Leaching kinetics of synthetic CaWO4 in HCl solutions containing H3PO4 as chelating agent

In this study, the dissolution kinetics of synthetically prepared CaWO₄ in HCl solutions containing H₃PO₄ was studied. The effects of process parameters such as stirring speed, temperature and acid concentrations on the dissolution rate of CaWO₄ were investigated. The reaction rate was found to be of 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 order with respect to HCl and H₃PO₄ concentrations, respectively, and the activation energy for the dissolution reaction to be 60 kJ mol^− 1. The rate equation for the dissolution reaction was derived using the Avrami equation and the rate determining step was the chemical reaction on the surface of solid particles.     

磷酸锂陶瓷靶材的研究进展

全固态薄膜锂电池利用固态电解质替代传统电解液,属于新一代的锂离子电池,因体小质轻、高比容、高功率密度、低自放电率、优异充放电循环性能、形状和尺寸可任意设计、使用安全等优点受到广泛关注,在可穿戴设备、便携式移动电源、汽车和航空动力电池等领域应用前景广阔.LiPON薄膜电解质作为全固态薄膜锂电池的重要结构,其制备过程中所需的磷酸锂陶瓷靶材以及其制备的LiPON薄膜电解质,自然是研究的热点.文章介绍了磷酸锂以及磷酸锂陶瓷靶材,并对LiPON薄膜电解质的研究现状进行了概述,最后对磷酸锂陶瓷靶材以及LiPON薄膜电解质的研究方向进行了展望.     

Nd-doped structurally disordered YSr3(PO4)3 single crystal: Growth and laser performances

Disordered-structure crystals have drawn increasing attention as promising ultrashort laser material hosts owing to their broad linewidth. Herein, a novel disordered Nd:YSr₃(PO₄)₃ (Nd:YSP) crystal with good quality was successfully grown via the Czochralski pulling technique. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the Nd:YSP single crystal were recorded at ambient temperature. The maximum absorption cross section for Nd:YSP single crystal is found to be approximately 3.89 × 10⁻²⁰ cm². The stimulated emission cross section for Nd:YSP crystal at ∼1060 nm was determined to be 7.64 × 10⁻²⁰ cm² with the full width half maximum value of 22 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of the Nd³⁺ ions in the Nd:YSP crystal is fitted to be 288 μs. Diode-pumped continuous-wave laser operation is firstly realized at approximately 1060 nm. The maximum output power value from the Nd:YSP crystal is 714 mW, corresponding to a slope efficiency of ∼12.8%. The results indicate that the Nd:YSP crystal with a disordered structure may be a promising disordered laser host.     

盐酸-磷酸络合浸出人造白钨矿试验研究

研究了以盐酸-磷酸络合体系浸出人造白钨矿制备磷钨杂多酸。试验结果表明:以盐酸-磷酸络合浸出人造白钨矿,盐酸初始浓度、反应温度、钨磷物质的量比、搅拌速度等因素对钨浸出率均有显著影响;浸出产物为H3[PW12O40],反应过程受界面化学反应控制,表观活化能Ea=60.652kJ/mol;在HCl初始浓度0.72mol/L、反应温度50℃、钨磷物质的量比7/1、搅拌强度600r/min条件下,钨浸出率在98%以上。     

Crystal structure and infrared spectrum of thallium holmium polyphosphate, TIHo(PO3)4

Crystals of thallium-holmium polyphosphate TIHo(PO3)4 were grown by flux method technique and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structure of TIHo(PO3)4 was solved for the first time, and it crystallized in the monoclinic P21/n space group with the following unit-cell dimensions: a=1.02225(3) nm, b=0.88536(2) nm, c=1.09541(4) nm, β=105.888(1)°, V=0.95354(5) nm3 and Z=4. The crystal structure was solved from 2174 independent reflections with final R1(F2)=0.0442 and Rw(F<2)=0.0861 refined with 164 parameters. The atomic arrangement could be described as a long chain polyphosphate organization. Holmium atoms had eighffold coordination. The structure of T1Ho(PO3)4 consisted of HoO8 polyhedra sharing oxygen atoms with phosphoric group PO4. Infrared spectrum was investigated at room temperature in the frequencies range, 350-4000 cm-1, showing some characteristic vibration bands of infinite chain structure of PO4 tetrahedra linked by bridging oxygen.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Y-doped Li3V2（PO4）3 cathode materials for lithium batteries

Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials were prepared by a carbothermal reduction(CTR) process. The properties of the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. XRD studies showed that the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 had the same monoclinic structure as the undoped Li3V2(PO4)3. The Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 samples were investigated on the Li extraction/insertion performances through charge/discharge, cyclic voltammogram (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The optimal doping content of Y was x=0.03 in Li3V2-xYx(PO4)3 system. The Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 samples showed a better cyclic ability. The electrode reaction reversibility was enhanced, and the charge transfer resistance was decreased through the Y-doping. The improved electrochemical performances of the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials were attributed to the addition of Y3+ ion by stabilizing the monoclinic structure.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of sodium praseodymium polyphosphate, NaPr（PO3）4

Reaction of Na2CO3, Pr6O11 and H3PO4 gave the sodium praseodymium polyphosphate NaPr(PO3)4. The title compound crystallized in the monoclinic P21/n space group with a=0.9965(4) nm, b=1.31437(4) nm, c=0.72271(3) nm,β=90.429(3)°, V=0.9465(4) nm3, Z=4, R=0.0493 and wR=0.1266 for 1855 independent reflections. The structure of NaPr(PO3)4 consisted of PrO8 polyhedra sharing oxygen atoms with phosphoric group PO4 to form a three-dimensional framework, delimiting intersecting tunnels in which the sodium ion was located. Each Na+ ion was bonded to seven oxygen atoms.     

包覆磷酸钙法与混合矿法抑制铁矿粉黏结失流

 为了进一步研究铁矿粉流态化还原过程中黏结失流的发生机理,探索新的抑制黏结失流的途径,引入了磷酸钙表面改性和混合矿2种方法。试验中分别采用悬浊液法、酸浸碱浸法和共沉淀法对巴西矿粉表面进行磷酸钙包覆,并在扫描电镜下检测其包覆效果,在石英管流化床中对处理后矿粉进行流化还原验证其抑制黏结失流效果;除此之外,尝试在容易发生黏结失流的巴西矿、华联精粉中按不同比例混入高磷矿、印尼海砂矿等不黏结矿,研究该方法对黏结失流行为的影响。试验中发现包覆磷酸钙可以很好地抑制巴西矿粉还原过程中表面铁晶须的生长,但是对黏结失流并未产生抑制作用;混合矿的方法可以达到易黏结矿与不黏结矿按一定比例混合后不发生黏结失流的效果。     

碳热还原法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3的研究

以LiCO3、V2O5、NH4H2PO4为原料,采用碳热还原法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3(LVP).根据TG分析得到制备样品的温度范围.对所得材料分别进行了XRD、粉末微电极循环伏安及恒电流充放电测试.XRD分析表明, 850 ℃煅烧所得样品特征衍射峰型尖锐,晶体结构发育良好,为纯相的Li3V2(PO4)3;循环伏安测试表明,锂离子脱嵌分三步进行,循环伏安曲线对称性好;合成的正极材料在7 mA/g恒流充放电,首次充、放电比容量分别为129.8 mA·h/g、116.8 mA·h/g,充放电效率达90%,循环性能有待提高.材料中过量碳的加入提高了其充、放电比容量,使其循环性能有所改善.     

Citrate-Gel Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of α-Zn3(PO4)2 Doped with Eu3+

By using inorganic salts as raw materials and citric acid as complexing agent, α-Zn3(PO4)2 and Eu3 doped α-Zn3(PO4)2 phosphor powders were prepared by a citrate-gel process. X-ray diffraction(XRD), TG-DTA, FT-IR and luminescence excitation and emission spectra were used to characterize the resulting products. The results of XRD reveal that the powders begin to crystallize at 500 ℃ and pure α-Zn3(PO4)2 phase is obtained at 800 ℃. And the results of XRD reveal that Eu3 exists as EuPO4 in the powder. In the phosphor powders, the Eu3 shows its characteristic red-orange(592 nm, 5D0-7F1) emission and has no quenching concentration.     

微弧氧化法直接合成CaTi4(PO4)6生物陶瓷膜

采用微弧氧化技术, 在钛基体表面生长出一层致密的、结合良好的金属磷酸盐生物陶瓷膜, 考察了微弧氧化时间与电流对生成陶瓷膜的影响. 并借助XRD、 SEM等测试手段, 研究了该生物陶瓷膜的物相组成和表面形貌特征. 研究结果表明该金属磷酸盐生物陶瓷膜主要物相是CaTi4(PO4)6(CTP). 本技术与粉末等离子喷涂技术相比, 具有流程短、能耗小、易于实现的优点.     

碳源对Li3V2(PO4)3正极材料性能的影响

采用高温碳热还原法在惰性气氛下合成单斜晶型Li3V2(PO4)3正极材料,考察活性炭、蔗糖和酚醛树脂等不同碳源对目标材料性能的影响。采用XRD、FE-SEM和电化学测试等手段对目标材料进行结构表征和性能测试。结果显示,以酚醛树脂作为碳源的正极材料具有优良的电化学性能,首次放电比容量达138 mA.h/g,到第10次循环容量降至122.9 mA.h/g。酚醛树脂作碳源能在加热的过程中固化交联成三维的网状结构,极有效地限制了粒子的进一步长大,材料粒径最小。     

Synthesis and optical characterization of Eu2+,Tb3+-codoped Sr3Y(PO4)3 green phosphors

A series of Eu~(2+),Tb~(3+)-codoped Sr_3 Y(PO_4)_3(SYP) green phosphors were synthesized by hightemperature solid-state reaction. Several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrum,and photoluminescence spectrum, were used to investigate the obtained phosphors. The present study investigates in detail photoluminescence excitation and emission properties, energy transfer between the two dopants, and effects of doping ions on optical band gap. SYP:0.05 Eu2+ phosphor shows an intense and broad excitation band ranging from 220 to 400 nm and exhibits a bright green emission band with CIE chromaticity coordinates(0.189, 0.359) under 350 nm excitation. Green emission of SYP:0.03 Tb3+ is intensified by codoping with Eu~(2+), and energy transfer mechanism between them is demonstrated to be a dipole-dipole interaction. Upon 350 nm excitation, SYP:Eu~(2+),Tb~(3+) phosphors exhibits two dominating bands peaking at 466 and 545 nm, which are assigned to 4 f~65 d~1→4 f~7 transition of Eu~(2+) ions and ~5 D_4→~7 F_5 transition of Tb~(3+) ions, respectively. Optimal doping concentrations of Eu~(2+) and Tb~(3+) in the SYP host are 5 mol% and 15 mol%, respectively. Results indicate that SYP:Eu~(2+),Tb~(3+) phosphors are potentially used as green-emitting phosphors for white light-emitting diodes.     

Investigation on luminescence of red-emitting Mg3Ca3(PO4)4:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphors

To realize red emission, the Ce3+-Mn2+ activated Mg3Ca3(PO4)4 phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The phase and luminescence properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by ...     

磷酸法从磷矿中分离富集稀土的机理研究

通过试验与理论分析、矿相显微镜、SEM、EDS、XRD、EPMA及化学逐提等方法,研究了磷酸分解法从含稀土磷矿中分离、富集稀土的反应机理。在磷酸分解过程中,氟磷灰石晶体中的磷、大部分钙元素被选择性溶解进入溶液,而氟元素与少部分钙在氟磷灰石晶体内发生原位化学反应形成了类晶质状的氟化钙新相,约95%的稀土以类质同相的形式进入氟化钙物相中与磷分离并得到富集。     

Luminescence and Defect Properties of Novel Bluish-Green Phosphor β-Zn3(PO4)2∶Zr4+

Luminescence and defect properties of novel phosphor β-Zn3(PO4)2:Zr4 were systematically investigated. Corresponding to its lowest optical absorption transition at 240 nm, phosphor emits a bluish-green light at 485 nm, which yields the Stokes shift about 20000 cm-1. The unusual optical properties of Zr4 ion are ascribed to its uncommon coordination environment. In addition it shows intensive bluish-green long lasting phosphorescence(LLP) due to the existence of electron trap, which is generated by aliovalent substitution of Zr4 ion for the cation site in the matrix as shown in thermoluminescence(TL) spectrum.     

Determination of the standard gibbs energies of formation of Ba3P2 and Ba3(PO4)2

The standard Gibbs energies of formation of barium phosphide and barium orthophosphate were determined by a chemical equilibration technique yielding the following results: 3Ba(1)+P₂(g)=Ba₃P₂ (s) ΔG°=−732,000+156.1T(±12,800) (J/mol) 3BaO (s)+P₂(g)+5/2O₂(g)=Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) ΔG°=−2,523,000+580.0T(±16,600) (J/mol) The stability and the thermodynamic behavior of barium compounds as reaction products of dephosphorization of steel were discussed in terms of the oxygen partial pressure and the activity coefficient of Ba_1.5P in molten Ba saturated with CaO. D.J. MIN, formerly Graduate Student, Department of Metallurgy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan     

锂空气电池固体电解质Li_(1+x)Al_xTi_(2-x)(PO_4)_3的制备研究

以Li_2CO_3、Al_2O_3、TiO_2、NH_4H_2PO_4为原料,采用固相烧结法制备锂空气电池固体电解质Li_(1+x)Al_xTi_(2-x)(PO_4)_3(LATP),研究了不同x值、不同烧结温度对电解质性能的影响。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对所制备电解质的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明在x值等于0.2时得到纯相的LATP,最佳烧结工艺是350℃保温2 h,600℃保温2 h,1 000℃保温8 h,室温下的电导率为4.89×10~(-5)S/cm。