实用信息

制备金属基纳米复合材料的磁化学反应原位合成方法本发明开发了制备金属基纳米复合材料的磁化学反应原位合成方法,在磁场下进行金属熔体与金属粉末或无机盐的化学反应合成,并通过快速凝固技术,进一步控制原位合成颗粒尺寸在纳米尺度,从而获得金属基纳米复合材料。本发明制备的金属基纳米复合材料,不仅纳米相颗粒形态一致,而且尺寸和分布较均匀。此外,本发明与目前的粉末冶金法和N↓[2]等离子制备纳米粉+烧结法相比,不仅制备工艺简单、成本低、且可制成尺寸较大的块体金属基纳米复合材料。     

金属基纳米复合材料的研究现状和展望

综述了金属基纳米复合材料的制备方法和金属基纳米复合材料的力学和磁学性能，分析了金属基纳米复合材料的微观结构，介绍了国内外相关研究现状及应用的最新进展。指出了金属基纳米复合材料研究中存在的几个重要问题，展望了金属基纳米复合材料的未来发展趋势。     

Si3N4/Al复合材料制备及无压浸渗技术研究

用β-Si3N4纳米颗粒浆料浸渍多孔聚合物材料，通过加热烧蚀掉聚合物，制备出三维空间连续网络结构预制块体，再通过无压浸渗将铝液浸渗到预制体中，成功制备出陶瓷与金属相互贯穿的Si3N4/Al金属基复合材料。利用座滴定法测试了Al在Si州．基片上的润湿角，探讨了其浸渗机理，分析了润湿角、浸渗力、浸渗温度和浸渗时间对Si3N4/Al金属基复合材料浸渗行为的影响。     

第二相增强金属基复合材料研究进展

第二相增强金属基复合材料兼具金属和增强相的优点,表现出高强度、成本低、高模量、易于制造和高耐磨性等性能,已成为国内外研究热点,具有广阔的应用前景。阐述了石墨烯金属基复合材料的制备方法,介绍了微米级强化相金属基复合材料的搅拌摩擦制备方法及纳米级强化相金属基复合材料的搅拌摩擦制备方法。对制备金属基复合材料中常见问题进行分析,同时展望了金属基复合材料的研究趋势。     

铸造混杂增强金属基复合材料研究进展

对混杂增强金属基复合材料的铸造方法，常见的4种增强体混杂类型，连续纤维／颗粒（晶须），短纤维（晶须）／短纤维，短纤维（晶须）／颗粒，颗粒／颗粒混杂增强金属基复合材料的基础研究现状进行了综述，分析和讨论，指出开发预制体制备方法，制备出增强体混杂均匀的参制体，以及研究增强体的行为交互作用和机理是混杂增强金属基复合材料领域的进一步研究方向。     

纳米CeO2/Zn复合材料制备及其性能研究

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米CeO2/Zn复合粉末,用粉末冶金真空热压烧结制备了纳米CeO2/Zn复合材料块体;利用X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）等测试分析手段,对复合粉末、块体组织结构进行了研究;比较了不同纳米CeO2含量的Zn复合材料的耐蚀性和硬度并优选出耐蚀性和硬度最好时CeO2的最佳含量范围.结果表明,纳米CeO2颗粒的加入能显著提高金属的耐蚀性、硬度和金属结构的致密均匀性.并于纳米CeO2含量在1%时显示了最佳的耐蚀性、硬度和微观组织结构.     

Si_3N_4／Al复合材料制备及无压浸渗技术研究

用β-Si3N4纳米颗粒浆料浸渍多孔聚合物材料,通过加热烧蚀掉聚合物,制备出三维空间连续网络结构预制块体,再通过无压浸渗将铝液浸渗到预制体中,成功制备出陶瓷与金属相互贯穿的Si3N4/Al金属基复合材料。利用座滴定法测试了Al在Si3N4基片上的润湿角,探讨了其浸渗机理,分析了润湿角、浸渗力、浸渗温度和浸渗时间对Si3N4/Al金属基复合材料浸渗行为的影响。     

原位颗粒增强Fe3Al基纳米复合材料的显微结构与力学性能

采用机械合金化及真空热压烧结制备硼化物颗粒原位增强Fe。Al基纳米复合材料块体。对球磨粉体及热压块体的相组成、烧结块体的微观结构、断口形貌及力学性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,Fe-A1-Ti-B混合粉在球磨过程中,Al、Ti、B逐渐溶人Fe中,形成纳米晶Fe（A1,Ti,B）过饱和固溶体,结构趋于非晶态。经1200℃保温1h后热压烧结的块体由Fe。A1及原位形成的TiB2及FezB等构成,其晶粒尺寸分别约为17nm,22nm和11nm。含5at％（Ti37B67）的Fe3Al基纳米复合材料块体的致密度大于95％,抗弯强度和硬度分别为1440MPa和461．3HV10,弯曲断口为主体脆性断裂,同时呈现出一定韧性特征。     

SiC／CoSb3复合热电材料的制备及热电传输特性

以Co、Sb粉体为原料，利用机械合金化（MA）和放电等离子烧结（SPS）法制备SiC／CoSb3复合热电材料。采用X-射线衍射法确定机械合金化粉末和SPS烧结块体的相组成，用透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察粉体形貌和块体的显微结构。在300～800K范围内测量了复合热电材料的电阻率、塞贝克系数和功率因子，研究了纳米SiC颗粒的添加对复合材料热电性能的影响。研究结果表明，SiC颗粒的引入使复合材料的电阻率降低，功率因子提高。在680K时0．1vol％SiC／CoSb3复合材料的功率因子比单相CoSb3热电材料提高了约100μW／m·K^2。     

金属基陶瓷颗粒增强复合材料的制备方法

介绍了金属基陶瓷颗粒增强复合材料（metal matrix ceramic reinforced composites）的基体与陶瓷增强相的选择,同时指出如何有效地改善金属基体与陶瓷颗粒增强相之间的浸湿性问题。总结了烧结前期复合坯体的一些主要制备方法。又介绍了金属基陶瓷复合材料（MMC）的烧结工艺,重点介绍了通电烧结,比较了各新工艺的基本原理和优缺点,最后对金属基陶瓷颗粒增强复合材料进行了技术展望。     

Functional Metal Matrix Composites: Self-lubricating,Self-healing,and Nanocomposites-An Outlook

Many different types of advanced metal matrix composites are now available, some of which possess functional properties. Recent work on particle-reinforced, self-lubricating and self-healing metals and metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) synthesized by solidification synthesis is reviewed. Particle-based MMNCs have been developed by several modern processing tools based on either solid- or liquid-phase synthesis techniques that are claimed to exhibit exciting mechanical properties including improvements of modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength. This article presents a brief and objective review of the work done over the last decade to identify the challenges and future opportunities in the area of functional nanocomposites. Increasing interest in lightweight materials has resulted in studies on hollow particle-filled metal matrix syntactic foams. Syntactic foams seem especially suitable for development with functional properties such as self-healing and self-lubrication. The metal matrix micro and nanocomposites, and syntactic foams having combinations of ultrahigh strength and wear resistance, self-lubricating, and/or self-healing properties can lead to increased energy efficiency, reliability, comfort of operation, reparability, and safety of vehicles. The focus of the present review is aluminum and magnesium matrix functional materials.     

雾化沉积技术在MMCs材料制备中的应用

颗粒增强金属基复合材料具有良好的综合力学性能,在航空、航天、兵器、汽车工业中有着广阔应用前景。近年来用雾化沉积技术制备金属基复合材料逐渐受到了重视,喷射沉积的金属基复合材料组织均匀,性能优异。阐述了这一方法的基本原理,并介绍了这一工艺在国内外的一些最新发展趋势。     

钢纤维增强有色金属基复合材料综述

有色金属基复合材料相对于传统有色金属材料而言,具有更好的抗氧化性、高耐热性、高比强度、高比模量、耐磨损和高使用寿命。在有色金属基复合材料的众多的增强体中,非金属纤维(C/C、SiC)与金属基质结合界面的相容性是制约金属基复合材料性能的关键问题,而金属纤维与金属基质之间良好的相容性能够有效改善金属材料的性能。金属纤维增强有色金属基复合材料的制备工艺主要有扩散粘结法、液态渗透法、压力铸造法、涂层热压法、双辊轧制法。 本文主要总结了钢纤维增强有色金属基(Al、Mg、Cu、Zn和Zr)复合材料的制备方法、微观组织、界面特征和机械性能,指出了钢纤维增强有色金属基复合材料进一步研究发展所需要解决的问题。     

Designing bulk metallic glass and glass matrix composites in martensitic alloys

To circumvent the limited plasticity of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), heterogeneous materials with glassy matrix and different type and length-scale of heterogeneities (micrometer-sized second phase particles or fibers, nanocrystals in a glassy matrix, phase separated regions, variations in short-range order by clustering) have been reported. We developed bulk metallic glasses and glass matrix composites in martensitic Zr–Cu-base alloys. Large plasticity can be obtained from microstructure consisting of either a glassy structure, or for alloys with martensitic second phase embedded in a glassy matrix. This type of glasses and glass–matrix composites are able to achieve high strength together with pronounced work-hardening. We explore the possibilities to synthesize such in situ composite microstructures based on shape memory alloys (“M-Glasses”) through metal mold casting.     

Microdeformation of soft particles in metal matrix composites

In this study, microdeformation of soft particles in metal matrix composites was investigated. For that purpose, two different types of ductile iron having different metal matrix microstructures were tensile stressed and compressed. It was found that graphite nodules do not change their shape during tensile stressing, only decohesion occurs on the graphite and metal matrix interface. However, compression testing at room temperature resulted in a significant change in graphite shape. A relationship between average aspect ratio of graphite after various degrees of compression and bulk material deformation was devised. Furthermore, graphite nodule and metal matrix microdeformation was compared to bulk material deformation. This implies that deformation process is not homogenous. It strongly depends on metal matrix microstructure and can be represented with deformation ratio (K). Deformed or deformed and cracked graphite nodules were found on the fractured surface of compressed specimens, indicating that the graphite does not turn into powder during compression at room temperature, as other previous researches found.     

热处理对SiCp/AZ61镁基纳米复合材料阻尼性能的影响

实验采用自行设计的高能超声装置制备SiCp/AZ61镁基纳米复合材料(MMNCS),并对制备的复合材料进行了阻尼性能测试。研究时效处理(T5)、固溶处理(T4)及固溶后时效处理(T6)3种不同热处理工艺,对挤压态n-SiCp/AZ61 MMNCs阻尼性能的影响。研究表明,不同的热处理工艺对n-SiCP/AZ61复合材料阻尼性能的影响较显著。与挤压态的n-SiCP/AZ61复合材料相比,T4态和T6态与应变相关部分的阻尼得到了较大幅度提升。在T6态时,随着时效时间的延长,复合材料的阻尼性能下降。不同热处理工艺对AZ61镁合金阻尼性能的影响规律,室温可通过G-L理论,高温时可由界面阻尼机制很好的解释。     

内生晶相对Cu46Zr46Al8非晶复合材料力学性能的影响

通过不同退火工艺分别制备出了含内生晶相的Cu46Zr46Al8非晶复合材料,并研究了其显微组织及室温压缩性能.结果表明,在淬火态非晶复合材料的晶化组织中出现了亚稳初生相与共晶共存的形态,这种组织形态是导致其力学能大幅度降低的主要原因.通过控制退火工艺在Cu46Zr46Al8非晶中内生出不同形态和尺寸的晶体相.枝晶臂细且长的树枝晶对材料的强度有较大的危害作用,而细小的胞状初生相晶粒则对材料的强度提高有一定的作用.     

逐步熔融凝固法制备金属基复合材料

为了探讨和开发制备金属基复合材料的新工艺,用逐步熔融凝固法制备了ＷＣ－６５Ｍｎ复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜观察了试样的微观形貌和组织结构,并用ＩＭＡＧＥＴＯＯＬ软件分析不同试样的扫描图像,定量测定了增强相ＷＣ颗粒分布状况,同时测量了材料经哟度、弹性模量、硬度和冲击性能。试验结果表明上颗粒分布均匀,与基体结合良好,复合材料力学性能好论证了用该方法制备金属基复全材料是可行的。     

Dispersion of ultrafine SiC particles in molten Al-12Si alloy

The bulk Al-12 Si eutectic composites were fabricated through a conventional liquid metal casting route, especially with the help of ultrafine ceramic powders made by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process. The SHS powders were fabricated by the chemical reaction between micro-sized SiC and Al particles at very high combustion temperatures, producing the coarse Al particles (several tens of microns) containing ultrafine SiC ceramic particles. Microstructural observation revealed that the addition of ultrafine SiC particles has a crumbling tendency of Si eutectic phase. It is suggested that the casting method combined with SHS process is promising for fabricating the Al-based MMC with ultrafine ceramic particles.     

铝、镁基复合材料的润湿性探究

阐明了金属基复合材料的润湿性概念及其对力学性能的影响，详细介绍了分别以SiC、Al2O3和Gr（C）颗粒或纤维为增强体的铝、镁基复合材料制备过程中熔融基体金属对增强体的润湿特点，并针对每一种复合材料体系提出了改善润湿性的措施。最后，提出了自己对润湿性的理解。