TCCA控释片剂的制备及其水消毒作用研究

采用三氯异氰尿酸(TCCA)和微晶蜡为原料制备了新型的水处理消毒剂——TCCA控释片剂,并考察了它在水中的释放特性和消毒效果,结果表明：TCCA控释片剂作为水处理消毒剂在水中具有药剂释放速度缓慢、长效消毒的特点,是一类具有良好应用前景的水处理消毒剂。     

微波紫外消毒技术在水处理工艺中的应用

该文叙述了水环境中病原体的分布和危害,介绍了水体消毒中所采用的物理与化学消毒方法,通过优势和缺点的对比,分析微波紫外消毒技术的优越性。结果表明,微波紫外消毒技术由于具有灯管寿命长、不投加化学药剂、无二次污染等优势,将成为未来水体消毒中的必然趋势。     

医院污水处理站废气消毒工艺的选择

简单介绍了目前国内医院污水处理站废气消毒工艺的主要方法,并分析一些常用废气消毒方法的优缺点。紫外消毒是目前最佳废气消毒工艺,光催化消毒是废气消毒工艺的技术发展方向。     

饮用水处理中消毒技术的研究进展

对当前饮用水处理中消毒工艺研究的进展进行了综述。文中首先介绍了顺次消毒工艺和氧化剂机械混合消毒剂消毒技术两种较新的消毒工艺,并对各消毒剂对饮用水水质的影响进行了简要总结,最后对消毒工艺的发展方向做了展望。     

饮用水的消毒技术

本文论述了目前用于饮用水消毒的技术及它们的特点，并讨论了消毒技术今后发展的方向。     

水处理组合消毒方式分析

消毒的主要目的是为了灭活水中的致病微生物。水厂中主要被使用的消毒剂有氯、氯胺、臭氧、二氧化氯和紫外线。综合分析其消毒效巢和优缺点。重点介绍了多种组合消毒方式,以及分析其在水厂消毒中改善消毒效果和控制消毒副产物方面的应用。     

氯化消毒副产物及对饮用水质的影响

本文讨论了氯化消毒机理，氯化消毒副产物及对饮用水质的影响，并提出了减少氯化消毒副产物的对策。     

紫外线消毒与四种化学消毒方法的比较

本文介绍了四种常用的化学消毒法和紫外线消毒法在应用中的原理及特点,指出紫外线消毒法可能取代传统的化学消毒法并且具有广阔的应用前景。     

乌鲁木齐市河东污水处理厂污水紫外消毒技术的应用研究

介绍了城市污水处理厂污水消毒的必要性,针对乌鲁木齐市河东污水处理厂原有污水消毒技术存在的问题,改用安力斯WSH紫外线污水消毒设备技术对污水进行消毒,并对新、旧几种污水消毒工艺的出水微生物指标进行了比较,分析该消毒技术运行的可行性及在试运行过程存在的问题,并给出合理化建议.     

浅谈污水处理厂的紫外消毒技术的应用

通过对污水处理厂目前的消毒技术分析比较，说明了现代紫外消毒技术在污水处理厂的应用前景，将来替代传统氯化消毒技术的趋势。介绍了污水处理厂紫外消毒系统的构成、运行方式、技术特征及设计考虑的因素，同时也分析了影响紫外消毒的因素。     

Microencapsulation of an insecticide by interfacial polymerisation

The objective of the work is to create a two-effect product composed by microcapsules containing insecticide suspended in concentrated disinfectant solution. A two-step microencapsulation process has been performed with a first step corresponding to the formation of an oil/water (o/w) dispersion in a static mixer and a second step to the microencapsulation by interfacial polymerisation in a stirred tank reactor. Microcapsules are characterized by a mean diameter of 30 μm in order to ensure their suspension in the disinfectant solution. Microcapsules wall is made of polyurea and release rates monitored by pH-measuring in the disinfectant solution, are found to be very low, allowing a good compatibility of insecticide and disinfectant.     

Microbial Responses after Disinfectant Change to Ozone in a Full-Scale Distribution System

Ozone is a promising alternative disinfectant when the concentration of organic carbon is high in the source water. The microbial responses to primary disinfectant change from monochloramine to ozone in a full-scale distribution system were investigated. Several water quality parameters including heterotrophic bacteria and a new parameter, growth potential (GP), were determined from the finished water and at three different distribution system locations before and after switching to ozone for a period of 12 months. The GP assesses the potential of the water to sustain growth of bacteria. The literature suggests that ozonation will result in a higher biodegradable organic carbon concentration and will therefore stimulate bacterial growth. Biodegradable organic carbon concentration (BDOC) and HPC increased but GP decreased after ozonation during the study period. In order to exclude seasonal effects, the data from the same seasons of the previous year were compared in the statistical analyses. Our findings showed that among the water quality parameters, HPC, disinfectant dose and total organic carbon (TOC) concentration showed statistically significant differences between the two years (paired t-test, p<0.05). When ozone was used as primary disinfectant the TOC was 1.5 times higher than when chloarmine was used, but the HPC and disinfectant dose were lower. Thus the switch of the primary disinfectant to ozone did not increase bacterial growth. At the lower dose, the disinfectant dose was effective enough to control bacterial regrowth in the distribution system during the study period.     

给水管网硝化作用控制方法研究进展

介绍了氯胺消毒管网中的硝化作用及其控制方法,并对控制方法进行了总结和展望。在采用氯胺消毒的给水管网中,存在着硝化反应发生的可能性。硝化作用会造成出水亚硝酸盐含量升高、消毒剂含量降低、异养菌繁殖等危害。国内外对氯胺消毒管网中硝化作用控制方法的研究主要集中在改变出厂水水质条件-pH、提高消毒剂的浓度、优化氯胺投加方式、管道冲洗、硝化潜能曲线及投加亚氯酸根控制硝化作用。目前以上的控制方法对硝化作用起到了一定的抑制作用,但是存在控制效果不确定、不具有长期性或者增加生成消毒副产物的风险。因此,对硝化作用的控制方法有待深入研究。笔者提出了氯胺、二氧化氯联合消毒控制硝化作用的方法。     

管碟法验证消毒剂杀菌效果的可行性研究

为考察管碟法验证消毒剂杀菌效果的可行性。用管碟法和悬液定量杀菌法比较了0.1%新洁尔灭、0.1%戊二醛和1%84消毒液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌杀灭效果的影响。用悬液定量杀菌法,这三种消毒剂对悬液中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作用10 min,平均杀灭对数值均4.95,对两种控制菌杀菌效果表现都一致,0.1%戊二醛最佳,其次是0.1%新洁尔灭,最小的是1%84消毒液;用管碟法从抑菌圈直径大小分析,对大肠杆菌而言,0.1%新洁尔灭(13.25 mm)0.1%戊二醛(11.75 mm)1%84消毒液(11.25 mm);对金黄色葡萄球菌0.1%新洁尔灭(15.25 mm)﹥1%84消毒液(13.75 mm)0.1%戊二醛(12.75 mm)。管碟法验证结果与悬液定量杀菌法结果不一致,管碟法受多种因素影响,只能对新药或某种消毒剂的初筛试验,不能用作对消毒剂杀菌效果的评价。     

A Self-Supplying H2O2 Modified Nanozyme-Loaded Hydrogel for Root Canal Biofilm Eradication

The success of root canal therapy depends mainly on the complete elimination of the root canal bacterial biofilm. The validity and biocompatibility of root canal disinfectant materials are imperative for the success of root canal treatment. However, the insufficiency of the currently available root canal disinfectant materials highlights that more advanced materials are still needed. In this study, a nanozyme-loaded hydrogel (Fe₃O₄-CaO₂-Hydrogel) was modified and analyzed as a root canal disinfectant material. Fe₃O₄-CaO₂-Hydrogel was fabricated and examined for its release profile, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. sanguis biofilms in vitro. Furthermore, its efficiency in eliminating the root canal bacterial biofilm removal in SD rat teeth was also evaluated. The results in vitro showed that Fe₃O₄-CaO₂-Hydrogel could release reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, it showed good biocompatibility, disrupting bacterial cell membranes, and inhibiting exopolysaccharide production (p < 0.0001). In addition, in vivo results showed that Fe₃O₄-CaO₂-Hydrogel strongly scavenged on root canal biofilm infection and prevented further inflammation expansion (p < 0.05). Altogether, suggesting that Fe₃O₄-CaO₂-Hydrogel can be used as a new effective biocompatible root canal disinfectant material. Our research provides a broad prospect for clinical root canal disinfection, even extended to other refractory infections in deep sites.     

表面活性剂在消毒领域中的应用

介绍了表面活性剂在消毒领域中应用的现状、主要形式以及具有杀菌作用的季铵盐类和汰垢(Tego)类表面活性剂的结构与性能。同时介绍了传统消毒药物中加入各类表面活性剂提高消毒效果、在各种洗涤剂中加入抗菌剂达到洗涤与杀菌和提高抗菌效果的作用，并对利用表面活性剂的负载体、增溶和乳化作用，克服原有剂型的缺点和改变消毒剂剂型，提高其综合性能进行了概述。     

半封闭条件下稳定型含氯消毒剂在饮用水中的稳定性研究

研究了在半封闭条件下一种稳定型含氯消毒剂的稳定性及抑菌性能。结果表明:稳定型含氯消毒剂具有很好的稳定性,在纯净水中其有效氯的半衰期可长达250d,在自来水中为80d左右;加入稳定型含氯消毒剂的纯净水在长达290d的实验期内基本上不生长细菌,而自来水中当有效氯不到0.5mg/L,细菌含量开始明显增加。加入稳定型含氯消毒剂的纯净水会在一定程度上增加消毒副产物的含量,但不影响饮用水的安全性。稳定型含氯消毒剂可广泛应用于饮用水的消毒。     

稳定型含氯消毒剂对饮用水消毒的实验研究

研究了一种稳定型含氯消毒剂的消毒特性及其在水中的稳定性。发现所用稳定型含氯消毒剂的消毒能力比次氯酸钠弱,但消毒作用持续时间长,在水中的半衰期长达9d,而次氯酸钠只有2h,经有效氯为2mg/L的稳定型含氯消毒剂消毒后的水,可在开放条件下抑菌时间长达12d,而次氯酸钠不到2d。稳定型含氯消毒剂可广泛应用于饮用水的消毒。     

新型高效杀菌剂稳定性二氧化氯合成及性能研究

稳定性二氧化氯是目前使用的消毒剂中最理想的杀菌消毒剂 ,国外称之为第 4代消毒剂。本文通过具体实验及工业现场应用 ,研究了实验室合成稳定性二氧化氯及其现场杀菌性能。