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1.
周刚炎 《中国水利》2007,(11):46-50
以色列位于地中海东岸,人口快速增加和经济持续增长对这个水资源稀缺的国家构成了巨大压力。但是,以色列采取行政、法律、技术和经济相结合的手段,把水资源当作稀缺的公共资源统一管理.建立全国联网的输水系统,统一调配生活、工业、农业用水,开源节流,计量供水,着力开发暴雨截流、中水利用、人工降雨、海水淡化和淡水进口等新型水源,减少了对传统自然水源的需求压力。以色列水资源管理经验对我国的节水型社会建设具有启示作用。  相似文献   

2.
以色列是一个干旱、严重缺水的国家,水是其生存的国脉所系。以色列民族创造了沙漠绿洲、沙漠硅谷,而他们的水经济也同样令世人瞩目。介绍以色列水资源立法的政策法规和行之有效的水资源管理体制,阐述了水资源价格体系,以及水资源淡化工程的做法。  相似文献   

3.
流域内水环境的管理有很多手段,正确认识各种手段各自的优缺点和发展趋势,对于制定流域水环境管理政策具有重要意义。对现行水环境管理手段的种类、主要管理手段优缺点、选择水环境管理手段的标准、水环境管理手段的发展趋势进行了分析,并提出相关政策建议。  相似文献   

4.
This paper focuses on the use of three economic approaches to water management in Australia that can increase the efficiency of water use and water security, thus providing a fillip to sustainability and economic growth: the establishment of water markets and water pricing; government spending; and the adoption of legislation and economic regulations promoting the development of water markets. Australia is well down the reform path, but needs to complete implementation. Australia's challenge is relevant to many countries struggling with demand and supply water imbalances, and the consequential declining environmental outcomes in rural areas and persistent water shortages in urban areas.  相似文献   

5.
An important challenge facing the design of sustainable aquifer management plans is weak primary data on aquifer recharge and use patterns. Weak data limit the ability of policy makers to design efficient aquifer protection plans. The objectives of this article are (1) to estimate groundwater use patterns for an important food-producing region of southern Iraq, the Bahr Al-Najaf Basin; (2) to compare groundwater use patterns with the renewable groundwater supply; and (3) to describe a sustainable groundwater policy alternative to current use patterns. For this study, original data on groundwater pumping were secured for 2006–2011. The data show a pattern of unsustainable groundwater withdrawals. A policy intervention is described in which pumping permits could be assigned to groundwater users to promote sustainable use. Allowing or encouraging the permits to be transferable through trading to higher-valued uses could reduce the economic costs of protecting the aquifer while promoting its sustainable use.  相似文献   

6.
政策干预对水经济价值的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以北京市为例,结合水经济价值的计算依据,运用敏感度分析方法对区域产业结构调整、水价调整,以及生产企业落实技改等政策后,行业及综合水经济价值的变动情况进行分析。结果显示产业结构的进一步优化和加强企业技改提高用水效益有助于提高综合水经济价值,而水经济价值受联动制约因素的影响,对水价调整的敏感程度不明显。  相似文献   

7.
水质管理中经济手段的应用   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
根据水污染及其外部不经济性的概念和成因,从环境管理学及环境经济学角度全面阐述了目前国内外在水环境管理中采用的排污收费,排污权交易,建立控污银行,产品收税,使用者收费或成本分摊,污染赔偿及罚款,对采用先进技术设备或生产方式的清洁生产者提供优惠价格或低息、无息贷款等经济政策及其效果,讨论了通过经济途径控制水污染以有效改善水质存在的优点及不足。  相似文献   

8.
关于水域水环境质量规划及水污染控制管理问题的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
论述了我国目前河流、湖泊和地下水水环境的现状,分析了造成水环境不断恶化的原因,探讨了水污染防治的水域水环境质量规划及水污染控制管理问题。  相似文献   

9.
This article reviews water policy in China since 1980. Four periods are considered: the 1980s, 1990–1998, 1998–2009 and after 2009. Based on an introduction of the broader context and the main water issues in each period, the key water policies are discussed and analyzed. Since 1980, China's water policies have experienced dramatic changes: trying to improve benefits in the face of criticism for low efficiency in the 1980s; allocating large investments acknowledging the important role of water for the economy of the country during 1990–1998; redefining the water–human relationship during 1998–2008; and providing the strictest water resources management as the definitive solution after 2009. The article presents a full range of policy solutions from infrastructure construction to non-structural instruments and from water resources development to water resources management.  相似文献   

10.
以澄碧河水库管理局为例,分析了水利工程管理单位内部组织结构及其权变因素,根据组织结构权变理论,分析了水利工程管理单位存在的问题,提出了水利工程管理单位组织结构设计与优化方案。  相似文献   

11.
针对长江流域水环境保护与农业面源污染防治中存在的主要问题,从流域可持续发展的角度,对流域水环境保护立法、面源污染防治条例及其配套政策和市场机制进行了探讨,提出制定流域性的水环境保护法规和农业面源污染防治条例建议。  相似文献   

12.
徐州市水资源管理及水污染防治对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘民  祖振阳 《中国水利》2006,(13):56-57,52
根据徐州市目前水资源及水污染状况,分析了水污染治理存在的自然条件脆弱、管理体制不顺、资金缺乏等三个主要原因,提出水资源管理及水污染防治对策主要是强化水资源管理,积极推进水务一体化进程,开发利用中水,实现污水资源化,建设节水防污型社会等。  相似文献   

13.
加强水管理 保障水安全   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据我国水安全的形势和特点,保障水安全不仅要进一步加强水利基础设施建设、夯实水安全的工程基础,还必须特别注重从深化改革、创新机制、完善制度等方面着手,切实强化水管理,为水安全提供有力保障。  相似文献   

14.
加强政策研究促进水利可持续发展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着社会经济的快速发展,工业化、城市化的不断推进,水利正面临着前所未有的困难和问题.对此,必须充分认识加强政策调研工作的重要性和必要性,站在国民经济和社会发展全局的高度,坚持与时俱进,解放思想,加强调研,提出前瞻性、科学性、指导性的对策与建议,促进水利发展,保障经济社会可持续发展.  相似文献   

15.
总结3年来广西水务管理体制改革和水利政策法规研究取得的经验与存在的一些问题。提出了以新《水法》颁布实施为契机,认真贯彻中央新时期的治水方针,积极稳妥地推进水务体制改革,深入开展水利政策法规的研究,努力开创广西水利事业的新局面。  相似文献   

16.
刘昆 《中国水利》2006,(10):18-19,26
近年来中国水务市场改革中政策性资金的角色已经发生了转换.政策性资金的重要性不容置疑,政府主管部门、投资人群体及相关从业人员应大力开发金融工具,加大对政策性资金的研究和使用力度.  相似文献   

17.
介绍了河南孟州市水环境基本情况,分析了该市水环境逐渐恶化现状,包括地表水和地下水污染,农村乡镇企业污染、化肥和农药不合理使用所导致的农村面源污染、养殖业污染以及居民生活污水和废弃物的不当排放等.最后针对水环境污染恶化提出了保护与治理的对策.  相似文献   

18.
参考巢湖的多个治理规划、实施方案及有关文献,收集了巢湖水污染、水环境治理等有关资料,进行综合分析,提出具体治理措施:控源截污,大幅度提高污水处理厂排放标准,积极治理规模畜禽养殖点源;综合治理污染严重的河道,其中微生物净化中小河道可作为治理首选技术之一;分区离岸打捞蓝藻及采用多种措施大量削减蓝藻数量;适宜规模调水,在确保防洪安全、生态安全的前提下,加快实现引江济巢、济淮工程,净化水体、扩大环境容量;大规模修复以芦苇为主的芦苇湿地,使巢湖植被覆盖率由5%恢复至20%;清淤与抬高生态修复区基底相结合。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

This article explores how irrigation management transfer policies were implemented in Mali, Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe. In Mali and Mozambique, where the irrigation bureaucracy controlled one large irrigation system, state agencies retained control over irrigation management despite reduced state funding. In Malawi and Zimbabwe, where the state irrigation systems and the irrigation bureaucracy were smaller, users have taken over irrigation management, but are having trouble sustaining irrigated agriculture. We show how irrigation management transfer policies were shaped by the interplay between international donors, macro-economic dynamics, national politics and the interactions with (and the nature of) irrigation infrastructure, bureaucracies and organized users.  相似文献   

20.
Israel is a semi-arid country,and a significant increase in population combined with sustained economic growth now place enormous pressure on the country's scarce water resources.To date,the Israeli government,however,has been successful in addressing this problem.Rigorous enforcement of policy,institutional and legal measures has been very effective,and in many aspects the country is a worldwide leader in water resources management.This paper therefore reviews Israel's efforts in this area in order to identify lessons that may provide useful insights for developing countries-such as China-whose future economic growth is also threatened by water scarcity.  相似文献   

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