合成射流激励影响扩散燃烧NOx生成的实验研究

对合成射流激励助燃风影响NOx生成进行了实验研究,主要考察了合成射流频率、幅值对燃烧器内掺混区时均速度、NOx含量、温度等参数分布的影响。实验结果表明,加入适当频率的合成射流激励助燃风,能够增强径向、周向速度幅值,改善天然气与助燃风的掺混,降低“热点”温度和NOx生成量（较无激励时最多降低约14％）,这有益于降低天然气燃烧造成的大气污染。     

高速液体射流初始阶段的破碎

采用激光分幅全息技术观察到了直径０．４ｍｍ液体射流上的表面波从小到大，最后导致液体破碎的发展过程，本所得的基本结论是：液体在雾化初始阶段的破腑起因于扰动波，扰动波由表及里，在周向与轴秒不断发展，首先将射流撕裂成大液滴，之后再进一步破碎成小液滴。液体射流破碎后的液滴尺寸往往大于初始扰动波长。     

液体燃料射流最不稳定频率的理论分析(2)--射流参数对最不稳定频率的影响及试验观察

利用对色散方程的数值计算结果,分析了实际射流参数如射流速度、液体种类、喷孔半径、液体粘度、介质压力等对分别处于瑞利模式和泰勒模式下的液体射流的最不稳定频率及其最大扰动增长率的影响.结果表明,在不同的射流模式下,实际射流参数对液体射流最不稳定频率的影响是不同的.并对受激液体射流现象进行了初步试验观察.     

液体燃料射流量不稳定频率的理论分析（2）——射流参数对最不稳定？…

利用对色散方程的数值计算结果，分析了实际射流参数如射流速度，液体种类，喷孔半径，液体粘度，介质压力等对分别处于瑞利模式和泰勒模式下的液体射流的最不稳定频率及其最大扰动增长率的影响。结果表明，在不同的射流模式下，实际射流参数对液体射流最不稳定频率的影响是不同的。并对受激液体射流现象进行了初步试验观察。     

液体燃料射流最不稳定频率的理论分析(1)--液体燃料射流的最不稳定频率及无量纲数的影响

利用线性不稳定性理论,对粘性液体燃料射流射入气体介质的射流模型所对应的色散方程进行了数值求解.利用计算结果,分析了液体燃料射流不稳定性研究中的3个最重要的无量纲参数韦伯数We、雷诺数Re及密度比Q,对分别处于瑞利模式和泰勒模式下的液体射流的最不稳定频率及对应的最大扰动增长率的影响.结果表明,在不同的射流模式下,这3个无量纲数对液体射流最不稳定频率的影响是不同的,在这两种射流模式下,射流系统具有不同的频率特征.     

脉冲液体射流泵压力特性试验浅析

为提高射流泵的传能传质效率,在相同的液体射流泵试验装置上,采用脉冲射流和恒定射流对液体射流泵的压力变化特性进行了试验研究.结果表明,脉冲与恒定液体射流泵内压力沿程变化规律基本相同,而在面积比相同、流量比近似相同的条件下,液体射流泵的脉冲射流压力特性优于恒定射流压力特性,为深入研究脉冲液体射流泵的基本性能提供了参考依据.     

液体燃料射流破碎机理研究中的时间模式与空间模式

利用线性不稳定性理论分析了液体燃料射流在分别采用时间模式与空间模式两种方法下液体表面扰动波的波数、频率及最大扰动增长率之间的关系,讨论了两种模式下液体射流结构特征的差别。应用基于粘性液体射流射入气体介质中的物理模型,计算分析了 Ｒｅ 数、 Ｗｅ 数和密度比 Ｑ对时间模式与空间模式差值的影响,结果发现采用时间模式或空间模式并不改变液体射流各阶模式之间的相互关系, Ｗｅ 数和 Ｑ是影响时间模式与空间模式差值的主要因素,而 Ｒｅ 数影响不大。在一定条件下,时间模式与空间模式具有等效性。     

实际射流参数对加热条件下液体燃料射流不稳定性的影响

利用线性热不稳定性理论,对黏性液体射入高温气体介质所对应的色散方程进行了数值求解．利用所得到的计算结果,研究了加热条件下射流速度、气液密度比、液体黏度、温度梯度及液体种类等实际射流参数对射流最大扰动增长率及占优波数的影响规律．研究结果表明：对于加热条件下Reyleigh模式的液体射流,气液密度比、温度梯度是射流破碎的失稳因素,而射流速度、液体黏度则是液体射流破碎的促稳因素;对于Taylor模式的液体射流,射流速度、温度梯度、气液密度比是射流破碎的失稳因素,而液体黏度是液体射流破碎的促稳因素．研究结果同时证明了液体种类的改变对射流不稳定性的影响是多种因素共同作用的结果．     

液体射流的非轴对称破碎

本文分析粘性液体射流的线性稳定性问题，本文首次根据理论预测所确定的物理条件观察到了射流在各种非轴对称模式支配下的破碎情况，实验采用的是高速公路分幅激光全息技术，实验结果表明，液体射流结构遵守稳定性理论所预测的规律，实验还发现，液体射流的实际破碎尺寸要大于线性稳定必伯预测结果。     

直喷式柴油机燃烧压力高频振荡与燃烧噪声的关系

应用声响应法和Sysnoise声学软件进行模态实验和模态分析,研究燃烧噪声高频激励机理．通过有限元方法计算燃烧室空腔在点声源激励下的声压响应,确定了燃烧室空腔在激励力作用下产生较强烈的压力振荡的频率．通过测量发动机缸内压力和噪声,研究燃烧压力高频振荡频率和幅值与时间窗获取的燃烧噪声的关系．燃烧压力高频振荡频率与燃烧噪声高频成分具有很好的对应关系,较高的振荡幅值对应的燃烧噪声值较高．研究结果表明,燃烧压力振荡频率和幅值是影响燃烧噪声高频成分的主要因素．     

Perturbation of a laminar boundary layer by a synthetic jet for heat transfer enhancement

An experimental investigation of a cross-flow interaction between a synthetic jet and a flat plate laminar boundary layer is reported. The synthetic jet uses a piezo-actuator for displacing the diaphragm, thus enabling flow control in terms of the excitation amplitude and the modulation frequency. The role of these parameters on heat transfer enhancement from the flat plate is investigated. Measurements are carried out using hotwire anemometry for the flow field while the heat transfer coefficient and jet spreading are imaged respectively by liquid crystal thermography and the laser schlieren technique.Results show that the average heat transfer coefficient increases with excitation amplitude and a maximum of 44% enhancement is observed. Amplitude modulation at low frequencies also increases the heat transfer coefficient. Overall, the study indicates the efficacy of a synthetic jet actuator for heat transfer enhancement with excitation amplitude and modulation frequency as control parameters.Visualization using liquid crystal thermography shows dual streaks over the flat surface indicating the footprint of vortical structures from the synthetic jet inside the laminar boundary layer. The role played by amplitude modulation in enhancing heat transfer is clearly demonstrated by schlieren visualization and further confirmed by hotwire measurements. The synthetic jet also increases the average turbulence content inside the boundary layer. Power spectra show an overall increase in the amplitude of the low frequency fluctuations arising from synthetic jet actuation. The time-averaged velocity profile behind the synthetic jet shows similarity to the wake profile behind a surface-mounted obstacle. Analogous to physical obstacles such as ribs, these results show that a synthetic jet can also be used as a device for heat transfer enhancement in a boundary layer.     

基于LBM的波浪作用下动量射流数值模拟

为了进一步研究射流在有限水深波浪环境下的流动规律,拓宽LBM在水利工程学科中的应用范围,将LB方法的原理应用于自由表面处理、边界条件设定、紊流模型的耦合求解、造波及消波等关键问题上,建立了二维多松弛LB数值波浪水槽模型。运用该模型模拟不同波浪环境下动量射流的紊动特征及变化规律,得到射流在不同工况下的轴线速度衰减、扩展半宽变化和横断面速度分布等规律。研究表明,该模型具有很好的适用性,可以较好地模拟射流问题。     

跨音速透平叶栅尾缘劈缝射流气动性能分析

基于定常RANS方程,采用Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型,数值模拟某跨音速导叶尾缘劈缝射流的定常流动结构,分析尾缘劈缝射流对尾缘激波结构、尾迹流动特性及叶栅气动性能的影响。研究表明:开缝射流显著降低尾缘压力面侧燕尾波强度,并使激波在相邻叶片吸力面入射点向上游移动;当叶栅出口马赫数小于1.35时射流使吸力面燕尾波强度减弱,而达到1.35后射流使该侧激波强度增大;在不同出口马赫数下射流均能降低叶栅动能损失。     

The influence of synthetic jet excitation on secondary flow in compressor cascade

The detailed numerical simulation has been carried out to investigate the effect of synthetic jet excitation on the secondary flow at 5° incidence in a compressor cascade, in which the synthetic jet actuation is equipped on the suction surface. The influence of excitation position, one fixed near the trailing edge and the other fixed a little far from the trailing edge, has also been studied. The results show that unsteady disturbance of desirable synthetic jet effectively enhances the mixing of the fluid inside the separation region, which reduces the vortex intensity and the energy loss, improves the flow status in the cascade, and also suppresses velocity fluctuation near the trailing edge. Additionally, the actuation fixed near the separation region proves to be more effective and exit load distribution is more uniform due to the employment of the synthetic jet.     

幂律流体环膜射流破碎特征的试验

通过自行搭建的环膜射流试验系统,采用高速摄影技术对牛顿流体(水)与剪切变稀型幂律流体(卡波姆凝胶)环膜射流的破碎模式及破碎特征进行了试验.结果表明:牛顿流体与幂律流体都存在相同的3种射流破碎模式,且两种流体在射流破碎机理上没有本质性的差异.在3种射流破碎模式中,圣诞树状破碎模式下的射流破碎效果最佳,泡状破碎模式次之,波...     

Flame-vortex interaction and mixing behaviors of turbulent non-premixed jet flames under acoustic forcing

This study examines the effect of acoustic excitation using forced coaxial air on the flame characteristics of turbulent hydrogen non-premixed flames. A resonance frequency was selected to acoustically excite the coaxial air jet due to its ability to effectively amplify the acoustic amplitude and reduce flame length and NO_x emissions. Acoustic excitation causes the flame length to decrease by 15% and consequently, a 25% reduction in EINO_x is achieved, compared to coaxial air flames without acoustic excitation at the same coaxial air to fuel velocity ratio. Moreover, acoustic excitation induces periodical fluctuation of the coaxial air velocity, thus resulting in slight fluctuation of the fuel velocity. From phase-lock PIV and OH PLIF measurement, the local flow properties at the flame surface were investigated under acoustic forcing. During flame-vortex interaction in the near field region, the entrainment velocity and the flame surface area increased locally near the vortex. This increase in flame surface area and entrainment velocity is believed to be a crucial factor in reducing flame length and NO_x emission in coaxial jet flames with acoustic excitation. Local flame extinction occurred frequently when subjected to an excessive strain rate, indicating that intense mass transfer of fuel and air occurs radially inward at the flame surface.     

Numerical investigation on effectiveness of flow separation control in two-dimensional high-load compressor cascade by synthetic jet

The effectiveness of flow separation control in two-dimensional high load cascade by synthetic jet is investigated through numerical simulation of the effect of excitation frequency and amplitude together with the adaptability of synthetic jet to off-design conditions. Test results indicate that synthetic jet can be used to effectively control the large-scale two-dimensional flow separation in compressor cascade. Preferable results can be obtained when excitation frequency is close to or times of the characteristic frequency of original flow field. Excitation amplitude has a more important effect on the effectiveness of flow separation control, and the increase in excitation amplitude can bring about a dramatic decrease in the loss of total pressure. Synthetic jet has also a very good adaptability to off-design conditions. It can therefore be concluded that the incidence sensitivity of compressor cascade can be effectively reduced by synthetic jet.     

加热条件下液体燃料射流破碎机理的研究

利用线性热不稳定性理论,对黏性液体射入高温气体介质模型所对应的色散方程进行了数值求解。利用所得到的计算结果,研究了加热条件下轴对称模式扰动液体射流破碎机理,探讨了表征各种影响射流破碎作用力的无量纲Weber数（We）、密度比（Q）、Marangoni数（Ma）和Ohnesorge数（Z）对液体射流破碎最大扰动增长率及占优波数的影响。研究结果表明,液体和气体介质之间的温度梯度对液体射流稳定性有着非常显著的影响,表明热毛细力对于液体射流的破碎有促进作用,这种作用对处于Taylor模式下的液体射流尤为显著,并且这种热力作用可使液体射流从一种模式进入另一种模式,并可以大大改变射流的破碎尺序。     

圆湍射流拟序结构的频谱特性

以圆湍射流为对象 ,用修正的周期图法对圆湍射流下游近场的速度场进行了频谱特性分析 ,空气射流的雷诺数为 Re=2 93 8。研究了外界主动声激励对圆湍射流功率谱的影响 ,并与流场显示的结果进行了对照。实验结果表明 ,在圆湍射流混合层内缘与核心区结合部是射流对外界声激励响应最明显的位置。外界声激励对圆湍射流的影响区域集中在射流近场。沿着射流方向 ,在射流出口和核心区尾部之间 ,功率谱分布有一个最大值。     

Heat Transfer from Pulsating Laminar Impingement Slot Jet on a Flat Surface with Inlet Velocity: Sinusoidal and Square Wave

Heat transfer from a pulsating laminar impingement slot jet on a flat surface was investigated numerically and experimentally. Inlet velocity was considered sinusoidal velocity and square wave velocity. Experimental studies were done only for the sinusoidal velocity state. An inverse heat conduction method, conjugated gradient method with adjoint equation, was used for the experimental estimation of the local heat transfer coefficient along the target surface. Effect of the square wave velocity of the laminar impingement slot jet was studied numerically. The results show pulsations in flow change flow patterns and the thermal boundary layer thickness because of the newly forming thermal boundary layer is extremely small each time the flow is resumed. Heat transfer rate in this state enhances due to pulsating inlet velocity in comparison with steady state. Heat transfer increases with increasing pulsation amplitude. Enhancement in mean heat transfer on the target plate for sinusoidal velocity is rather than square wave velocity.