PVA纤维水泥基材料力学性能试验研究

为了制备超高韧性的水泥基复合材料(ultra high toughness cementitious composites,UHTCC),通过抗压、抗折以及直接拉伸试验,结合扫描电镜(SEM)测试,探讨粉煤灰掺量、石英砂掺量对UHTCC力学性能的影响;通过粉煤灰-石英砂复配,研究超高韧性水泥基材料的最优粉煤灰-石英砂掺量配比.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,抗压、抗折强度降低,拉伸变形增大,但是当粉煤灰质量/水泥质量(m(FA)/m(C))大于2.7后,拉伸变形提高缓慢;当石英砂质量/胶凝材料的质量(m(S)/m(B))为0.36时,拉伸变形性能最好;本文确定的最优粉煤灰-石英砂体系掺量为:m(FA)/m(C)-m(S)/m(B)=1.2-0.48,m(FA)/m(C)-m(S)/m(B)=2.2-0.36.     

超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土（RPC）和渗浇钢纤维混凝土（SIFCON）两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料（Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC）的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明：UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1 MPa、韧性指数I₂₀最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

尾矿砂水泥基复合材料的拉压韧性

为了表征PVA增强尾矿砂水泥基复合材料的韧性,对具有不同水胶比的PVA增强尾矿砂水泥基复合材料试件进行轴心抗压试验和直接拉伸试验,运用韧性比和韧性指数双特征指标来评价压缩韧性和拉伸韧性.结果表明,PVA增强尾矿砂水泥基复合材料试件的延性和吸收能量的能力显著提高,试件压缩韧性和拉伸韧性的效果较好,使试件具备了韧性性能良好、呈延性破坏、多裂缝开裂等特点.随着水胶比的不断增大,试件的韧性比和韧性指数逐渐增加,当水胶比为0.35时,韧性比和韧性指数有较明显提高.     

PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的性能试验研究

通过单轴抗压试验、直接拉伸试验、四点弯曲试验、抗折试验对不同配比和不同试件形状的PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料进行力学性能试验研究,结果表明：加有PVA纤维的水泥基复合材料的抗压强度提高不大,大约是10%,而抗拉强度和抗弯强度则提高很多,且出现了许多细小裂缝,呈现出应变硬化特性,极限拉应变可达1.8%;利用直板型试件做直接拉伸试验比胫型试件做直接拉伸试验的试验结果准确,且易于试验操作.试验结果证实了PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料具有很好的韧性.     

乳化沥青对PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料韧性的影响

为了研究乳化沥青对纤维增强水泥基复合材料韧性的影响,采用乳化沥青制备PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料,对其强度和韧性性能进行测试,并采用SEM对试件断面微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明,加入乳化沥青以后,复合材料的抗压强度和抗折强度迅速下降,而韧性性能迅速上升;纤维的破坏模式由拉断破坏变成拔出破坏,随之在试件底部出现了多缝开裂;当乳化沥青用量为10%时,试件出现了明显应变硬化现象;当乳化沥青用量过大时,韧性反而下降。此外,结合微观力学原理,对乳化沥青的增韧机理进行了阐述。     

绿色韧性水泥基复合材料力学性能

为了研究绿色尾矿砂PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的韧性,参考国内外试验方法开展了立方体抗压、薄板拉伸和冲击韧性等力学性能试验研究.分析了纤维与基体的相互作用及增韧机理,讨论了纤维掺量和水胶比二元因素对增韧性能的影响.该研究获得了复合材料相应的强度和韧性指标,为高性能尾矿砂PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备和工程应用提供了参考.     

超轻质水泥基复合材料基本力学性能

为探究超轻质水泥基复合材料(ultra lightweight cement composite,ULCC)的基本力学性能及应力-应变曲线本构关系.以粉煤灰空心微珠为唯一轻质微集料,以水泥和硅灰为胶凝材料,以高效减水剂和减缩剂为外加剂,配制了钢纤维体积掺量为1%,表观密度介于1 250~1 550 kg/m3,轴心抗压强度介于47.9~70.0 MPa的4种不同密度等级的ULCC.对其分别进行单轴抗压和单轴抗拉试验,分别研究了ULCC的轴心抗压和轴心抗拉力学性能,测得了ULCC材料轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比及单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变曲线.结果表明:ULCC的抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量均随密度的增加而增加; ULCC的轴心抗压强度和弹性模量与密度呈较强线性相关性.轴心抗拉试验结果表明ULCC抗拉应力-应变曲线关系呈现明显的峰后平台段,ULCC材料具有良好的拉伸变形能力.根据试验测得的ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变全曲线,建立了ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉的分段式应力-应变本构方程.研究成果可为ULCC结构的设计和非线性有限元计算提供理论依据.     

碳纤维—水泥基复合材料应力传感器的研究

本文探讨了碳纤维－水泥基复合材料应力传感器的制备，对其性能与碳纤维含的关系进行了实验研究，并对实验结果作了理论上的探讨与分析。     

钢纤维水泥基复合材料增强作用的理论研究

本文全面考虑了纤维的阻裂作用和复合增强作用，并以损伤力学为基础对钢纤维混凝土材料的受力工作过程进行了研究。不仅推出了初裂温度、极限强度的计算公式，而且还给出了钢纤维混凝土的损伤本构方程。     

超韧性水泥基复合材料圆管横向压缩吸能特性

以公路护栏吸能特性为背景,对超韧性水泥基复合材料制成的圆管试件进行抗压吸能试验,研究不同配合比下各试件的抗压强度和荷载与变形能力的关系,研究纤维掺量对试件抗压强度的影响以及变形破坏和吸能特性,选出最适合的纤维掺量与配合比。试验结果表明：合理的配合比和纤维掺量使超韧性水泥基复合材料制成的圆管具有较高的抗压强度和良好的吸能能力。     

Flexural response of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with post-poured ultra high toughness cementitious composites layer

Four-point bending tests were conducted up to failure on eleven reinforced concrete (RC) beams and strengthening beams to study the effectiveness of externally pouring ultra high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) on improving the flexural behavior of existing RC beams.The strengthening materials included UHTCC and high strength grade concrete.The parameters,such as thickness and length of strengthening layer and reinforcement in post-poured layer,were analyzed.The flexural behavior,failure mode and ...     

Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

Ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) obviously show strain hardening property under tensile or bending loading. The failure pattern of the UHTCC components exhibits multiple fine cracks under uniaxial tensile loading with prominent tensile strain capacity in excess of 3%, with merely 60 μm average crack width even corresponding to the ultimate tensile strain state. The approach adopted is based on the concept of functionally-graded concrete, where part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a RC (reinforced concrete) member, is strategically replaced with UHTCC with excellent crack-controlling ability. Investigations on bending behavior of functionally-graded composite beam crack controlled by UHTCC has been carried out, including theo- retical analysis, experimental research on long composite beams without web reinforcement, validation and comparison between experimental and theoretical results, and analysis on crack control. In addition to improving bearing capacity, the results indicate that functionally-graded composite beams using UHTCC has been found to be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage compared with RC beams. Therefore, durability and service life of the structure could be enhanced. This paper discusses the development of internal force and crack propagation during loading process, and presents analysis of the internal force in different stages, moment-curvature relationship from loading to damage and calculation of mid-span deflection and ductility index. In the end, the theoretical formulae have been validated by experimental results.     

超高性能水泥基材料的力学行为及机理分析

研究安防系统对超高性能水泥基复合材料工作性及超高力学性能的特殊要求,以大掺量超细工业废渣取代水泥,掺加超高硬度细集料,采用高温干热养护制度,成功制备出一种超高性能水泥基复合材料.对其工作性及不同养护温度和养护时间下的力学性能进行测试,结果表明,制备的材料具有较好的工作特性及超高力学性能,可满足安保产品要求,其抗压强度最高可达240 MPa.采用X射线衍射技术、差热-热重分析方法及扫描电镜对其微观结构形成进行分析,结果显示,超高硬度细集料与胶凝材料的强物理结合使其在复合材料中起增强相的作用,高温养护加速了水泥的水化及矿物惨合料的火山灰反应,降低了材料中Ca(OH)2的含量,增加了C-S-H凝胶的含量,提高了材料的密实度,改善了界面微观结构,提高了超高性能水泥基复合材料的宏观力学性能.     

硅灰改性高韧性水泥基材料性能试验研究

工程水泥复合材料（ECC）具有良好的韧性和裂缝控制能力,可用于解决地下和水工工程中的混凝土开裂和渗漏水问题。高水灰比ECC(w/c=1.03)流动度好,但抗渗性能差,且水灰比过高使得材料坍落度大、黏聚性差,不满足可喷射性的指标要求。为了解决上述问题,将硅灰（SF）以不同的SF/水泥质量比引入高水灰比ECC中,以改善其工作性能、抗渗性能、微观结构和力学性能。结果表明,当SF/水泥比为15％时,高水灰比ECC的工作性能大大提高,达到新拌材料可泵送及可喷射的指标要求,高水灰比ECC的抗渗性能提高至P8以上;扫描电镜(SEM)和能量分散光谱仪（EDS）的观察结果证实,添加SF使ECC的显微组织更致密,而且还可以减少碱性物质的产生,从而抑制碱集料反应,提高耐久性。对ECC展开韧性、抗渗性及工作性能(可泵送及可喷涂)研究,获得了高韧性、高抗渗、可喷可泵的ECC配合比,为其在实际工程中的推广及应用奠定了基础。     

Numerical study on flexural behaviors of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and ECC/concrete composite beams

Engineered cementitious composite(ECC)is a class of high performance cementitious composites with pseudo strain-hardening behavior and excellent crack control capacity.Substitution of concrete with ECC can largely reduce the cracking and durability problems associated with brittleness of concrete.In this paper,a simplified constitutive model of the ECC material was applied to simulate the flexural behaviors of the steel reinforced ECC and ECC/concrete composite beams with finite element method.The simulation results are found to be in good agreement with test results,indicating that the finite element model is reasonably accurate in simulating the flexural behaviors of the steel reinforced ECC flexural members.The effects of the ECC modulus,ECC tensile ductility,ECC thickness and ECC position on flexural behaviors in terms of ultimate moment,deflection and the maximum crack width of the steel reinforced ECC or ECC/concrete composite beam are hence evaluated.     

Numerical simulations of stress wave propagation and attenuation at arc-shaped interface inlayered SiC/Al composite

The effects of interface shape on stress wave distribution and attenuation were investiga- ted using finite element method （ FEM ）. The simulation results indicate that when the stress wave propagates from SiC ceramic to A1 alloy, the tensile stress decreases and the attenuation coefficient of the stress wave increases with increasing central angle of the concave interface between SiC and A1. But for the convex interface, the tensile stress increases and attenuation coefficient decreases with increasing central angle. As the stress wave propagates from A1 alloy to SiC ceramic, the atten- uation coefficient of stress wave decreases with increasing the central angle of the concave interface. For the convex interface, the attenuation coefficient increases with increasing central angle.     

超高频局放电磁波在变压器中的传播特性

分析了变压器中局部放电激发的超高频电磁波在油-纸复合绝缘中的传播特性,讨论了变压器绕组及箱体对电磁波传播的影响。实验室研究结果表明,超高频局放电磁波在油-纸复合绝缘中传播时会产生一定的衰减,但对电磁波的接收影响不大;变压器绕组因导体表面存在信号的反射及散射,其对超高频信号幅值有一定的衰减;变压器箱体可引起电磁波的严重衰减,实际检测时超高频传感器应内置。     

高地应力下砂岩力学参数和波速变化规律试验研究

基于波动方程,提出一种砂岩的纵波波速与静水围压关系的数学模型。在岩石常规三轴试验的基础上得到不同静水围压下砂岩的静弹性模量、静泊松比和纵波波速,并分别拟合得到静弹性模量-静水围压和静泊松比-静水围压关系的拟合曲线和拟合公式。试验结果表明,砂岩的静弹性模量和静泊松比随静水围压的增大而增加,且静弹性模量增加速率缓慢减少。基于波动方程求解得到纵波波速-静水围压关系的数学模型,利用数学模型计算得到的纵波波速可知,砂岩的纵波波速随静水围压的增大而增大,且增加速率逐渐变缓。计算得到的纵波波速与试验测得的纵波波速进行对比验证,误差范围为7.0%~8.3%,故基于波动方程求解的砂岩纵波波速-静水围压关系的数学模型可靠性和准确性较高,对高地应力下岩石的物理力学参数和波速变化规律的分析判定具有指导意义。     

基于声发射技术的高韧性水泥基复合材料开裂损伤特性

研究了同等抗压强度等级的普通混凝土和高韧性水泥基复合材料的抗弯拉力学性能,采用声发射(AE)技术对比检测和分析了二者在三分点弯曲荷载作用下的开裂损伤规律。力学测试结果表明,高韧性水泥基复合材料具有较高的抗弯拉强度和应变硬化能力。AE检测结果表明,随着普通混凝土强度的增大,AE信号幅度增大,但其AE事件总数增长规律和幅值分布规律与强度无明显关系;高韧性水泥基复合材料AE信号的幅值和分布密度均比同等抗压强度等级的普通混凝土小;普通混凝土试件的断裂过程区主要集中在断裂面附近,而高韧性水泥基复合材料基本已覆盖了整个纯弯段,在细密裂缝的扩展过程中高强纤维对裂尖能量进行了有效的吸收和传递。     

Experimental study on mechanical behavior of high performance concrete under multi-axial compressive stress

Experimental investigation was conducted to characterize the responses of high performance concrete(HPC) subjected to multiaxial compressive stresses. The HPC specimens were prepared with three different mix proportions, which corresponds to three different uniaxial compressive strengths. The cubic specimens with size of 100 mm for each edge were tested with servo-hydraulic actuators at different stress ratios. The principal stresses and strains of the specimens were recorded, and the failure of the cubic specimens under various stress states was examined. The experimental results indicated that the stress states and stress ratios had significant influence on the strength and deformation of HPC under biaxial and triaxial compression, especially under triaxial compression. Failure criteria were proposed for the HPC specimens under biaxial and triaxial compressive loading. The test results provided a valuable reference for obtaining multi-axial constitutive law for HPC.