合成酯粘度增大,增加醇碳链长度对粘度的影响大于增加酸碳链长度的影响.     

13C NMR spectroscopic characterization of trimethylol propane ester lubricants

The ability to identify the different acyl groups present in lubricants composed of mixed acid esters of trimethylol propane by¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is demonstrated. The technique discriminates between esters with acyl groups containing between 5 and 10 carbon atoms and can be used similarly to identify acyl groups in pentaerythritol or neopentyl glycol ester lubricants.     

化工装置车间级润滑油站的星级管理

从网络健全、合理布局,引入TPM管理、引入色标管理、管理落实到人等方面,对润滑油站管理进行探索,进一步提高设备管理水平,最大限度地保障装置的平稳运行。     

Depression of pour points of vegetable oils by blending with diluents used for biodegradable lubricants

Low-temperature properties need improvement before vegetable oils can receive wider recognition as biodegradable lubricants. Effects of dilution with major biodegradable fluids, namely poly alpha olefin (PAO 2), diisodecyl adipate (DIDA), and oleates, as well as impact of pour point depressant (PPD), were investigated. Since solidification of mixed unsaturated triacylglycerols is a complex thermodynamic process, the study was limited to pour point determinations. Vegetable oils demonstrated higher pour points with increased saturation and molecular weight. Cis unsaturation and hydroxy groups favored lower pour points. Dilution with oleates appeared less effective than dilution with PAO 2 and DIDA. Addition of 1% PPD (w/w) depressed pour points down to −33°C for canola and −24°C for high-oleic sunflower oils. However, neither higher amounts of PPD nor incorporation of diluent produced further depression. Depression of pour points was not proportional to the amount of diluent and ceased with further dilution. Low-temperature performance of vegetable oils limits their prospect as biodegradable lubricants, but well-balanced usage of PPD and diluents can deliver some improvements.     

Preparation of glycol derivatives of partially hydrogenated soybean oil fatty acids and their potential as lubricants

Glycol diesters and mixtures of mono- and diesters have been prepared from methyl esters of partially hydrogenated soybean oil fatty acids and diethylene, dipropylene, neopentyl and triethylene glycols. The catalyst used in these reactions was a mixture of calcium acetate/barium acetate (3∶1, w/w). The reactions were carried out under nitrogen with 0.5% catalyst at temperatures in the range of 190–275°C. Borated esters of mixed mono- and diesters were prepared with 0.33 equivalent of boric acid per 1.0 equivalent hydroxyl group on the ester. Refractive indices, viscosities, and flash and fire points were determined for diesters, mixed mono- and diesters, and mixed diesters and borated esters. The viscosities, flash points and fire points indicate that these esters can be used as a component of lubricating oils. Wear-prevention characteristics of mixed diesters and borated esters indicated that they can be used as antifriction additives in lubricating oils. Lecture presented at the joint meeting of the International Society for Fat Research and the American Oil Chemists' Society in Toronto, May 10, 1992.