技术创新履职尽责为行业科学发展多做贡献——记第二届中国水泥企业总主程师论坛

继去年5月中国水泥协会"首届中国水泥企业总工程师论坛暨水泥总工程师联合会成立大会"在广州的成功召开,参会代表反映较好,应广大水泥企业的强烈要求,"第二届中国水泥企业总工程师论坛暨水泥总工程师联合会年会"5月7日至9日在南京隆重召开.     

Time to Classify Tumours of the Stomach and the Kidneys According to Cell of Origin

Malignant tumours are traditionally classified according to their organ of origin and whether they are of epithelial (carcinomas) or mesenchymal (sarcomas) origin. By histological appearance the site of origin may often be confirmed. Using same treatment for tumours from the same organ is rational only when there is no principal heterogeneity between the tumours of that organ. Organ tumour heterogeneity is typical for the lungs with small cell and non-small cell tumours, for the kidneys where clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC) is the dominating type among other subgroups, and in the stomach with adenocarcinomas of intestinal and diffuse types. In addition, a separate type of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) is found in most organs. Every cell type able to divide may develop into a tumour, and the different subtypes most often reflect different cell origin. In this article the focus is on the cells of origin in tumours arising in the stomach and kidneys and the close relationship between normal neuroendocrine cells and NETs. Furthermore, that the erythropoietin producing cell may be the cell of origin of CCRCC (a cancer with many similarities to NETs), and that gastric carcinomas of diffuse type may originate from the ECL cell, whereas the endodermal stem cell most probably gives rise to cancers of intestinal type.     

如何利用制度和标准做好物资的验收工作

随着我国经济水平的不断提高,石油行业也不断深入发展。油田是我国基础性能源基地,在石油的生产过程中会需要大量的物质供给,因此,如何能够做好物资管理以及验收工作对石油的生产经营具有重要意义。因此对如何利用制度和标准来指导物资验收工作,进行进一步探讨,希望提供一些借鉴。     

利用生物修复技术防治鄱阳湖水体富营养化初探

描述了中国湖泊富营养化污染现状．分析了形成湖泊富营养化的主要污染物源，探讨了鄱阳湖寓营养化的发展趋势，提出了生物修复防治鄱阳湖水体富营养化的技术途径．     

压滤机风压净水系统改造试验情况分析

通过对改造前压滤机脱水环节进行分析及压滤机风压净水改造前后结果对比，阐述了压滤机风压净水改造有如下优点：①压滤机事故减少；②缩短了循环时间，提高了工作效率；③煤泥处理量加大，成本降低，效益显著；④改善了工作环境，污染基本消除；⑤降低了职工劳动强度。     

腐植酸的增氮解磷促钾作用

腐植酸对化学肥料有明显的调控和增效作用,主要表现为对氮、钾缓释,对磷活化,从而提高了化肥的利用率。作者从理论上阐述了腐植酸增氮解磷促钾的调控机理,也通过一些实例证明了化学肥料与腐植酸结合后显著的增产效果,论证了在化学肥料中添加腐植酸对减少化肥用量、提高作物品质和保护环境方面的积极意义。     

Contribution to the Qualification of Technical Microwave Systems and to the Validation of Microwave‐Assisted Reactions and Processes

New insights into the energy efficiency of reactions in a microwave field and the development of a concept to transfer thermally heated reactions to microwave‐assisted reactions are reported utilizing commercial modular microwave systems. Particularly, questions on the qualification of technical microwave systems and their measurement and monitoring technology as well as on the validation of chemical reactions and processes are discussed. For that purpose, some technical microwave systems of different manufacturers were tested. The applicability for the implementation of chemical reactions and processes was determined. Conversions and yields of some reactions were compared by the dependence of irradiation modus, temperature and temperature measurement method.     

Strategies to measure and optimize the migration of the interfacial modifier to the interface in immiscible polymer blends

A family of emulsification curves has been systematically prepared in order to determine the extent of interfacial modifier migration to the high density polyethylene (HDPE)/polystyrene (PS) interface. Through an examination of the evolution of the equilibrium dispersed phase size after interfacial saturation, as well as a comparison of the apparent interfacial area occupied per modifier molecule (A_app) at the different dispersed phase concentrations, it is possible to detect the onset of micelle formation and to estimate the extent of interfacial coverage. This approach has been applied to HDPE/PS blends, using a variety of triblock and diblock copolymer interfacial modifiers for that system. It is shown quantitatively that it is the affinity of the block copolymer for the matrix material that dominates migration efficacy to the interface. Asymmetrical block copolymers (30PS/70EB) show a strong tendency to form micelles when HDPE is the matrix. This effect is virtually eliminated when PS is the matrix material or when symmetrical block copolymers (50PS/50EB) are used. In these latter cases all the interfacial modifier finds its way to the interface.     

新国标下的氯乙烯尾气净化难点及解决方法

介绍了我国烧碱、聚氯乙烯行业大气污染物排放标准的变化,剖析了执行新国家标准(GB 15581—2016)后氯乙烯尾气净化的难点及解决方法,并列举了氯乙烯尾气净化装置改造实例。新建或改造的氯乙烯尾气净化装置,既要选择合适的工艺技术方案,又要严格遵守各项分析标准的规定,才能达到新国家标准对排放气的要求。     

如何体现和实施节能优先战略

文章深入论述了正确理解和有效实施节能优先战略的意义及其实施方法。     

丙烯腈生产中如何对精馏塔进行模拟优化

本文重点介绍了丙烯腈生产中精馏塔的数学模型的建立和求解过程，从而完成精馏塔的动态模拟优化过程。     

整合资源 促进行业发展 技术创新 加快产业升级

分析了2004年钛白粉行业现状,并从行业所面临的宏观背景、产品质量、品种结构、生产工艺、矿源、环保等方面提出应对策略.     

注水井降压增注工艺的研究与应用

针对濮城油田低渗油藏注水井实际问题：长期注水开发的注水井注水层受到垢物的堵塞,严重伤害注水层,造成注水量下降或注水压力上升。在室内研究基础上,实施了低渗透油藏注水井降压增注工艺。通过现场11口井的实施应用,达到了注水井降压、增注目的,较好的解决了低渗透油藏不易注水的问题,具有较好的推广和应用前景。     

满足生态和经济要求的现代轮胎挤出装置

为了满足环保要求，降低生产成本，机械工程师研制出了一种生产HV和VR轿车轮胎部件的四疗件机头小型QSM挤出机。挤出机的供料装置配备了自动伸缩向前的送料带；裁断机上装备了金属检测器，四个预先制备好的固定口型件通过升降机可自动放入预定位置；还有辅助的成套卷取装置，这些设施都采取自动化或半自动化控制，减少了人为因素造成废品的概率，提高了产品质量，提高了生产率。     

用智慧适应变化，应对挑战，把握机会

本文根据2009年8月16日作者在青海省西宁市召开的中国洗协肥皂专业委员会、合成洗涤剂专业委员会两会2009年年会上的讲话整理。     

影响石膏模具质量的因素及其改进措施

本文简要介绍了制模石膏粉的分类及性能，从石膏粉和制作工艺两个方面讨论了影响石膏模具质量的因素，并提出了相应改进措施。     

The adhesion of natural rubber to steel and the use of the peel test to study its nature

The peel test has been used to study the adhesion achieved between a simple natural rubber compound and mild steel by injection moulding in the presence of a commercial bonding system. Peel energies were calculated from the peel force results by allowing for the elastic energy stored in the detached rubber strip. The peel energy was found to be insensitive to the changes of peel rate evaluated in this work. Peel energy increased by a factor of about five as the peel angle increased from 30° to 90°. The locus of failure was cohesive within the rubber, but moved more deeply within the rubber and produced a severely torn fracture surface.     

聚能切割与套管聚能开窗技术的研究和应用

应用炸药的聚能效应和面对称装填切割原理,研究了串联切割器对油井套管的作用。本方法可作为地下盐层开采中套管的开窗及油气井侧钻开窗的一项新的技术途径。     

杂草对苯磺隆的抗药性及残留药害对后茬作物的安全性

对1989-2006年的20篇75%苯磺隆DF田间药效试验报告进行分析,在麦田草相和施药条件基本相同、连续应用苯磺隆10年后,同剂量处理防效下降,呈现出杂草对苯磺隆抗药性逐年增强的趋势.苯磺隆残留药害试验结果表明:75%苯磺隆DF秋季施药8.44～22.50 g a.I./hm2处理对后茬花生、大豆、棉花安全,春季施药8.44～11.25 g a.I./hm2处理对后茬花生、大豆、棉花安全,22.50～45.00 g a.I./hm2剂量对后茬花生有较重的药害减产现象,45.00 g a.I./hmM2处理对后茬大豆、棉花有较明显残留药害.     

人类对火的认识及火对化学的发展影响

分六个阶段论述人类对火的认识以及火对化学发展的影响,指出了化学的发展历史就是人类不断地认识和利用火的历史,也是人类与火灾进行斗争的历史,论述了各阶段人类怕火、使用天然火、人工取火取得使用火的自由、使用火完成简单的化学反应和原始化工工艺、以及从理论上对火的本质认识的改变过程,分析现阶段火的作用仍然不可替代,展望火在未来的发展前景。