从含钴废渣中回收钴

用焙烧、酸浸、沉淀、溶解法，从含钴废渣中回收钴。在600～750℃下焙烧2．5～4.5h，再用硫酸溶液和混酸（盐酸、硝酸、硫酸）溶液分别浸取4h和3h，钴浸取率可达95％以上。浸取液用硫化钠溶液沉淀，氧化剂氧化再酸溶解纯化，可获得纯度达98％的各类钴盐。     

从低品位硫钴矿中提取钴的研究

介绍了利用硫酸和硝酸从低品位硫钴矿中浸取钴。结果表明,以硫酸和硝酸的混酸为浸取剂,在９０℃下,搅拌浸取,钴的浸出率可达９６％以上。     

氯化钠-氧气浸取镍钴铜硫化精矿-I.镍和钴的浸取

论述氯化钠溶液中氧气浸出浮选镍铜钴硫化精矿的过程，讨论了镍和钴的浸出行为和浸出动力学．实验证实，镍和钴的浸出速率及最终浸出率主要取决于浸取溶液中铜离子浓度和氧分压；过高的反应温度不利于镍和钴的浸出；溶液ｐＨ值基本不影响浸出．镍和钴的浸出速率受浸取液中铜离子扩散及一价铜离子与氧的化学反应混合控制．     

石煤中钒的超声浸取研究

以石煤为原料，添加浸取助剂，用超声浸取法提取石煤中的钒。考察了浸取介质、浸取时问、液固比、浸取温度和浸取助剂种类等因素对钒浸取率的影响。最佳浸取条件：磷酸水溶液作浸取介质，pH=2．0，液固体积质量比2mL／g，磺原酸钾作浸取助剂，浸取温度50℃，浸取时问30min。最佳浸取条件下钒浸取率达68-3％，比无助剂超声浸取的钒浸取率提高54．6％，比无助剂非超声浸取的钒浸取率提高67．7％。     

采用响应面优化酸浸法从废旧锂离子电池中回收钴

对硫酸-过氧化氢体系浸取废旧锂离子电池废料回收钴工艺进行了研究,以钴浸出率为评价指标,探讨了硫酸质量浓度、液固比、浸出时间和浸出温度对钴回收的影响。利用Box-Behnken响应面技术对钴浸出参数进行了优化分析。结果表明:在硫酸浓度为2.5 mol/L,H_2SO_4∶H_2O_2为6∶1,固液比为1∶20,浸出温度70℃,浸出时间1.0 h条件下,钴浸出率最高(97.58%)。验证试验,钴浸出率平均值为97.58%,与模型理论预测值97.09%接近。     

饲料磷酸氢钙副产物的利用

提出了用磷酸、硫酸浸取肥料级磷酸氢钙（俗称“白肥”）制取饲料级磷酸氢钙的流程。实验结果表明，磷酸浸取“白肥”，饲料级磷的收率为20%左右，具有较好的经济性；硫酸浸取“白肥”，饲料级磷的收率为60%左右，但工程问题有待进一步研究。     

有机溶剂浸取湿法磷酸脱氟渣制备磷酸的研究

脱氟渣是湿法磷酸化学沉淀脱氟过程产生的固体废渣。分别用甲醇、乙醇和丙酮浸取脱氟渣来回收脱氟渣中的磷酸,研究了浸取时间、温度和液固比对于五氧化二磷、氟的浸取率以及浸出液磷氟比［m（五氧化二磷）/m（氟）］的影响,得到了适宜的浸取条件。浸取液经蒸发浓缩回收浸取剂后,浓缩液均可满足饲料级磷酸氢钙生产对于湿法磷酸磷氟比的要求。综合考虑浸取剂成本、五氧化二磷浸取率和浸出液磷氟比,确定甲醇为优选浸取剂,并用响应面法对甲醇浸取工艺条件进行优化。优化工艺条件下五氧化二磷的浸取率为97.13%、浸出液磷氟比为51.62,甲醇在5次循环回收利用后对脱氟渣仍有较好的浸取效果。     

人工神经网络研究氨配合法制活性氧化锌

采用工业氧化锌生产中回收的烟道灰为原料，加入过氧化氢进行氧化，提高氧化锌浸取率，并对氨配合法制备活性氧化锌工艺过程中影响浸取率的因素进行研究，用BP(误差反向传播)神经网络对结果进行优化，建立了浸取率的神经网络模型，得到了浸取工艺的最佳工艺条件。结果表明，在此工艺条件下，浸取率可达88.1％。     

氯气氧化硫化钴渣浸取钴镍

本文介绍用氯气氧化硫化钴渣浸取钴镍的工艺及试生产情况、一次浸出率可达88％以上,是从硫化钴渣回收钴、镍的有效途径。     

磷矿除氟工艺研究

讨论了磷矿浸取过程中各个因素对脱氟的影响.通过调整工艺参数和采用特殊的反应方式,在磷酸浸取磷矿的过程中控制氟向液相的转移,从而实现与反应同步除氟,生成高质量的湿法磷酸,该磷酸可直接用于生产饲料级磷酸氢钙.     

Recycling of nickel–metal hydride batteries. I: Dissolution and solvent extraction of metals

Nickel–metal hydride batteries contain valuable metallic components and although they are not considered a hazardous waste, recovery of these materials is necessary from an economic point of view. In this work a hydrometallurgical method for the dissolution and separation of the metals from cylindrical nickel–metal hydride rechargeable batteries was investigated. Hydrochloric acid was employed as the leaching agent to dissolve the metals from the batteries. Dissolution of metals was investigated as a function of acid concentration, leaching time and temperature. Suitable conditions for maximum metal dissolution were 3 h leaching with 4.0 mol dm^?3 hydrochloric acid solutions at 95 °C. Extraction of 98% of nickel, 100% of cobalt and 99% of rare earth elements was achieved under these conditions. Separation of the rare earths from nickel and cobalt was preliminarily investigated by single batch solvent extraction with 25% bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Efficient separation via complete extraction of the rare earths was obtained at a pH of approximately 2.5 while leaving nickel and cobalt in the raffinate. A shrinking particle model which can enable, under certain conditions, evaluation of the extent of metal dissolution present in nickel–metal hydride batteries was developed. A proposed electrochemical recovery of nickel and cobalt is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

磷酸分解磷矿过程中金属元素的浸出规律研究

探究了以磷酸分解磷矿,关键酸解工艺参数对磷及Fe、Al、Mg、Pb、As浸出的影响规律,并从热力学角度进行了分析。结果表明,磷矿内磷及Fe、Al、Mg浸出率随磷酸质量分数、反应温度、反应时间和液固比的增大而增大,搅拌速度影响不明显;Pb浸出率随磷酸质量分数、反应温度和液固比的增大而增大,搅拌速度、反应时间影响不明显;As浸出率随反应温度升高呈先增大后减小趋势,随反应时间增加略有减小,磷酸质量分数、搅拌速度和液固比影响不明显。控制磷酸质量分数为30%（以P₂O₅计）、反应温度为80 ℃、搅拌速度为300 r/min、反应时间为150 min、液固质量比为10∶1,在此条件下,磷及Fe、Al、Mg、Pb、As的浸出率分别为98.65%、68.56%、48.54%、95.84%、32.85%和84.62%。通过热力学分析表明磷矿内Mg、As浸出率较高,Pb浸出率较低,而Fe、Al浸出率大小主要取决于磷矿中褐铁矿及高岭土含量。     

工业磷酸分解磷矿影响因素及副产物性质研究

为改进湿法磷酸生产工艺,提高副产磷石膏的品质,减少湿法磷酸固体副产物堆存产生的经济和环境压力,进行了工业磷酸分解磷矿制磷酸的实验,同时对固体副产物的性质进行了分析。工业磷酸分解磷矿制磷酸的工艺分为两步：第一步,工业磷酸与磷矿反应,得到磷酸二氢钙溶液和酸不溶渣;第二步,浓硫酸与磷酸二氢钙溶液反应,得到磷酸溶液和高纯石膏。采用单因素实验考察了酸比（工业磷酸用量与理论磷酸用量的物质的量的比值）、磷矿粒度、反应温度和反应时间对磷矿中磷浸出率的影响。得到磷矿酸解适宜工艺条件：酸比为6.8,磨矿细度为小于0.074 mm粒级占60%,反应温度为50 ℃,反应时间为2.5 h。在此条件下,磷矿中磷的浸出率可达87.69%。磷矿酸解制磷酸产生的固体副产物中石膏占35.32%（质量分数）、酸不溶渣占64.68%（质量分数）。制备的高纯石膏的纯度为95.80%,工业利用价值较高,有利于提高湿法磷酸固体副产物的利用率。     

钾长石与磷矿共酸浸制NPK复合肥研究

用磷酸浸取钾长石与磷矿混合物,经水浸取酸浸产物后再用氨水中和制备NPK复合肥和长效磷肥,或制备速效和长效性能兼有的复合肥料.重点研究了钾长石与磷矿共酸浸产物水浸工艺、浸取液氨化工艺.结果表明:水浸适宜条件为温度70℃,浸取时间100min,浸取水量10mL/g原料.氨化终点pH值在6左右时,整个过程钾总收率在84%以上,磷总收率在85%以上.该工艺流程简单,产品缓释效能具有可控性,具有良好的发展前景.     

Recycling of nickel–metal hydride batteries. II: Electrochemical deposition of cobalt and nickel

A combination of hydrometallurgical and electrochemical processes has been developed for the separation and recovery of nickel and cobalt from cylindrical nickel–metal hydride rechargeable batteries. Leaching tests revealed that a 4 mol dm^?3 hydrochloric acid solution at 95 °C was suitable to dissolve all metals from the battery after 3 h dissolution. The rare earths were separated from the leaching solution by solvent extraction with 25% bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in kerosene. The nickel and cobalt present in the aqueous phase were subjected to electrowinning. Galvanostatic tests on simulated aqueous solutions investigated the effect of current density, pH, and temperature with regard to current efficiency and deposit composition and morphology. The results indicated that achieving an Ni? Co composition with desirable properties was possible by varying the applied current density. Preferential cobalt deposition was observed at low current densities. Galvanostatic tests using solutions obtained from treatment of batteries revealed that the aqueous chloride phase, obtained from the extraction, was suitable for recovery of nickel and cobalt through simultaneous electrodeposition. Scanning electron micrography and X‐ray diffraction analysis gave detailed information of the morphology and the crystallographic orientation of the obtained deposits. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

微波诱导清洁合成高纯碘酸钾研究

利用微波诱导，用清洁氧化剂过氧化氢氧化碘合成了高纯碘酸钾。最佳合成条件：过氧化氢与碘的摩尔比5．4：1，微波辐射时间12min，微波功率600W，产率94．6％。     

Research on leaching rate enhancement and organic matter removal in wet-process phosphoric acid

In the process of wet-process phosphoric acid leaching, the product phosphoric acid appears black due to the incomplete carbonization of some organic matter. A novel type of catalytic oxidation wet-process phosphoric acid purification technology was proposed in this work. During the leaching process, the oxidant (H₂O₂) and catalyst (MnO₂) was added to form the peroxides such as ·OH and HO₂· in the transformation process, which can enhance the removal rate of organic matter and strengthen the leaching rate of phosphate rock. The different reaction conditions that affected the leaching rate of wet-phosphoric acid and the removal of organic matter were investigated. The results indicated that 96.9% of phosphate rock were leached under the optimum conditions of H₂O₂ dosage 0.08 ml/g, MnO₂/P mass ratio of 0.04, 80℃ and for 40 min. At the same time, the TOC remove rate reached 79%. The analysis mechanism showed that H₂O₂ will form H₃PO₄ · H₂O₂ peroxide with H₃PO₄ in the solution, and MnO₂ will react with it like Fenton to generate a large amount of ·OH, and then fully oxidized the black organic matter into CO₂ and H₂O. Organic matter “wrapped” on the surface of the phosphate rock is broken by ·OH, which promoted the leaching of phosphoric acid and enhanced the removal of organic matter.     

湿法磷酸浸出强化及有机质去除研究

在湿法磷酸浸出过程中由于部分有机物碳化不彻底,使产品磷酸呈现黑色。本文提出了一种新型的催化氧化湿法磷酸净化技术,即在湿法磷酸浸出过程中引入氧化剂(H2O2)及催化剂(MnO2),基于转化过程中形成的·OH和HO2·等过氧化物实现对有机物的去除与浸出过程的强化。重点考察不同反应条件对湿法磷酸浸出率及有机质去除的影响。结果表明,浸出时间为40 min、反应温度为80℃、H2O2用量为0.08 ml/g、催化剂与磷矿的质量比为0.04时,磷矿浸出率可达96.9%;同时测定得到的TOC去除率达到79%。分析机理可得,H2O2会与溶液中的H3PO4形成H3PO4·H2O2过氧化物,MnO2与之发生类Fenton反应,产生大量·OH,进而将黑色有机物充分氧化为CO2和H2O,打破有机物对磷矿颗粒表面的"包裹",促进磷酸的浸出和有机物的去除。