银系抗菌纤维的研究现状

银系抗菌纤维因其广谱、高效的抗菌性能,被广泛应用于家纺、服饰以及医疗卫生等领域。阐述了银的抗菌机制、银系抗菌纤维的制备方法、抗菌性能的测试方法以及银离子的释放性能,指出了目前银系抗菌纤维存在的一些问题。     

载银活性炭的制备及其抗菌性能研究进展

综述了载银活性炭的抗菌机理、制备方法及抗菌性能影响因素。制备纳米银的生物法主要是利用植物浸取液制备,这是一种新兴绿色环保方法。银的抗菌作用机理较为复杂,抗菌性能受银离子价态、银颗粒尺寸、银离子浓度等因素影响,不同形态的纳米银其抗菌性能也不相同,纳米级氧化高银抗菌性能表现最好。而新型材料载银活性炭纤维抗菌性能更加优异,耐洗性能好,洗后其抗菌性能未明显减弱。     

载银海藻酸盐/PET纤维的制备及性能研究

将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维经过减量率约8%的碱减量处理后,再经蔗糖脂肪酸酯处理,利用溶胶凝胶法制备海藻酸钙/PET纤维,再与银离子进行离子交换制得载银海藻酸盐/PET纤维,研究了海藻酸钙/PET纤维在硝酸银溶液中的浸渍条件,以及处理前后PET纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:合适的硝酸银溶液浓度为0.005 mmol/L;经海藻酸盐涂覆后的PET纤维表面变得粗糙,其表面引入了大量的羟基基团,处理后的PET纤维的热性能和力学性能没有明显变化;但载银海藻酸盐/PET纤维的亲水性、抗静电性能及抗菌性能较PET纤维具有明显的提升,载银海藻酸盐/PET纤维与水的接触角为54.2°,半衰期为20 s,抗大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径为2 mm;而PET纤维与水的接触角为122.5°,半衰期为150 s,对大肠杆菌没有抑菌作用。     

银系抗菌剂抗菌长效性的研究

研究了玻璃载体银系抗菌剂IONPURE、磷酸锆载体银系抗菌剂NOVRAN和CONVAL等3种银系抗菌剂在水中的银离子释放过程,发现IONPURE在水中的银离子释放速度最快。进一步研究了低密度聚乙烯中添加3种银系抗菌剂后的抗菌性能,结果表明,与NOVRAN和CONVAL相比,IONPURE的杀菌速度更快,然而在有水存在的情况下,IONPURE的抗菌性能下降得更快,即抗菌长效性较差。     

聚酰胺纤维

992079第一种永久抗菌去臭的纤维Kawata T.;Chem.Fibers Intern.,1998,48,(1),p .38一44(英)1986年,钟纺公司推出第一种抗菌的尼龙纤维,称为Livefresh一N,这是将抗菌添加剂银一沸泡石在纤维成形时与尼龙共混纺制制成的。与抗菌后整理方法相比,其优点是:耐水洗性能大大提高,同时又提高了耐热及阻燃性能。为克服Livefresh一N纤维而断头和纤维发黄的缺点,1996年,钟纺公司又推出Livefresh一N·NEO的抗菌产品。此新产品含有Ishizuka Glase公司的Ionpvre一WPA,这是含有银离子的磷酸盐,是可以缓慢释放银离子的抗菌剂。IonPure已通过毒性、…     

二甲胺对银催化剂性能的影响研究

脂肪族有机胺和脂肪族有机醇对活性组分银在载体表面的分散度有影响,在浸渍液中加入新的有机物会对银催化剂的性能产生影响。本论文在浸渍液中加入二甲胺制成银催化剂,扫描电镜SEM表征结果表明,二甲胺影响银催化剂的银粒表观形貌,使得活性位增加,从而改进银催化剂性能。与没有加入二甲胺的银催化剂相比,加入了二甲胺的银催化剂的活性和稳定性都好于对比样。     

载银TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备及性能（英文）

为了增加生物医用钛及其合金的生物活性和其他特殊功能,对钛合金表面进行改性和功能化。采用阳极氧化法在钛合金表面制备出TiO2纳米管阵列,再用真空浸渍法制备载银TiO2纳米管阵列;研究了载银TiO2纳米管阵列的抗菌作用。结果表明:阳极氧化法使钛合金表面形成高度整齐的TiO2纳米管阵列,其管径为150~200nm,管长为400~500nm,管壁厚为20nm,且纳米银颗粒沉积在纳米管的管口及管壁上,其粒径约为10~20nm。在磷酸盐缓冲液中,银离子释放时间至少能够持续13d。该载银TiO2纳米管阵列对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有一定的抑制作用。     

热处理对载银抗菌二氧化硅多孔材料结构和性能的影响

用有机-无机杂化工艺制备载银抗菌二氧化硅多孔块体材料。考察热处理制度对抗菌块体的制备及结构、银价态、银离子释放速度、抗菌性能的影响。600℃热处理的抗菌块体紫外-可见吸收光谱表明：SiO2载体中富含银离子,并且此抗菌块体在水中能保持较长期(14d)的稳定溶出。抗菌实验显示此材料对大肠杆菌有良好的抑菌、杀菌作用。     

载银凹凸棒土/PMMA纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

主要研究载银凹凸棒土对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)力学性能和抗菌性能的影响。采用原位本体聚合的方法制备了载银凹凸棒土/PMMA纳米复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和抗菌性能进行测试表征。结果表明,随着银离子含量的增加,复合材料的抗菌性能显著提升;当载银凹凸棒土填充量为3%时,复合材料的冲击强度最大,达到8.49 kJ/m2,相对磨损量最低为0.52%;载银凹凸棒土填充量为2%时,复合材料弯曲强度最大,达到87.37 MPa。     

化学镀银导电聚氨酯纤维的制备

用表面化学镀银的方法制备导电性能优异的导电聚氨酯纤维。探讨了纤维导电性能与镀液条件的关系,发现硝酸银浓度、还原剂浓度、碱用量、镀液温度、反应时间等因素对纤维导电性能都有影响。纤维的电导率随着镀银层质量的增加而增大。镀银后的聚氨酯纤维的电导率可以达到102 S／cm。     

Silver Nanoparticles in Blends of Polyethylene and a Superabsorbent Polymer: Morphology and Silver Ion Release

Antimicrobial properties of polymer materials are required in many applications. The polyethylene/superabsorbent polymer (PE/SAP) blends containing silver nanoparticles were successfully prepared via thermal reduction during melt mixing. It was found that in situ formed silver nanoparticles are preferentially located at the interface between PE matrix and SAP particles. The expectation was that the low water uptake of the PE will be enhanced by blending with a SAP and thus the silver ion release from the material will increase. Surprisingly, the silver ion release was markedly suppressed by the addition of SAP. This finding is explained by the preferential sorption of silver ions by the SAP particles.

     

Preparation and characterization of silver containing chitosan fibers

Silver containing chitosan fibers were prepared by blending fine particles of a silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate compound into the spinning solution. It was possible to distribute the silver containing particles in the chitosan fiber because of the high viscosity of the spinning solution and the small diameter of the particles. Because the silver ions are imbedded inside the sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate complex, the chitosan fibers remain white in color without being oxidized by the silver ions. The release of silver ions from the silver containing chitosan fibers were studied by placing the fibers in contact with distilled water, solution A, and aqueous protein solutions. Results showed that the release of silver ions was low in water, while in solution A and protein solutions, the silver ions are activated through ion exchange and chelation. The silver ions can significantly enhance the antimicrobial properties of the chitosan fibers. Experimental results showed that when placed in contact with the silver containing chitosan fibers, the reduction in bacteria count can be more than 98%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3622–3627, 2007     

Characterization of Silver Particles in Silver-Containing Activated Carbon Fibers Prepared from Liquefied Wood

Silver particles in silver-containing activated carbon fibers prepared from liquefied wood were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Silver irons (Ag⁺) and metallic silver (Ag⁰) were detected in fibers, and the amount of Ag⁰ was much higher than that of Ag⁺. Ag⁰ were migrated and aggregated together to form silver particles with a wide size (0–5μm), which were distributed in micropores, mesopores, and surface of fibers. The mean size of silver particles on the surface was directly related to soaking concentration, while the larger silver particles were easier to peel off from the surface. Also, the increasing micropores and mesopores were blocked by silver particles at higher concentration, and some blocked mesopores were converted into micropores. When the washing treatment was carried out, the silver particles on the surface were removed significantly, resulting in an increase in mesopore quantity. However, most of the silver particles in micropores were firmly supported. The silver-containing activated carbon fibers showed the high and lasting antibacterial activity.     

甲壳胺纤维和含银甲壳胺纤维的抗菌性能比较

从定性、定量的角度探讨了甲壳胺纤维和含银甲壳胺纤维对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌三种常见的、具有代表性的细菌的抑制作用,并把这两种纤维和粘胶纤维的抗菌性能作了比较。实验结果表明:含银甲壳胺纤维比普通的甲壳胺纤维具有更好的抗菌性能。     

聚乳酸/纳米载银磷酸锆熔纺纤维制备及性能

利用双螺杆挤出机将聚乳酸(PLA)切片和纳米载银磷酸锆颗粒共混制备纳米载银磷酸锆质量分数为20%的PLA母粒。将母粒和纯PLA切片按照不同比例共混熔纺制备PLA/纳米载银磷酸锆共混纤维。研究了共混纤维的制备方法,运用扫描电子显微镜观察了纤维束外部形貌,测试了纤维的力学及抗菌性能。结果表明,纳米载银磷酸锆在纤维中有少量凝聚,总体分散均匀;随着纳米载银磷酸含量提升,纤维断裂强度先增大后降低,同时纤维的抗菌性不断增加。当载银磷酸锆含量达到1.5%时,纤维的断裂强度最大为0.85 c N/dtex,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率达99.9%。     

聚乙二醇在银粉制备中的应用

以乙醇为溶剂,PVP为保护剂,研究非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇在银粉制备过程中的分散作用,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射等对还原产物进行形貌观察和结构表征。结果表明:PEG对制备样品的纯度、分散性和颗粒大小有着重要的影响。在一定聚合度范围内,聚乙二醇相对分子质量大,分散效果好。采用PEG-400分散剂可制备出高分散、窄粒级的超细银粉。随着聚合度的增大,聚乙二醇在乙醇中溶解度下降,降低了其分散性能。     

从含银实验废液中回收银并制备硝酸银

采用高温还原法回收实验废液中的银(回收率达98%以上,回收银纯度达99.90%),然后溶于硝酸,制备实验用试剂—硝酸银。硝酸银的回收率为97.5%。     

高浓度∑Fe对硝酸银滴定法测定Cl-干扰的消除

采用硝酸银滴定法测定含高浓度铁离子溶液中的Cl-时,需要调整pH到6.5~10.5,产生氢氧化铁与氢氧化亚铁沉淀,影响滴定终点的判定,导致分析结果不准确。本研究在含不同高铁浓度模拟溶液中加入氢氧化铝胶体洗涤出铁离子,再用硝酸银滴定法分析Cl-浓度,结果显示在Cl-浓度20 mg/L时,相对偏差小于5%,浓度为200 mg/L时,相对偏差最大为1.03%,并把该方法应用在分析花岗岩铀矿浸出液中的Cl-浓度,与采用选择氯离子电极法分析结果对比,结果表明了这两种方法的分析结果相差不大。因此该方法消除高铁对硝酸银滴定法分析氯离子是可行的。     

Silver nanoparticle deposition on hydrophilic multilayer film surface and its effect on antimicrobial activity

Silver nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of the external polyamide 6 (PA6) layer of a multilayer film, by spraying and ultrasound‐assisted methods. The effect of silver nanoparticles content and deposition method on the mechanical and optical properties of the multilayered films as well as the efficiency of silver ion release and their fungicidal characteristics were evaluated. Itaconic (IA) and Maleic anhydride (MA) were used as adhesion promoter agents for preventing the agglomeration of the silver nanoparticles and for improving the adhesion to the PA6 polymer surface. With IA, a homogeneous distribution of silver nanoparticles on the PA6 surface was achieved. The silver ion release and biocide effect of the multilayered films was found to be dependent on the anhydride type and on the deposition method used. The multilayer films with a layer of PA6‐silver nanocomposite demonstrated good fungicidal activity, specifically against fungus Aspergillius niger. The observed results could be applied in the design of industrial films for packaging. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012