C272萃取剂在稀土分离中的研究进展

综述了C272对稀土萃取分离性能的研究,比较了萃取剂C272与P507的优缺点,并指出单一 C272未能在稀土萃取分离应用的原因.详细介绍了C272与其它萃取剂混合作为稀土分离的协同萃取剂,阐述了协同萃取剂具有良好的萃取性能,并克服了单一 C272萃取剂的不足,分析了C272与不同类型萃取剂协同萃取分离稀土的行为,并解...     

基于高速喷淋法的粗四氯化锗萃取提纯工艺的研究

本研究开发了粗四氯化锗的高速喷淋萃取提纯工艺,并设计了专用的萃取试验装置,考察了萃取剂酸度、萃取相比和萃取温度对萃取效果的影响.结果表明:在萃取剂酸度为12 N,四氯化锗和萃取剂的体积比为1:2.5,萃取夹层循环液控温5℃,萃取喷淋萃取时间为10 min,萃后静置时间为4 h的条件下,除砷率高达99.4％,锗损失率仅为...     

石油亚砜萃取钯(Ⅱ)性能和机理研究

研究了ＨＮＯ３中中性萃取剂石油亚砜萃取钯（Ⅱ）的性能。通过考察萃取剂浓度、溶液酸度和温度对钯（Ⅱ）萃取平衡的影响,确定了萃取机理,求得了萃取反应平衡常数和有关热力学参数;验证了萃取体系对钯（Ⅱ）的萃取动力学过程为一级反应。     

钴镍协同萃取体系

评述了自１９６６年以来报道的有关钴协同萃取的文献，主要介绍了磷酸，羧酸以及磺酸类萃取剂与含氮螯合萃取剂或非螯合萃取剂组成的协同萃取体系，此外，对一些由胺类萃取剂加磺酸或羧萃取剂加吡啶羧酸酯组成的协同取也作了简单介绍，讨论了这些协同萃取体系萃取然的反应机理，特点及其潜在的应用价值。     

用Mextral 6106H从酸性料液中萃取钒

研究了用Mextral 6106H从酸性料液中萃取钒，考察了料液酸度、萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取剂浓度、萃取相比、反萃取剂组成等对钒萃取的影响，测定了Mextral 6106H对钒的饱和萃取量。结果表明：Mextral 6106H在酸性条件下对V(Ⅴ)具有良好的选择萃取性能，料液硫酸质量浓度在20～150 g/L范围内，钒萃取率大于95%;钒萃取率随萃取剂浓度和萃取相比V_o/V_a增大而升高；10%Mextral 6106H对钒的饱和萃取量为3.76 g/L;Mextral 6106H萃取钒速度较快，与料液接触3 min左右萃取反应基本达到平衡；用20 g/L NaOH溶液或氨水反萃取钒，钒反萃取率大于96%。该萃取剂对钒的萃取效果较好。     

C_(272)及协萃剂C_(274)萃取分离稀土的性能试验

测定了新型萃取剂Ｃ２７２和Ｃ２７４的萃取稀土容量及其反萃取性能,进行了上述萃取剂串级萃取分离Ｔｍ／Ｙｂ和Ｙｂ／Ｌｕ的试验,确认Ｃ２７２和Ｃ２７４是萃取分离重稀土的优良萃取剂。     

稀释剂对磷酸三丁酯萃取金的影响

本文选用了九种稀释剂与磷酸三丁酯组成萃取体系。通过萃取,反萃取及有机相返回萃取等过程,研究了稀释剂对磷酸三丁酯萃取金的影响。     

溶剂萃取法从酸性氯化浸出液中提取钼

分析了含大量氯离子的酸性溶液中钼的存在形态,论证了采用TRPO萃取剂直接从该浸出液中萃取钼的可行性。试验考察了萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、萃取温度、相比、萃取级数等萃取参数。在其他条件适宜,O/A=1/3时,两级逆流萃取可以萃取99.5%的钼。     

河流样品有机物监测前处理方法研究进展

综述了国内外监测河流水体和沉积物中有机物的前处理方法,介绍了液-液萃取、液-液微萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、微波消解和微波辅助萃取、超临界流体萃取、免疫萃取、气体萃取(顶空技术)及其特点,并对未来的前处理技术发展方向进行了展望.     

用[Omim]Cl离子液体从钒渣水浸液中萃取分离钒试验研究

研究了以正戊醇为稀释剂、[Omim]Cl离子液体为萃取剂、氯化铵溶液为反萃取剂从钒渣水浸液中萃取分离钒,考察了萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、水相pH、萃取温度对钒萃取率的影响,以及反萃取剂浓度、反萃取剂pH、反萃取时间对钒反萃取率的影响。结果表明:在[Omim]Cl质量浓度50.0 g/L、萃取时间30 s、萃取温度25.0℃、水相pH=8.051条件下,钒萃取率为96.2%,萃取反应自发放热;以NH_4Cl为反萃取剂,在NH_4Cl浓度1.5 mol/L、反萃取剂pH=8.5、反萃取时间30.0 min条件下,钒反萃取率达98.06%;反萃取得到的NH_4VO_3固体经洗涤、烘干、煅烧得到纯度较高的五氧化二钒。     

钒钛磁铁矿提钒工艺发展历程及趋势

介绍了钒钛磁铁矿提钒工艺的发展历程及工艺现状,阐述了各种提钒工艺的优点、缺点、主要工艺参数和技术指标,针对现有提钒工艺的不足,指出了下一步提钒工艺的研究方向.     

DIBK-TBP体系萃取铪和锆的动力学研究

在恒界面池中研究DIBK-TBP协同萃取体系萃取铪、锆的动力学,考察了温度、界面积和搅拌强度等对萃取速率的影响。结果显示,DIBK-TBP体系萃取铪和锆的过程符合一级动力学反应;对铪的萃取为相内反应和扩散共同影响的混合控制类型,表观活化能-43.106kJ/mol;对锆的萃取与搅拌强度、比界面积无关,为相内反应控制类型,表观活化能-16.024kJ/mol。     

Ultrasonic Nebulization Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Volatile Components in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine

The ultrasonic nebulization extraction(UNE) was developed and applied to the extraction of volatilecomponents from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) under the optimal conditions and 57 compounds were identified. The precision, repeatability and stability of the proposed method were also studied. Compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE) and hydrodistillation(HD) extraction, the proposed method is more efficient, faster and easier to be operated at room temperature with smaller sample and energy consumption. It is suggested that the ultrasonic nebulization extraction can be used as a novel alternative method for the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine.     

Cyanex272与HEHEHP混合体系萃取分离重稀土的研究

选定了ＨＥＨＥＨＰ与Ｃｙａｎｅｘ ２７２组成混合体系,确定了萃取体系的最佳组成,测定了该体系的萃取容量、反萃酸度以主相邻重稀土元素之间的分离系数,考察了体系萃取性能的主要影响因素。     

P204-P350萃取体系萃取稀土铈的研究

用P204和P350组成的二元协同萃取体系萃取氯化铈稀土料液,研究萃取体系的震荡时间、相比及稀土离子浓度对萃取率的影响,结果表明,当P204与P350体系的振荡时间9 min、相比1:1、稀土离子浓度为0.1 mol/L时,协同萃取体系具有最佳萃取效果,此时萃取率为71％;红外表征中萃取相出现的特征峰,可定性说明萃取反...     

分馏萃取动态纯化倍数的研究

提出了分馏萃取动态纯化倍数的精确公式和近似公式.精确公式揭示了分馏萃取工艺的最佳进料,以避免在进料级附近产生无效区.近似公式可以用于计算分馏萃取的理论级数.计算结果表明,动态纯化倍数计算的理论级数与静态纯化倍数计算的理论级数是十分吻合的,绝对误差在±0.2级之内；两者获得的水相进料时萃取段级数和有机相进料时洗涤段级数均为最小值.静态纯化倍数等价于分馏萃取工艺处于最佳进料状态下的动态纯化倍数.     

CO32-型TOMAC自碱性溶液中萃取硫代亚砷酸

针对含砷烟尘碱浸液砷分离问题,提出CO32-型TOMAC有机相萃取硫代亚砷酸的方法.以碱浸液的模拟料液为研究对象,经硫化预处理后,测定有机相饱和萃取容量并初步探索萃取机理.考察有机相组成、相比、萃取时间及萃取温度对砷萃取分离效果影响,结果表明：有机相组成为30%CO32-型TOMAC+15%仲辛醇+磺化煤油;水相料液组成为0.5 mol/L NaOH +9.69×10-2mol/L AsIII;在室温及相比为VO/VA=1/l的条件下,AsIII单级萃取率为85.3%.经4级逆流萃取,萃余液中AsIII浓度可降至1.34×10-3 mol/L以下,萃取率可达98%以上,达到了碱性溶液有效脱砷的目的.     

Extraction of heavy metals and ammonium from waters by unsaturated fatty acids and their soaps

The process including heavy metals and ammonium extraction from waters by an extraction medium based on unsaturated fatty acids and their soaps, up-concentration of the extracted metals, and regeneration of the extraction medium was investigated. The process corresponds to current hydroxides-precipitating, coagulation and biotreatment processes. The two synergistically effective ways are described: the basic process with the pretreatment of feed water by sodium or calcium hydroxide and extraction with unsaturated fatty acids, and the advanced process exploiting the extraction through sodium and/or calcium unsaturated fatty acids soaps. Oleine as a commercially available extraction medium was used. High bonding capacity and metals removal efficiency, fast kinetics and selectivity for the extraction process, and the self-adjustment of the pH value after the extraction process, as well as the high up-concentration of the metals salts limiting to saturated solutions, and the complete regeneration of the extraction medium were reached. Heavy metals hydroxides precipitation behaviour was investigated. Chemical and hydrophobisation metals-bonding mechanisms for the extraction process were observed. Regeneration and up-concentration behaviour, Oleine stability and organics residues in the water phases were investigated.     

不同稀释剂中t-BAMBP萃取铷铯的研究

研究了以t-BAMBP作萃取剂,分别以二甲苯和二乙苯作稀释剂对铷、铯的萃取行为.考察了萃取温度、t-BAMBP浓度、振荡时间、振荡速度、料液相碱度与萃取相比对萃取的影响,比较两种稀释剂在各因素不同的影响.实验结果表明:二甲苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分离系数较小,但其分配比较高;二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分离系数较大,但其分配比较低;温度对萃取的影响在二甲苯作稀释剂时更明显且低温对铷、铯萃取有利;不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分配比及分离系数均随t-BAMBP浓度的增加而增高,但浓度过高时粘度增加,影响分相速度;不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,t-BAMBP萃取铷、铯反应较快,在5 min内达到平衡;振荡速度对萃取的影响在二乙苯作稀释剂时更明显,得出最佳振速为180～200 r·min(-1);不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分配比及分离系数均随料液相碱度的提高而增高,综合考虑最佳OH(-)浓度为1.0mol·L(-1);二甲苯与二乙苯作稀释剂时分别在萃取相比O/A为1/1和2/1时分配比及分离系数达最大值.