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BACKGROUND: Lignocellulosic biomass offers many potential advantages in comparison with the traditionally used sugars or starchy biomass since it is very widely available and does not compete with food and feed production. The abundance and high carbohydrates content of barley straw make it a good candidate for bioethanol production in Europe. Since biomass must be pretreated before enzymatic hydrolysis to improve the digestibility of both the cellulose and the hemicellulose biomass, the use of ionic liquids (IL) has been proposed as an environment‐friendly pretreatment of biomass. RESULTS: Different pretreatment conditions were investigated to determine the effects of the experimental conditions (temperature and time) on the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated material. The pretreatment of barley straw with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium acetate treatment resulted in up to a 9‐fold increase in the cellulose conversion and a 13‐fold increase in the xylan conversion when compared with the untreated barley straw. CONCLUSION: Ionic liquid pretreatment of barley straw at 110°C for 30 min, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, leads to a sugar yield of 53.5 g per 100 g raw material. It is then ready available for conversion into ethanol and is equivalent to more than 86% from potential sugars. The increase in saccharification was possible due to rupture of the lignin–hemicellulose linkages by treatment with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium acetate. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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纤维素酶是木质纤维生物炼制过程中的关键要素, 木质纤维的高效酶解为其生物炼制提供了巨大的机会。如何提高纤维素酶的效价、降低酶解成本, 从而实现高效的木质纤维生物炼制是当前关注热点之一。本文综述了纤维素酶的种类及其作用机理, 重点分析了纤维素酶的微生物来源, 生产纤维素酶的发酵方式及诱导剂, 产纤维素酶菌株的筛选与改造, 并对利用纤维素酶的复配提升纤维素酶活力和利用纤维素酶的在线生产降低纤维素酶生产成本进行阐述,并提出了更好地实现纤维素酶生产成本控制的策略。  相似文献   

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The kinetics of acid‐catalyzed hemicellulose removal and also alkaline delignification of oat hull biomass were investigated. All three operational parameters namely, catalyst concentration (0.10–0.55 N H2SO4), temperature (110–130°C), and residence time (up to 150 min) affected the efficiency of hemicellulose removal, with 100% of hemicellulose removed by appropriate selection of process parameters. Analysis of delignification kinetics (in the temperature range of 30–100°C) indicated that it can be expressed very well by a two‐phase model for the crude biomass and also for the hemicellulose‐prehydrolyzed material. The application of acid‐catalyzed prehydrolysis improved the capacity of lignin dissolution especially at lower temperatures (30 and 65°C) and accelerated the dissolution of lignin. This acceleration of delignification by prehydrolysis was possible at all levels of temperature in the bulk phase; however, results were more significant at the lower temperatures in the terminal phase. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1783–1791, 2015  相似文献   

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木质纤维原料组分分离的研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
从木质纤维原料预处理对微生物转化的必要性和回收利用半纤维素、木质素意义两个方面分析了木质纤维原料组分分离的必要性。木质纤维原料组分分离意味着木质纤维原料的精制,不是把木质纤维原料仅作为纤维素单一资源看待,而是把它视为一种多组分物料,将木质纤维原料精制成为具有一定纯度的各种组分,并分别加工成有价值的产品,这也是生物量全利用对于木质纤维原料预处理提出的新要求,赋予新的哲理思想。根据生物量全利用的要求,提出了木质纤维原料组分分离技术的新定性评价标准。根据利用汽爆和乙醇萃取法联合对麦草组分分离的研究结果,可提出一条经济可行的麦草组分分离的工艺过程,半纤维素和木质素回收率分别达到了80%和75%,纤维素酶解率达90%以上。  相似文献   

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膜分离技术是一种高效、环保、易放大的新技术,在水处理工业中占有重要地位。近十年来膜技术也开始被应用到木质纤维原料生物炼制领域,受到越来越多的关注。该综述简要介绍了超滤、纳滤、反渗透、膜蒸馏、渗透气化、电渗析和电超滤等分离技术的基本原理及特点,重点介绍了超滤、纳滤和反渗透在木质纤维原料生物炼制(预处理水解液、酶解液和发酵液)中的应用研究,主要是抑制剂的分离和高附加值成分的浓缩等,并提出了今后膜分离技术的研究方向。  相似文献   

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木质纤维素新型预处理与顽抗特性   总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1  
木质纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生生物质资源,其中纤维类多糖的酶催化降解是木质纤维素生物精炼的关键环节之一。对木质纤维素进行预处理,破坏底物的顽抗特性,是实现木质纤维素高效酶解糖化的必要途径。为此,各国学者围绕预处理技术开发以及底物顽抗特性开展了大量研究,本文对近几年来在这两方面取得的最新成果进行了综述和分析。在预处理方面,重点介绍了组合预处理、低温预处理、绿色溶剂与电化学预处理4类新型预处理技术,并对预处理效果与技术优势进行了评价;在底物顽抗特性方面,综述了木质素、结晶度、酶可及度等不同顽抗特性对纤维素酶解的影响规律,重点总结了近年来顽抗特性研究方面的新方法、新认识与新理解。上述研究成果有助于了解当前木质纤维素预处理研究的导向以及明确制约纤维素酶解的关键因素,为设计和筛选适宜的预处理方式、深刻理解纤维素酶解机制提供基础和指导。  相似文献   

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BACKGROUND: The high crystallinity of cellulose underlies the recalcitrance that this polymer presents in enzymatic degradation. Thus, a pre‐treatment step is applied in most bioconversion processes. Treatments with ionic liquids are considered an emerging pre‐treatment technology, owing to their high efficiency in solvating cellulose, over molecular solvent systems. RESULTS: Crystalline cellulose with and without ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate) treatment, both commercially available, were used as substrates in enzymatic hydrolysis reactions using the earlier evaluated cellulolytic system of Fusarium oxysporum. The in situ removal of the hydrolysate during reactions enhanced the reaction rate as well as the overall glucose production. Ionic liquid treatment significantly decreased cellulose crystallinity and enhanced bioconversion yields and rates. The effects of cellulose structural changes during treatment on hydrolysis rate were investigated and the recalcitrance constants were determined. CONCLUSION: The study showed that ionic liquid‐treated cellulose became more homogeneous and more easily degradable than the untreated cellulose, a conclusion that was expressed mathematically by the difference in the recalcitrance constants for the two substrates. It was concluded that glucose production from ionic liquid‐treated cellulose could achieve very high conversion yields in consolidated bioprocesses or during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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木糖作为木质纤维素生物质中半纤维素部分最丰富的戊糖,其衍生物具有巨大的应用市场。在国家“双碳”目标下,绿色高效的木糖炼制工艺不仅符合国家节能减排、绿色循环发展的要求,也能有效降低木糖制备成本并促进木糖的高值化利用。本文对木糖的生物炼制工艺进行了综述,并分析了不同工艺发展现状及存在的问题。同时综述了近年来木糖水解分离技术的进展以及木糖在生物基化学品和生物基材料的高值化应用,最后提出了促进木糖生物炼制发展的建议并对木糖高值化应用进行了展望。  相似文献   

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The alkali pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse was optimised and compared with an optimised steam (acid) pretreatment. The optimised alkali pretreatment gave an overall sugar yield of 37.4 g sugars per 100 g bagasse accounting for 43.8% of the initial xylan and 64.5% of the glucan. Potential effluent problems were identified with the alkali treatment and several strategies were suggested to minimise them, with liquor recycling showing some promise. The optimised steam (acid) pretreatment gave an overall sugar yield of 55.7 g sugars per 100 g bagasse accounting for 76.5% of the xylan and 89.5% of the glucan. The superiority of the steam (acid) pretreatment over the alkali pretreatment depends on the ability to utilise the xylose produced.  相似文献   

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Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant, renewable source of polysaccharides that could be available in amounts sufficient to provide a source of sugars for carbon neutral biofuel production. We review the background to biofuels production in the US from corn sugars and subsequent R and D efforts to saccharify plant biomass to provide an alternative sugar source. Research efforts and programs have generally not addressed the key technical hurdles in providing a commodity‐scale supply of biomass and in developing biological routes to saccharify it at high yields. Techno‐economic analyses of proposed processes highlight the importance of biomass cost, the role of pretreatment on both inhibitor generation, and the contribution of enzyme costs to saccharification. Alternatives, such as the production of fatty acids by microalgae, have comparable technical hurdles. Although there is a regulatory framework for biofuels, which is discussed, a credible biological process for large‐scale, cost‐effective production of lignocellulosic biofuels remains elusive. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2689–2701, 2015  相似文献   

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木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇水解工艺技术进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以木质纤维素生产燃料酒精因为具有原料可再生性和环境友好的优点而备受重视。本文介绍了木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇中的水解工艺过程,包括浓酸水解、稀酸水解和生物酶水解,讨论了各个工艺的关键技术问题。  相似文献   

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NaOH预处理对植物纤维素酶解特性的影响   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
对NaOH预处理对植物纤维素酶解特性的影响进行了研究,利用红外光谱(IR)对处理前后物料组成变化进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,NaOH预处理对纤维素物料化学组成比例有很大影响;NaOH预处理后,物料中纤维素明显得到润胀,纤维素结晶指数降低,纤维素结晶区受到破坏,再经纤维素酶处理后,结晶指数有所增强;NaOH预处理是一种有效的植物纤维素原料预处理方法,经NaOH预处理后的物料更易于酶解。  相似文献   

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生物质能源是惟一可再生、可替代化石资源转化成气态、液体和固态燃料以及其他化工原料或者产品的碳资源。随着化石资源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,生物质能源替代化石资源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外众多学者研究和关注的热点。本系列讲座主要讲述以生物质资源为主要原料,通过不同途径转化为洁净的、高品位的气体、液体或固体燃料。本讲主要综述了木质纤维素的生物转化过程的关键技术,包括原料预处理、纤维素酶解、微生物发酵和产品的分离提纯,指出生物转化技术的发展趋势是非粮生物质的生物转化和利用,关键酶的改进和微生物代谢的调控以及生产过程的集成和产品的综合利用,并说明积极开展生物质产品的能效评价将有助于提高生物质能转换的经济效益。  相似文献   

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BACKGROUND: The catalytic processes for valorizing the bio‐oil obtained from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis face the problem that a great amount of carbonaceous material is deposited on the catalyst due to the polymerization of phenol‐derived compounds in the crude bio‐oil. This carbonaceous material blocks the catalytic bed and contributes to rapid catalyst deactivation. This paper studies an on‐line two‐step process, in which the first one separates the polymerizable material and produces a reproducible material whose valorization is of commercial interest. RESULTS: The establishment of a step for pyrolytic lignin deposition at 400 °C avoids the blockage of the on‐line catalytic bed and attenuates the deactivation of a HZSM‐5 zeolite based catalyst used for hydrocarbon production. The origin of catalyst deactivation is coke deposition, which has two fractions (thermal and catalytic), whose content is attenuated by prior pyrolytic lignin separation and by co‐feeding methanol. The morphology and properties of the material deposited in the first step (pyrolytic lignin) are similar to lignins obtained as a by‐product in wood pulp manufacturing. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed reaction strategy, with two steps (thermal and catalytic) in series, valorizes the crude bio‐oil by solving the problems caused by the polymerization of phenolic compounds, which are obtained in the pyrolysis of the lignin contained in lignocellulosic biomass. Given that a by‐product (pyrolytic lignin) is obtained with similar properties to the lignin from wood pulping manufacturing, the perspectives for the viability of lignocellulosic biomass valorization are promising, which is essential for furthering its implementation in biorefinery processes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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木质纤维素甲酸预处理及其组分分离   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以玉米芯为研究对象,提出了常压中温条件下甲酸预处理木质纤维素组分分离的工艺. 在该体系中半纤维素迅速发生水解,大部分木质素被溶解,而纤维素基本不发生水解,经固液分离和甲酸回收实现了玉米芯全组分分离. 考察了预处理温度、时间和甲酸浓度对玉米芯各组分分离效果及水解产物(可溶性糖)含量的影响规律,结果表明,随着反应的进行,甲酸溶液中可溶性糖和木质素量先迅速增大,随后趋于平衡;在50~75℃间对各组分分离的影响不明显. 综合考虑分离效果和成本,选择最佳反应温度为60℃,处理时间为3 h,甲酸浓度为88%(w). 在该条件下,纤维素、半纤维素和木质素回收率分别可达91.4%, 88.5%和63.7%.  相似文献   

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Organic liquids have been used in pretreatments to improve the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass, ultimately reducing the amount of enzyme required to digest the material to its constituent sugars. To understand the influence of these solvents on cellulose nanostructure, phosphoric acid was used to solubilize cellulose (PAS cellulose) followed by washing of the PAS cellulose with organic liquids previously demonstrated to aid pretreatment. PAS cellulose washed using methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol had gel‐like properties with disrupted nanostructures. PAS cellulose washed with acetone, 2‐propanol, and water yielded an opaque white precipitate. Small‐angle neutron scattering indicated the formation of loosely bundled rods of cellulose in the gel‐like material. Fourier transform infrared resonance of solvent‐washed, flash‐dried PAS cellulose suggested an increase in interchain hydrogen bonds in the gel‐like precipitates relative to the more obvious precipitates formed in other solvents. The optimal wash liquid was determined to be 40% by volume ethanol in water to induce a highly digestible, gel‐like material. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013  相似文献   

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