磺胺嘧啶荷移反应及荧光光谱性质研究

用荧光法研究了乙酰丙酮-甲醛与磺胺嘧啶(SD)的荷移反应的条件,并探讨了发光机理。实验表明,磺胺嘧啶荷移配合物的激发和发射波长为λex/λem=410/465nm,磺胺嘧啶在6·4×10-8~1·9×10-6mol/L范围内的荧光强度与浓度有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为:F=7·18c 273·31,r=0·9977,检出限为2·56×10-8mol/L。方法用于磺胺嘧啶钠注射液中含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

中空微球氧化铁修饰电极的制备及对汞离子的测定

以水热合成法制备了中空微球Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,运用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其进行表征。将该纳米材料修饰到玻碳电极表面,修饰电极对汞离子表现出良好的电化学响应,成功制备了用于检测Hg~(2+)的电化学传感器。通过优化实验条件,汞离子的氧化峰电流与其浓度呈现良好的线性关系,其线性范围为1.0×10~(-7)~8.8×10~(-5)mol/L,相关系数为0.994,检出限为3.0×10~(-5)mol/L。实验表明,制备的传感器用于对Hg~(2+)检测的结果令人满意,而且其稳定性和重现性好,有望实现对污水中低浓度Hg~(2+)的检测。     

水溶性C_(60)-2-氨基乙磺酸衍生物的合成及其清除羟基自由基(·OH)的活性

C60与过量2-氨基乙磺酸在甲苯及乙醇/水两相体系中反应,产物经稀盐酸酸化得标题化合物(加成度4),产率为28%(按加入的C_(60)计算).C_(60)-2-氨基乙磺酸的结构为~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、IR、FAB-MS和元素分析所证实.用化学发光法检测了C_(60)-2-氨基乙磺酸对Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基·OH的清除效果,C_(60)-2-氨基乙磺酸能有效地清除·OH,其半抑制浓度为0.61×10~(-4) mol/L,在浓度为2.96×10~(-4) mol/L时,清除效率可达88.85%.     

铁猝灭荧光分析法测定环丙沙星的研究与应用

在pH=4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,Fe3+能与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和环丙沙星作用,使其荧光值显著减小,据此建立了Fe3+-SDS-环丙沙星体系荧光猝灭法测定微量环丙沙星的新方法。该体系的最大激发、发射波长分别为λex=275 nm,λem=441 nm。环丙沙星在4.0×10-7~3.6×10-6mol/L的浓度范围内与荧光值呈良好的线性关系,R=0.995 8,相对标准偏差为0.76%(c=3.0×10-6mol/L)。     

氨基黑10B-十六烷基溴化吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

在pH 8.10的NH4Cl-NH3.H2O缓冲介质中,将十六烷基溴化吡啶(CPB)与氨基黑10B(AB)溶液混合,在该溶液中加入阴离子表面活性剂(a-SAA),溶液颜色加深,最大吸收波长在614 nm、618 nm处,在此波长处,a-SAA的浓度与溶液的增色程度呈良好线性关系,从而建立阴离子表面活性剂的光度测定法。在最大吸收波长处,3种阴离子表面活性剂——十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)及十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度分别在0~2.15×10-5mol/L、0~2.10×10-5mol/L、0~2.10×10-5mol/L内遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.42×104L/(mol.cm)、1.24×104L/(mol.cm)、1.20×104L/(mol.cm),检出限分别为9.81×10-7mol/L、1.02×10-6mol/L、1.03×10-6mol/L。     

氨苄青霉素钠分子印迹传感器的研制与应用

以氨苄青霉素钠为模板分子,邻苯二胺为功能单体,利用电聚合法在金电极表面形成聚邻苯二胺膜,经0.5 mol/L NaOH-乙醇混合溶液(V_(NaOH)∶V_(乙醇)=4∶1)将模板分子洗脱,制得氨苄青霉素钠分子印迹传感器。以K_3Fe(CN)_6为探针,建立了氨苄青霉素钠的间接测定方法,并利用循环伏安法和方波伏安法对传感器的电化学性能进行评价。该传感器的方波伏安峰电流变化值与氨苄青霉素钠浓度在1.0×10~(-6)~9.0×10~(-6)mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.4×10~(-7)mol/L。     

CdTe-Al荧光探针痕量检测水体中环丙沙星含量

基于Al~(3+)能显著增敏环丙沙星荧光强度的特性,建立了CdTe-Al荧光探针高灵敏检测水体中环丙沙星含量的新方法。在最优实验条件下,环丙沙星在2.0×10~(-9)～1.0×10~(-8)mol·L~(-1)浓度范围内与体系的荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为:IF=107.55C-158.5,相关系数R~2为0.9993,方法检出限为4.0×10-10mol·L~(-1),样品各加入2.00μg·L~(-1)标准物后回收率为97.5%～106.0%,结果良好。方法具有灵敏度高、检出限低、操作方便等优点,适用于水体中微量环丙沙星的快速检测分析。     

光谱探针在测定食品中痕量铅的应用

建立了一种以芹菜素为光谱探针测定食品中铅的方法。在pH 8.10、9.0×10~(-3)mol/L三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷-HCl缓冲溶液、2.99×10~(-5)mol/L芹菜素溶液中,Pb~(2+)浓度在2.4×10~(-7)~4.8×10~(-6)mol/L范围内与吸光度降低值呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为ΔA=1.8×10~(-2)c+9.76×10~(-3)(c/×10~(-6)mol/L)(R~2=0.994),检出限达2.3×10~(-7)mol/L,并将该法成功应用于黑乌龙茶中铅的测定。经研究发现,铅与芹菜素形成配合比为1∶2的配合物。     

多壁碳纳米管沉积膜电极的制备与多巴胺检测

采通过剪裁和羧基化成功制备了水溶性多壁碳纳米管并采用恒电位沉积法将其修饰到电极表面。用扫描电镜,拉曼光谱,电化学方法对修饰电极进行了表征。这种方法制备的电极具有很好的机械强度,性能稳定,对多巴胺反应非常灵敏。在5×10~(-8)~2×10~(-6) mol·L~(-1)的范围内氧化电流与多巴胺的浓度成正比,2min富集后的检测限可达3×10~(-9) mol·L~(-1)。     

碳纳米管/氧化亚铜修饰电极检测间苯三酚

采用恒电位法在玻碳电极表面沉积线度100~200 nm、具有八面体结构的氧化亚铜,再将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰到其表面,制备MWCNTs/Cu2O/GC修饰电极。在pH=5.8的Na Ac-HAc缓冲液体系中,该电极对间苯三酚表现出良好的电催化活性。优化了实验条件,建立了间苯三酚的高灵敏检测方法。在2.5×10-9~6.5×10-6mol/L浓度范围内,其氧化电流与浓度呈线性关系。检测限为8.3×10-10mol·L-1。对模拟水样进行测定,回收率97.0%~103.5%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。