基于ATILA的宽带超磁致伸缩纵振换能器设计

针对常用的水声换能器分析软件无法直接计算稀土超磁致伸缩换能器的问题,利用ATILA有限元软件的超磁致伸缩材料模块,直接在软件中建立模型并计算,设计了一个低频、宽带、大功率的超磁致伸缩纵振式换能器,并分析了换能器空气中的振动模态、阻抗特性及水中的发射性能.制作的换能器样机纵向振动谐振频率和前盖板弯曲振动谐振频率分别为2.5 kHz和6.6 kHz,在2～7 kHz的频带范围内,声源级不低于190 dB.同时将仿真结果与测试结果进行了比较,结果表明ATILA有限元软件的计算结果与换能器的测试结果吻合较好.     

基于有限元分析的超声椭圆振动切削装置设计

超声椭圆振动切削技术(Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Cutting, UEVC)是近年来发展起来的一种超精密加工技术,其加工装置的结构设计是当前研究的难点之一。本文通过分析现有的超声椭圆振动切削装置,设计了一种基于圆弧型柔性铰链结构的超声椭圆振动装置,利用有限元分析工具对该装置进行模态分析,找出了影响其谐振频率的关键结构参数并用全局优化模块优化参数,使装置的某一阶纵振和弯振模态的谐振频率一致,同时对该装置进行了多场耦合分析以预测不同相位下的刀尖运动轨迹。仿真分析表明,后盖板长度的变化会引起纵振和弯振模态谐振频率的显著改变,而底座厚度的变化对纵振和弯振模态的谐振频率几乎都没有影响,顶端长度的变化仅对弯振模态的谐振频率有一定程度的影响。基于上述仿真分析及优化,制造出UEVC装置的样机并测量其谐振频率和振动特性,测量结果显示该装置的谐振频率测量值与仿真结果吻合较好,所开发的装置能在谐振状态下输出椭圆轨迹,同时可通过调节施加电压的幅值和相位来使刀尖输出不同的椭圆轨迹,能用于脆性材料微结构曲面的加工。此外,对该超声椭圆振动切削装置施加频率与装置谐振频率一致的交流电时,其纵振和弯振的振幅将随电压幅值的增加而线性增大,其中弯振振幅对电压幅值的变化更为敏感。     

超声波轴承用压电换能器模态分析及实验研究

设计了超声波轴承用压电换能器,确定所采用的压电换能器的相关参数,并采用有限元法进行压电换能器的振动模态分析,确定压电换能器辐射端面与其他零件组成摩擦副时产生最佳减摩效果的振动模态,并通过实验研究加以验证.研究表明,压电换能器处于纵向振动状态时产生的减摩效果最好.实验证明,超声振动具有良好的减摩性能,同种材料形成的摩擦副,在超声振动状态下静摩擦系数比非振动状态下降低了70%.     

贴片式纵弯复合激励圆筒超声电机

为了有效提高贴片式环形行波超声电机的机械输出性能,利于超声电机的小型化和微型化,研制了一种贴片式纵弯复合激励圆筒超声电机,电机利用d33工作模式和d31工作模式,由单臂变幅杆和一个环形换能器构成,且变幅杆和换能器采用一体结构．在对电机的工作原理进行分析的基础上,利用ANSYS软件完成了电机的设计和仿真,实现了两个振动模态的特征频率简并,并采用多普勒激光测振仪对样机进行了振动测试,测试结果与仿真结果基本一致．样机的机械输出特性测试表明,样机的最大转速为268r／rain,最大输出力矩为1．1N·m．     

一种压电换能器的结构设计与拉伸式装配方法

压电换能器装配预应力直接影响产品性能。大直径压电换能器对装配预应力控制和压电陶瓷应力分布均匀性提出了更高的要求。为实现大直径压电换能器的高预紧力装配,开展了大直径压电换能器结构设计、装配方法设计和径向应力均匀化研究。首先,基于传输线方法和模态分析开展压电换能器设计,采用Morris方法进行了尺寸参数对压电换能器纵振频率、振幅比和节面位置偏差的灵敏度分析,并设计了预期性能的压电换能器;然后,根据压电换能器对预应力控制的需求,提出了一种液压拉伸式装配方法;针对拉伸装配过程中压电陶瓷组的径向应力分布不均匀问题,对拉伸装配过程中的2个关键状态进行了静应力分析,以指导压电换能器的结构改进设计;最后,设计了拉伸装配装置,并基于该装置完成了压电换能器装配试验。试验结果验证了所提拉伸式装配方法可实现预期性能的压电换能器装配。压电换能器装配后的串联谐振频率和并联谐振频率分别稳定在18.05 kHz和19.57 kHz附近,串联谐振阻抗在10Ω以内,机电耦合系数在0.34～0.36之间。研究结果为控制压电换能器装配预应力提出了新的解决思路,并为大直径压电换能器设计时如何均化陶瓷应力状况提供了解决方法。     

基于超声振动钻削系统的换能器设计

为使超声振动钻削的换能器性能更加稳定,基于实验数据,提出解析法与有限元法相结合的模式对换能器进行设计,并进行阻抗分析和振动性能测试实验。结果表明,换能器前盖板输出端振幅达4.2μm,在陶瓷晶片工作温度低于70°C的状态下换能器可稳定工作13 h,且工作频率波动幅度小于130 Hz。测试结果验证了设计方法及思路的可行性,所提出的换能器设计方法可推广应用于一般超声振动钻削加工。     

基于PZT的结构安全检测的机电阻抗数学建模

运用压电和结构振动理论,提出一个两端无约束单块压电陶瓷(PZT)作为激振传感器的机电(E/M)阻抗数学模型,用来预测阻抗响应.阻抗响应可以通过实验测得.该模型考虑一维结构的振动,通过分析模型,提出阻抗谱是由轴向、横向、厚度方向的模态相互叠加后的振动所激起.最后通过实验结果和模型计算的比较分析此模型的实际应用性.     

电流反馈式超声发生器的频率跟踪研究

根据反馈电流，由单片机控制实现超声发生器的频率自动跟踪，试验分析了压电陶瓷换能器超声振动系统的频率与电流和振幅的关系。研究了电流反馈单片机控制频率的自动调正方法，提出了搜索电流最大值的变步长频率跟踪技术，以及保证稳定频率自动跟踪应考虑的问题，实现瞬间频率跟踪范围１６０Ｈｚ。     

超声手术刀振动特性分析

超声手术刀工作时的频率高达几万赫兹,即每秒振动几万次,容易产生疲劳损坏。介绍了超声手术刀的工作原理,并设计了一把工作频率在55.5k Hz左右的超声刀。然后,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS建模,对超声刀进行模态分析,得出它的固有频率和振型图,并进行谐响应分析,得到超声刀的振幅大小、应力应变参数以及谐响应曲线,研究超声手术刀在设计要求的谐振频率下的振动特性。通过有限元分析,超声刀在固有频率55053Hz下做纵向振动,在谐振频率55.5k Hz附近刀头振幅最大,刀头应力达到最大,刀身应力分布均匀。     

偏心式圆筒悬臂梁发射换能器研究

为了得到宽带发射换能器,提出了一种偏心式圆筒悬臂梁换能器的结构形式,重点介绍了此类换能器的基本设计思想,即围绕低频和宽带两方面入手,将弯曲振动模态频率低的特点和多模态振动耦合拓宽频带的方法结合起来,应用于同一种换能器的结构设计中.利用有限元软件对换能器进行了辅助设计分析,并计算了悬臂梁和换能器的振动模态、工作频率、阻抗和发射特性等性能参数.换能器样机的测量结果是换能器的工作频带(-6 dB)为4～16 kHz,发射电压响应起伏在-5 dB以内,工作频带覆盖了2个倍频程.换能器样机的实测结果验证了设计思想的正确性和可实现性.     

Working principle and design of a double cylinders type traveling wave ultrasonic motor using composite transducer

A double cylinders type traveling wave ultrasonic motor using composite transducer was proposed.The proposed stator contained two cylinders and one composite transducer,and the transducer located on the outer surfaces of cylinders.The composite transducer included two exponential horns located on leading ends,and the horns insected with the cylinders at tip ends.Two degenerated flexural vibration modes spatially and temporally orthogonal to each other were excited in each cylinder by the composite transducer.In this new design,a single transducer could excite two flexural traveling waves in the cylinders.Thus,elliptical motions were achieved at the particles on the teeth.The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed.The cylinder and transducer were designed with FEM.The resonant frequencies of two vibration modals of the stator were tuned to be the same,and the motion trajectories of nodes on the teeth were analyzed.Transient analysis results show that the motion trajectories of teeth are ellipses.The results of this paper can guide the development of this new type of ultrasonic motor.     

A novel traveling wave ultrasonic motor using a bar shaped transducer

A novel traveling wave ultrasonic motor was proposed. The structure of the motor is rather simple and different from the conventional traveling wave ultrasonic motors. Its production processes are very convenient. It is composed of a stator constituted with a ring and a bar shaped transducer and two cone shaped rotors. The rotors were pressed on inner surface of the ring by means of a pre-pressure system. The bar shaped transducer has a sand- wich-like configuration,where two sets of piezoelectric element are bolted. One set excites a longitudinal vibration of the bar, and the other set excites a flexural vibration of the bar. The ring＇s traveling wave excited with the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration of the bar transducer was simulated with FEM （finite element method）. The prototype of the motor was made and investigated experimentally for its performance. Its maximum torque and rotating speed are 0.25 N · m and 50 r/min, respectively.     

Amplitude Control for Ultrasonic Welding of Thermoplastics

0INTRoDUCTIONWiththedevelopmentofplasticsindus-try,engineeringplasticsarewidelyusedinmanyareasuchasautomobile,electronics,package,toy,aircraft,andaerospaceindus-try.Ultrasonicweldingtechnology,whichischaracterizedbycleanness,nopollution,highefficiency,goodqualityandeasilyautomatedproduction,hasplayangreatimportantroleinthejoiningtechnologyofengineeringplas-tics.Asthedemandforweldingqualityin-creases,theresearchesonprocesscontrolforthermoplasticsultrasonicweldingprocessarecontinuouslydeepen…     

功率超声振动系统的有限元分析

基于功率超声振动系统的结构特点,给出了变截面细杆纵振动的有限元模型,研制了功率超声振动系统固有特性的有限元仿真软件包。获得了－典型功率超声振动系统的前４阶固有频率和振型,可用来评价系统的振动性能。     

Design and optimization of the piezoelectric micromechanical ultrasonic transducer with an AlN thin film

Because existing ultrasonic transducers mostly use PZT and ZnO materials as piezoelectric thin films, while the PZT contains lead and ZnO has the problem of contaminating CMOS manufacturing, a piezoelectric ultrasonic micromechanical transducer with circular bi-laminate bending vibration which uses the aluminium nitride as the piezoelectric layer is designed. The working principle of the transducer is analyzed, the finite element model is established, and the finite element simulation is carried out for the size parameters of the transducer. It is found that the resonant frequency of the transducer is proportional to the thickness of each layer and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the transducer; when the radius of the upper electrode is about 65% of the radius of the transducer, the resonant amplitude of the transducer is the largest; when the thickness ratio of the silicon and the aluminum nitride of the piezoelectric layer is about 0.6, the resonant amplitude is also the largest. The optimized transducer is simulated and compared with the original model. The results show that the working frequency in air is 9.21MHz, the electromechanical coupling coefficient increases from 21.44% to 27.16% in air and from 3.55% to 11.93% in water. These conclusions provide basic data for the research on the medical imaging probe.     

A ring type standing wave ultrasonic motor using cantilever type longitudinal transducers

The disadvantages of classic ring type ultrasonic motor were analyzed.To obtain large mechanical output power,a ring type standing wave ultrasonic motor using cantilever type longitudinal transducers was proposed.There are four pairs of cantilevers on one side of the ring,and four PZT ceramics are set between each pair of cantilevers.A screw fastened the PZT ceramics and cantilevers together to form a longitudinal transducer.The bending vibration mode of the ring is excited by the stretching vibration of the PZT ceramics.Thus,linear simple harmonic motions are achieved at the particle on the teeth.And the driving force is the frictional force between rotor and stator.The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed.The ring and the longitudinal transducer were designed with FEM.The sensitive parameters of resonant frequency of the transducer and ring could be gained with modal analysis.The longitudinal vibration modal of transducer and bending vibration modal of ring were degenerated,and the motion trajectories of nodes on the teeth were analyzed.The results of this paper could guide the development of this new type of motor.     

3-D finite element computation and dynamic modal analysis on ultrasonic vibration systems

Stress and modal analyses are performed on an ultrasonic vibration system by means of a 3-dimensional finite element computation and dynamic modal analysis code "Algor" The system consists of an edge-cracked specimen linked elastically with one or two amplifying horns which come into resonant longitudinal vibration at 20kHz.Operating principle of the ultrasonic fatigue machines and experimental procedures for ultrasonic fatigue crack growth studies are briefly presented.     

Ultrasonic power features of wire bonding and thermosonic flip chip bonding in microelectronics packaging

The driving voltage and current signals of piezoeeramie transducer (PZT) were measured directly by designing circuits from ultrasonic generator and using a data acquisition software system. The input impedance and power of PZT were investigated by using root mean square (RMS) calculation. The vibration driven by high frequency was tested by laser Doppler vibrometer (PSV-400-M2). And the thermosonic bonding features were observed by scanning electron microscope (JSM-6360LV). The results show that the input power of bonding is lower than that of no load. The input impedance of bonding is greater than that of no load.Nonlinear phase, plastic flow and expansion period, and strengthening bonding process are shown in the impedance and power curves. The ultrasonic power is in direct proportion to the vibration displacement driven by the power, and greater displacements driven by high power (5W) result in welding failure phenomena, such as crack, break, and peeling off in wedge bonding. For thermosonic flip chip bonding, the high power decreases position precision of bonding or results in slippage and rotation phenomena of bumps. To improve reliability and precision of thermosonic bonding, the low ultrasonic power (about 1-5W) should be chosen.