三聚磷酸钠辅助沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌及其抗菌性能研究

探讨了纳米氧化锌制备过程中的团聚问题及其抗菌性能。以三聚磷酸钠为表面活性剂,辅助沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌粉体,用XRD,TEM,TG-DTA,BET等方法对产物进行了表征。结果表明:所得纳米氧化锌为高分散的球形颗粒,属于六方纤维矿的单晶结构,平均粒径为20 nm,比表面积可达70.478 1 m2/g。线性三聚磷酸钠与锌离子的络合作用,可以使前躯体均匀成核,并通过空间位阻抑制颗粒间的聚集,避免团聚的发生。采用杯碟法测试纳米氧化锌的抑菌活性。结果显示,纳米氧化锌对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌具有很好的抑菌活性,纳米氧化锌比表面积大小决定其抑菌活性。     

纳米氧化锌的制备及抑菌性能的研究

采用液相沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌,分别用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、紫外可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）、红外光谱等物理手段对纳米氧化锌进行了表征,并运用抑菌圈法对所制备的纳米氧化锌进行了定性的抗菌性研究。结果表明,制备的纳米氧化锌颗粒大小均匀,分散性较好,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有良好的抑制效果。     

八角中黄酮提取及其抗氧化抑菌活性研究进展

黄酮是八角的功能活性成分之一,具有抗氧化抑菌活性,在医药、食品、卫生和保健品等领域具有广泛应用前景。开发应用八角黄酮对发展八角产业有重要的实际意义。本文概述我国八角黄酮提取纯化工艺及抗氧化抑菌活性研究进展,为八角黄酮提取纯化及其抗氧化抑菌活性的进一步研究提供参考。     

纳米氧化锌的应用研究

纳米氧化锌作为一种功能材料，有着许多优异的性能和广泛的应用价值，本文对纳米氧化锌的应用研究状况进行了较为系统的评述，针对目前存在的问题，提出了进一步的研究方向。     

红柳黄酮提取工艺优化及其抗氧化、抑菌活性初探

以红柳黄酮得率为评价指标,通过单因素实验和响应面法对红柳黄酮的提取工艺进行了优化,通过测定红柳不同部位黄酮提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率评价了其抗氧化活性,并考察了其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,红柳黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：提取温度79.7℃、乙醇体积分数71.0%、提取时间2.19 h,在此条件下,红柳黄酮得率为5.24 mg·g^-1;红柳不同部位黄酮提取物对DPPH自由基均有较强的清除能力;红柳不同部位黄酮提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌均有一定的抑菌活性。     

生物合成氧化锌纳米颗粒材料及其抗菌应用

随着环境污染加剧与抗生素的广泛使用,各种威胁人类健康的疾病逐渐爆发,病原菌对抗生素的耐药性问题也愈发严重。这促使许多研究都集中在对绿色环保、抗菌活性强、不易产生耐药性的新型抗菌剂的探索上,并且纳米技术已被证明可作为对抗病原菌的有效手段。氧化锌纳米颗粒材料具有优异的抗菌抑菌性能,有望作为新型金属离子抗菌材料而被广泛应用。与传统物理化学方法相比,氧化锌纳米颗粒的生物方法具有操作简单、安全性高、对环境污染小等优势,已成为纳米合成技术发展的新趋势。本文首先综述了利用植物、藻类、微生物等提取物进行氧化锌纳米颗粒的生物合成方法与合成机理,总结了氧化锌纳米颗粒的抗菌机制,讨论了氧化锌纳米材料在医药行业、纺织工业、食品行业、农业等相关领域的抗菌应用,最后进一步展望了含有氧化锌的创新型多金属复合型纳米颗粒的相关研究与应用前景,为氧化锌纳米技术发展提供了新思路。     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌和片状氧化锌粉体

以氯化锌、尿素为原料 ,采用均匀沉淀法在一定条件下制备得到纳米级氧化锌粉体。并以TEM、SEM、XRD等测试手段对产物的粉体结构、形貌进行了研究。结果表明 ,在 2 0 0℃下热处理得到的氧化锌粉体结晶性能良好 ;在较大的反应物浓度及反应物浓度比下可以得到较小的晶体粒径 ,平均为 2 0nm ,且分散性好 ;在较小的浓度及较小的浓度比下得到的晶体粒径较大 ,并呈片状生长。阐述了浓度对于粒径大小的影响并得出片状氧化锌微晶生长的最佳条件。     

工业级纳米氧化锌的合成及性能

以七水硫酸锌、碳酸氢铵为原料,通过液相沉淀法合成纳米氧化锌前体,并焙烧获得纳米氧化锌。本文采用XRD、TG-DSC、TEM、BET等测试手段对纳米氧化锌及其前体进行表征,研究了焙烧温度对所制备氧化锌形貌、晶型及脱硫活性的影响,结果表明:所获得的碱式碳酸锌为不规则纳米晶,晶粒尺寸约为2~10nm;在不同的焙烧温度下所获得的纳米氧化锌的综合性能存在较大差异,其中在焙烧温度300℃处理所得纳米氧化锌综合性能较高,其晶粒尺寸为5~10nm之间,结晶度较完整,比表面积为41.41m²/g,在220℃脱硫活性较高,穿透硫容>25%;随着焙烧温度的提高,纳米氧化锌的晶化程度加大,表面性质被破坏,比表面积急剧下降,颗粒团聚严重;焙烧温度太低,则纳米氧化锌前体分解不完全,影响其纯度。     

纳米氧化锌的制备方法及其光催化性能

纳米氧化锌（ZnO）作为一种高功能材料,被广泛应用于气体传感、催化、能源、光电材料等领域,在紫外光照射下,可产生光致电子-空穴对,表现出良好的光催化特性,可以提高氧化还原反应的速率,氧化难降解有机物用于污染治理,具有无毒、高效、低成本等优点。综述了近年来纳米氧化锌的制备方法及原理,介绍了其光催化性能的机理和表征方法。提出今后需加强对掺杂纳米ZnO的理论和制备技术研究,加大纳米ZnO薄膜光催化性能的研究,对纳米ZnO进行改性,提高光催化活性,进一步拓宽工业化应用领域。     

藤茶多酚分离纯化及其对口腔变形链球菌抑制作用研究

采用Folin-Ciocaileu比色法测定藤茶多酚质量浓度,计算吸附率和洗脱率,比较5种不同性质大孔树脂对藤茶多酚静态吸附和解吸的影响,优选出HPD-100型树脂。进一步通过单因素试验得到藤茶多酚分离纯化的优选工艺条件为:上样液藤茶多酚粗提物质量浓度2.4 g/L、流速2.0 BV/h、体积6.5 BV;洗脱剂乙醇体积分数60%、流速3 BV/h、体积7.5 BV。在此条件下,经大孔树脂处理后藤茶多酚质量分数由29.9%提高到69.8%。抑菌试验表明,经大孔树脂处理后的藤茶提取物具有显著抑制口腔变形链球菌生长的作用,其最低抑菌浓度为3.13 g/L。     

银@石墨烯纳米复合材料的绿色制备及其抑菌性能

以聚乙二醇为还原剂通过水热反应,还原氧化石墨烯同时在石墨烯表面原位生长银纳米粒子,制备银@石墨烯纳米复合材料。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜对所制备的银@石墨烯纳米复合材料进行了表征。结果表明：银以单质形态成功负载在石墨烯表面,银纳米粒子的平均粒径为30nm。以大肠杆菌为模型对纳米复合材料的抑菌性能进行测试,银@石墨烯纳米复合材料在100µg/mL时可以完全抑制大肠杆菌的生长,是一种效果显著的新型抑菌材料。     

田基黄总黄酮提取物的抑菌性能研究

用抑菌圈法考察了田基黄总黄酮浓度、pH和处理温度对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,总黄酮提取物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都具有良好的抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度分别为3.125,6.25,1.562 5 μg/mL.总黄酮浓度为12.5 μg/mL的田基黄提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌分别在pH为8,7～8和5抑菌活性最大.总黄酮提取液具有较强的耐热性能,在20℃和80℃加热处理30 min后对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈分别为12.8,10.2,11.3 mm和12.0,10.0,10.8 mm.     

Rectangular shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles: Green synthesis by Stevia and its biomedical efficiency

Synthesis and properties of a new zinc oxide nanostructure, and its antimicrobial applications are presented. The synthesis method was fast, clean and green using a natural sweetener (Stevia) extract. The synthesized nanoparticles had a rectangular shape with a size range of 10–90?nm. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles in parasitic strain of Leishmaniasis major and bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was studied. It was found that low concentrations of the nanoparticles are required for complete prevention of growth of these organisms in vitro.     

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Ampelopsis grossedentata Stems: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction of bioactive compounds including flavonoids and phenolics from Ampelopsis grossedentata stems was carried out. Extraction parameters such as pressure, temperature, dynamic time and modifier, were optimized using an orthogonal array design of L(9) (3(4)), and antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assay. The best conditions obtained for SC-CO(2) extraction of flavonoids was 250 bar, 40 °C, 50 min, and with a modifier of methanol/ethanol (1:3, v/v), and that for phenolics extraction was 250 bar, 40 °C, 50 min, and with a modifier of methanol/ethanol (1:1, v/v). Meantime, flavonoids and phenolics were found to be mainly responsible for the DPPH scavenging activity of the extracts, but not for the chelating activity on ferrous ion according to Pearson correlation analysis. Furthermore, several unreported flavonoids such as apigenin, vitexin, luteolin, etc., have been detected in the extracts from A. grossedentata stems.     

Co掺杂ZnO微球的光降解及抗菌性能研究

采用简单的水热法制备不同Co掺杂量的ZnO微球。通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜等技术对Co-ZnO进行结构、形貌及光学性质分析。以亚甲基蓝为模型研究Co-ZnO在模拟太阳光下的催化性能,并以大肠杆菌为模型研究其抗菌活性。结果表明,在制备的催化剂中,物质的量分数5%Co-ZnO具有最佳的光催化及抗菌性能,这可能是由于掺杂的Co离子能够进入ZnO晶格中改变ZnO带隙宽度,且能够抑制在反应过程中产生的光生电子-空穴的复合,从而促进ZnO的光催化及抗菌性能。     

Green nickel/nickel oxide nanoparticles for prospective antibacterial and environmental remediation applications

The extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has resulted in antibiotic resistance for many human pathogenic bacteria making multi-drug resistance an increasing issue in the management of various infectious diseases. The current research focused on the green synthesis of nickel/nickel oxide nanoparticles (Ni^o/NiO nanoparticles) using seeds extract of Lactuca Serriola, bactericidal effect on human pathogenic bacteria and the photocatalytic activity. Highly crystalline nature of Ni^o/NiO nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Infrared spectra of seeds extract of Lactuca Serriola (LS) evidenced the presence of many functional groups of phytochemicals acting as reducing or capping agents. From field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) images of Ni^o/NiO nanoparticles, it was clearly observed that the particles were slightly spherical in shape with size <100 nm. The Ni^o/NiO nanoparticles were also tested against eight pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Basilus subtilis, Basilus pumilus, Micrococcus luteus, E. coli and Bordetella bronchiseptica) which displayed significant antibacterial activity at low doses and almost complete inhibition at optimized concentration. From the bandgap study, the reduced bandgap energy value of 1.57 eV indicated its potential semiconductor photocatalytic behavior. Higher degradation efficiency against the model contaminant crystal violet dye, possibility of multiple degradation mechanisms and simple recovery suggested that the green synthesized Ni^o/NiO nanoparticles might be best suitable candidates for environmental remediation applications.     

Green synthesis of symmetrical imidazolium based ionic liquids and their application in the preparation of ZnO nanostructures

Environmentally benign procedure for synthesis symmetrical imidazolium based ionic liquids has been achieved. These Ionic liquids dissolved in water have been used as a reaction medium for synthesis of different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures like nanocoral, spherical and nanosheet by reflux method. The structural and optical properties of these ZnO particles were studied by using XRD, SEM and UV–visible. The characteristic results revealed that the anion and cation of ionic liquids effect on band gap and morphology of the zinc oxide species. The results show that the longer alkyl chain at positions 1 and 3 of imidazole ring ionic liquid cause the nanosheet morphology.     

Plant mediated green synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Crataegus douglasii fruit extract

In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the Crataegus douglasii fruit extract as a reducing agent. The reaction process was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy. Further characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To optimize the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, the effect of process variables such as extract concentrations, mixing ratio of the reactants, time and pH were also investigated. The SEM images showed silver nanoparticles with 29.28 nm size and nearly spherical shape at 24 h interaction time. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.     

锰掺杂氧化锌纳米颗粒的制备及抗菌性能评价

采用一种简单的固相研磨方法制备氧化锌及锰掺杂的氧化锌纳米颗粒。利用透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射对样品进行结构表征。以抑菌圈实验,最小抑菌浓度和抗菌动力学曲线对样品抗菌活性进行测试。结果表明,掺杂质量分数0.5%的锰可以显著提高暗态下氧化锌的抗菌活性。与未掺杂氧化锌纳米颗粒相比,其最小抑菌浓度显著减小,失活动力学常数明显增大,而这种活性的提高有可能是锰掺杂导致氧化锌晶体缺陷增多所致。