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1.
A. Proctor V. M. Jackson M. Scott P. K. Clark 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(11):1295-1296
Rapid equilibrium extraction of soybean flour has been effective in obtaining an oil with reduced phospholipid content. This
technique was examined to obtain a low phospholipid and low free fatty acid rice bran oil (RBO). The amount of RBO extracted
with hexane from 1 g of rice bran at 22°C was measured over a 10-min period. The amount of oil extracted from variable amounts
of bran with a fixed volume of solvent was also studied. Ninety percent of the oil was extracted in one minute, with 93% of
the total RBO being extracted after ten minutes. This compares with the 98% yield obtained from soy flour, but increasing
the amount of bran used did not reduce the extraction rate. This extraction method produced a good quality RBO with low phospholipid,
low free fatty acid and low peroxide values. 相似文献
2.
Weicheng Hu John Henry Wells Tai-Sun Shin J. Samuel Godber 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(12):1653-1656
The effects of solvent-to-bran ratio (2∶1 and 3∶1, w/w), extraction temperature (40 and 60°C), and time (5, 10, 15, 20, and
30 min) were studied for hexane and isopropanol extraction. Increasing the solvent-to-bran ratios and extraction temperature
increased the amounts of crude oil, vitamin E and oryzanol recovered for both solvents. An extraction time of 15 min was sufficient
for optimum crude oil, vitamin E, and oryzanol extraction. Preheated isopropanol (3∶1 solvent/bran ratio and 60°C) extracted
less crude oil (P<.05) but more vitamin E (P<.05) and similar amounts of oryzanol (P>.05) relative to preheated hexane. The data suggest that isopropanol is a promising alternative solvent to hexane for extraction
of oil from stabilized rice bran. 相似文献
3.
Effect of Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Bran Stabilization Methods on Rice Bran Oil
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S. L. Chia H. C. Boo K. Muhamad R. Sulaiman F. Umanan G. H. Chong 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2015,92(3):393-402
The extraction of rice bran oil using the conventional organic solvent‐based Soxhlet method involves hazardous chemicals, whereas supercritical fluid extraction is a costly high‐temperature operating system. The subcritical carbon dioxide Soxhlet (SCDS) system, which operates at a low temperature, was evaluated for the extraction of rice bran oil in this study. In addition, rice bran that had been subjected to steam or hot‐air stabilization were compared with unstabilized rice bran (control). The yields; contents of tocopherols, tocotrienols and oryzanol; fatty acid profiles; and the oxidative stabilities of the extracted rice bran oils were analyzed. The yields using hexane and SCDS extraction were approximately 22 and 13–14.5 %, respectively. However, oil extracted using the SCDS system contained approximately 10 times more oryzanol and tocol compounds and had lower free fatty acid levels and peroxide values compared with hexane‐extracted oil. Overall, SCDS extraction of steamed rice bran represents a promising method to produce premium‐quality rice bran oil. 相似文献
4.
Pavan K. Mamidipally Sean X. Liu 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2004,106(2):122-125
Edible oil extraction with petroleum derivatives as solvents has caused safety, health, and environmental concerns everywhere. Thus, finding a safe alternative solvent will have a strong and positive impact on environments and general health of the world population, considering the scale of oil extraction operations worldwide. The extraction of oil from rice bran by d‐limonene and hexane (for comparison) has been carried out at their respective boiling points at various solvent‐to‐meal ratios and for various extraction times. The preliminary data suggested that the optimum solvent‐to‐meal ratio and extraction time required for d‐limonene extraction of rice bran oil to be 5:1 and 1 h respectively. The initial quality characteristics (free fatty acid content, oil color, phospholipid content) of crude oil extracted under these optimum conditions were analyzed using various analytical methods based on the standard methods of AOCS and were found to be comparable to the oil extracted with hexane. The initial positive result has paved the way for further studies on issues related to meal qualities as well as to a scale‐up of the method in the near future. 相似文献
5.
Rachid Tir Paresh C. Dutta Ahmed Yacine Badjah‐Hadj‐Ahmed 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2012,114(12):1427-1438
This study highlights the effect of solvent polarity on the yield (Y%) and properties of oil extracted from Algerian sesame seeds. Extractions were carried out under Soxhlet conditions with the following solvents: hexane (Hx), ethanol (Eth), acetone (Ac), dichloromethane (Di), isopropanol (Iso), hexane:isopropanol (Hx:Iso), and chloroform:methanol (Chf:Me). The sesame oil yield obtained using different solvents ranged from 28.86 to 52.83%. Fatty acids and sterols analyses were performed by GC on capillary column. γ‐Tocopherol was the major tocochromanol compound detected by HPLC‐fluorescence. Fourteen fatty acids were identified, with the predominance of oleic and linoleic acids. The main sterol in sesame oil was β‐sitosterol, followed by stigmasterol, campesterol, and Δ5‐avenasterol which were present in lower concentrations. High correlations were found between arachidic, gadoleic, behenic, and lignoceric acids concentrations; these results were explained by the metabolic biosynthesis pathway of the biologically active long‐chain PUFA by successive elongation and desaturation. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data obtained from sesame oil composition enabled an easy comparison of the different extraction solvents, and correlated their properties with the most characteristic components of the extracted oils with a view to understand solvent–oil interaction, and to establish the effects of extracting solvent on such oil composition. Practical applications: This study showed that the choice of solvent depends largely on the desired fraction to be extracted. Sesame oil was better extracted with less‐polar solvents but membrane‐associated lipids are more polar and require polar solvents capable of breaking hydrogen bonds or electrostatic forces. Owing to the differences in solvent capacity, the fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols extracted along with the oil vary, leading to differences in the quality of the extracted oil. The results obtained in this study could be applied in industrial extraction to encourage the use of alternative extraction solvents. 相似文献
6.
Prasert Hanmoungjai Leo Pyle Keshavan Niranjan 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2000,75(5):348-352
Aqueous extraction of oil from rice bran was studied on a laboratory scale and the resulting product was examined. The following process parameters influencing oil extraction were individually investigated: pH of aqueous media, extraction temperature, extraction time, agitation speed and rice bran‐to‐water ratio. Extraction temperature and pH were found to be the main factors influencing oil extraction. The highest oil yield was obtained at pH 12.0, extraction temperature 50 °C, extraction time 30 min, agitation speed 1000 rpm, and rice bran‐to‐water ratio 1.5‐to‐10. The quality of aqueous‐extracted oil in terms of free fatty acid, iodine value and saponification value was similar to a commercial sample of rice bran oil and hexane‐extracted oil, but the peroxide value was higher. Furthermore, the colour of aqueous‐extracted oil was paler than solvent‐extracted oil. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
7.
W. D. Harris F. F. Bishop C. M. Lyman R. Helpert 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1947,24(11):370-375
Phase equilibrium data for the system; cottonseed oil-isopropanol-water were determined at 30°C. and compared with data for the system; cottonseed oilethanol-water. The relative phase distribution of fatty acids and cottonseed oil in mixtures with isopropanol and water was studied under varying conditions of water and fatty acid concentrations. These tests showed the fatty acids to be highly concentrated in the alcohol-water phase. Flaked cottonseed meats were extracted in continuous extraction apparatus with 91% isopropanol, 99% isopropanol, and mixtures of commercial hexane and isopropanol. Analytical data on the extractions show that 91% isopropanol is an efficient solvent for extracting active gossypol along with the oil. Rat and swine feeding tests of the isopropanol extracted meal showed it to be highly superior to hydraulic meal as a source of protein. A method was developed for treatment of the cottonseed-isopropanol miscella by liquid-liquid extraction to separate purified oil and fatty acid fractions from other materials in the extract. 相似文献
8.
《Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)》2000,76(1):61-65
Jojoba oil extraction by pressing alone, pressing followed by leaching, and leaching alone were investigated. The extraction process by first and second pressing followed by leaching gave about 50% by weight oil with reference to total seed, which is in agreement with what has been reported previously. The extraction by leaching process was carried out using different solvents. These solvents were; hexane, benzene, toluene, petroleum ether, chloroform, and isopropanol. Hexane, benzene, and petroleum ether gave the highest yield (all about 50% by weight oil with reference to total seed), but when cost is considered, petroleum ether is recommended as the best solvent to leach jojoba oil. The yield obtained in this work for leaching by hexane and benzene are 3–5% and about 10% for isopropanol more than those reported in the literature. Traces of solvent remained with the extracted oil after simple distillation followed by a second stage distillation via a Rotavapour apparatus. These traces slightly affected some of the oil properties such as pour point and flash point. 相似文献
9.
Niels O. Maness Donna Chrz Troy Pierce Gerald H. Brusewitz 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(6):665-669
A procedure to determine total oil content of pecan was developed for samples weighing 500 and 10 mg by supercritical fluid
extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide as the extraction solvent, and chilled hexane as the trapping solvent. Fatty acid methyl
esters (FAMEs) were prepared from the total lipid fraction by using either an aliquot (500 mg starting weight) or the entire
extract (10 mg starting weight). Total oil content obtained for either sample size with SFE was similar to that obtained with
an organic solvent extraction technique. The fatty acid composition for the total lipid fraction of oils extracted with SFE
was the same as for oils extracted with organic solvents, and oil composition did not change during SFE. Both oil yield and
fatty acid composition were similar to those reported previously for pecan. Samples could be extracted and placed into FAME-derivatizing
reagents in one day, and fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction could be determined by gas-liquid chromatography
the next day. The procedure, as demonstrated for pecan, should be suitable for other oilseeds, especially those containing
low amounts of water. 相似文献
10.
Optimization of an Oil Extraction Process for Algae from the Treatment of Manure Effluent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Walter Mulbry Shannon Kondrad Jeffrey Buyer Devanand L. Luthria 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(9):909-915
Increasing interest in the coupling of biological wastewater treatment processes with the generation of value-added products
(such as oil containing ω-3 fatty acids (FA)) has stimulated efforts in adapting extraction methods for treatment byproducts.
This study’s objective was to compare a high temperature/pressure extraction method (accelerated solvent extraction) (ASE)
and a manual extraction method (modified Folch extraction) with regard to their ability to extract total oil from three algae
samples from the treatment of dairy manure effluent. The efficiency of total oil and FA extraction with three solvents (chloroform/methanol,
isopropanol/hexane, and hexane) was also evaluated using the ASE method. Results showed that the ASE method yielded higher
values for total oil content compared to the Folch method but similar values for FA content and composition after four extraction
cycles with chloroform/methanol. However, the ASE method yielded much higher amounts of FA in the first cycle (85–95% of total
extracted) compared to the Folch method (44–55% of total extracted in the first cycle). As expected, the extraction efficiency
of the ASE method for FA was dependent on the extraction solvent. FA content values using ASE with chloroform/methanol > isopropanol/hexane > hexane.
FA content values using the Folch method or ASE with chloroform/methanol were not significantly influenced by sample particle
size within the size range of 0.1–1 mm. 相似文献
11.
Supercritical CO2 extraction of rice bran 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Extraction of rice bran lipids with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was performed. To investigate the pressure effect on extraction yield, two isobaric conditions, 7000 and 9000 psi, were
selected. A Soxhlet extraction with hexane (modified AOCS method Aa 4–38; 4 h at 69°C) was also conducted and used as the
comparison basis. Rice bran with a moisture content of 6%, 90% passable through a sieve with 0.297 mm opening, was used for
extraction. A maximum rice bran oil (RBO) yield of 20.5%, which represents 99+% lipid recovery, was obtained with hexane.
RBO yield with SC-CO2 ranged between 19.2 and 20.4%. RBO yield increased with temperature at isobaric conditions. At the 80°C isotherm, an increase
in RBO yield was obtained with an increase in pressure. The pressure effect may be attributed to the increase in SC-CO2 density, which is closely related to the value of the Hildebrand solubility parameter. RBO extracted with SC-CO2 had a far superior color quality when compared with hexane-extracted RBO. The level of sterols in SC-CO2-extracted RBO increased with pressure and temperature. 相似文献
12.
P. B. V. Reddi K. S. Murti R. O. Feuge 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1948,25(6):206-211
- Freshly milled rice bran has been extracted with commercial hexane and the recovered oil and extracted meal examined for their respective content of wax. The oils were refined and bleached by standards as well as several special methods. The crude, caustic soda refined, and several refined and bleached oils were examined spectrophotometrically.
- When freshly milled rice bran of good quality is extracted with commercial hexane, an oil of relatively low free fatty acid content is obtained. This oil possesses good color and is as stable as other similar types of crude oils.
- If the oils is extracted from the brain at a temperature below about 10°C. and the extraction is discontinued at the right time, the extracted oil represents 90–95% of the total lipids in the brain and contains very little wax. This wax, which is readily extracted with hot commercial hexane as well as other types of solvents, amounts to about 3–9% of the total extractable lipids.
- When subjected to ordinary caustic soda refining methods, good rice brain oils behave much like cottonseed oils of comparable free fatty acid content. Both caustic soda refining in a hydrocarbon solvent and refining with sodium carbonate result in refining losses approximating the absolute or Wesson loss.
- Some of the refined oils when bleached according to usual practice produce products acceptable for use in the edible trade. However, refined rice bran oil has a definitely greenish cast resulting from the presence of chlorophyll, but this color can be removed by bleaching with a small amount of activated acidic clay.
13.
In the United States, sorghum is primarily used for animal feed and ethanol production but has potential to provide value-added coproducts including waxes and oil. The surface of sorghum contains 0.1–0.4% wax; however, wax extraction from whole kernels before fermentation may not be economical. An alternative method for this extraction could be facilitated through decortication, abrasion of the surface to remove bran. Decortication increases the starch content of decorticated sorghum, potentially improving ethanol yields, while concentrating wax and oil to the bran. Typically, oil (triacylglycerols) and waxes are extracted from bran in one extraction and waxes are precipitated from oil using cold temperatures then filtration. This research compared traditional fractionation (simulated with a two-step, single-temperature extraction) to a two-step, dual-temperature extraction, whereby oil is first extracted at room temperature and then waxes at elevated temperature. Extractions were performed using an accelerated solvent extractor with hexane or ethanol as solvents. Ethanol extraction showed greater yields (~15% w/w) compared to those of hexane (~11% w/w) because polar materials were extracted. Using hexane, the two-step, dual-temperature fractionation separated waxes from oils via the temperature of extraction solvent with similar purity to the traditional method that fractionated via cold precipitation and filtration. For ethanol, the traditional single-step method fractionated with higher wax purity but lower oil purity compared to the two-step, dual-temperature fractionation. 相似文献
14.
Ajit Singh Bhatnagar Ambale Gundappa Gopala Krishna 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2013,90(8):1203-1212
Commercially available niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seed was investigated to evaluate the effect of extraction solvent on oil and bioactives composition. For this purpose, niger seeds were subjected to solvent extraction using solvents of different polarity, viz., hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and ethanol. The oil content of niger seeds obtained after extraction with solvents of different polarities was in the range of 31.8–41.3 g/100 g. The extracted oil was characterized by the following parameters: color (40.0–95.0 Lovibond units), free fatty acids (3.6–12.3 g/100 g), peroxide value (3.2–7.8 mequiv O2/kg), iodine value (137.6–140.3 cg I2/g), saponification value (177.3–185.9 mg KOH/g) and unsaponifiable matter (1.3–4.3 g/100 g). Among fatty acids, linoleic acid (69.4–73.2 %) was the major fatty acid and trilinolein (31.2–33.4 %) was the major triacylglycerol. The composition of bioactive molecules was 171.9–345.8 ppm of total tocopherols; 247.1–2,647.7 ppm of total phenolics; 1,249.6–6,309.3 ppm of total sterols and 18.9–181.0 ppm of total carotenoids. Among the tocopherols, α-tocopherol was the major component with 154–276 ppm. Of the total phenolics, vanillic acid with 176–1,709 ppm was the major phenolic compound in the oil extracted using different solvents. Ethanol-extracted oil showed a 13.9-fold better oxidative stability and a higher radical scavenging activity (IC50 value of 9.2 mg/mL) compared to hexane-extracted oil (IC50 value of 40.3 mg/mL). This is probably the first report of its kind on solvent extractability of bioactives of niger seed. 相似文献
15.
B.M.W.P.K. Amarasinghe M.P.M. Kumarasiri N.C. Gangodavilage 《Food and Bioproducts Processing》2009,87(2):108-114
Rice bran oil is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries due to its unique properties and high medicinal value. In this study aqueous extraction of rice bran oil from rice bran available in Sri Lanka, was studied. Key factors controlling the extraction and optimal operating conditions were identified. Several methods of bran stabilization were tested and the results were analyzed. The yield and quality of aqueous extracted oil was compared with hexane extracted oil.Aqueous extraction experiments were conducted in laboratory scale mixer–settler unit. Steaming, hot air drying, chemical stabilization and refrigeration better controls the lipase activity compared to solar drying. Steaming is the most effective stabilization technique. The extraction capacity was highest at solution pH range 10–12. Higher oil yield was observed at higher operating temperatures (60–80 °C). Kinetic studies revealed that extraction was fast with 95% or more of the extraction occurring within first 10–15 min of contact time. Parboiling of paddy increases the oil yield. Highest oil yield of 161 and 131 mg/g were observed for aqueous extraction of parboiled bran and raw rice bran respectively. The aqueous extracted oil was low in free fatty acid content and color compared to hexane extracted rice bran oil and other commonly used oils. Major lipid species in rice bran oil were oleic, linoleic and palmitic. 相似文献
16.
Membrane processing of crude vegetable oils: Pilot plant scale remoyal of solvent from oil miscellas
S. S. Köseoglu J. T. Lawhon E. W. Lusas 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(5):315-322
The recovery of solvents used in the extraction step of edible oil processing is required for economical, environmental, and
safety considerations. The miscella (mixture of extracted oil and solvent) exits the extractor at 70 to 75 wt% solvent content.
Currently, the solvent is recovered by distillation.
This paper reports the results of a study on separation of vegetable oils from commercial extraction solvents using various
types of Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes.
Solvent permeation rates and separation performances of various RO and UF membranes were determined by using ethanol, isopropyl
alcohol and hexane as the solvents. One membrane exhibited a flux of 200 GFD (ethanol) with 1% oil remaining in the permeate.
However, hexane rapidly deteriorated all but one of the membranes tested. The membrane that was compatible with hexane had
a low flux and unacceptably low oil retention.
Industrial-scale membranes were also evaluated in pilot plant trials. A hexane separation was attempted with a hollow-fiber
membrane unit, and it was noted that the pores of the fibers swelled almost closed. Some of the commercially available membranes
selectively removed solvent (ethanol or isopropanol) from the edible oil miscellas with reasonable flow rates.
The research reported has shown that membranes manufactured from polyamide were the least affected by hexane. Fluxes achieved
during solvent-oil separations were increased by increases in either temperature or pressure and decreased by increases in
oil concentration in the feed. The processing temperature affected the percentage of oil in solution in either ethanol or
isopropanol as well as the viscosity of the feed. Both of these factors in turn influenced the flux achieved.
Approximately 2 trillion Btu/yr could be saved using a hybrid membrane system to recover solvents used in the extraction step
of crude oil production. Studies to date report marginal success. The development of hexane-resistant membranes may make this
application viable. 相似文献
17.
不同亚临界溶剂从微拟球藻湿藻泥中提取油脂 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以微拟球藻(Nannochlorsis sp.)湿藻泥为原料,研究了亚临界乙醇、亚临界乙醇-正己烷共溶剂及硫酸辅助亚临界乙醇-正己烷共溶剂3种萃取体系对微藻油脂提取的影响. 结果表明,亚临界乙醇-正己烷比亚临界乙醇对湿藻细胞有更高的油脂萃取率和低的溶剂用量,加入少量硫酸可进一步提高油脂的提取率、降低溶剂用量. 微拟球藻湿藻泥(含水约70%)优化提取条件为,正己烷/乙醇体积比3:1,液固比(溶剂/藻细胞干重)7 mL/g,加入藻细胞干重6%的硫酸,1.5 MPa下90℃萃取30 min,在此条件下油脂提取率可达90%以上. 3种萃取体系获得的微藻油脂均以甘油三酯为主,甘油三酯的脂肪酸主要为C16:0, C18:1和C16:1,其中硫酸辅助亚临界共溶剂萃取的微藻油脂中甘油三酯含量最高,约占总脂的86%以上. 相似文献
18.
Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting γ-oryzanol from rice bran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Organic solvents were compared with supercritical CO2 relative to efficiency for extracting lipid and γ-oryzanol from rice bran. A solvent mixture with 50% hexane and 50% isopropanol
(vol/vol) at a temperature of 60°C for 45–60 min produced the highest yield (1.68 mg/g of rice bran) of γ-oryzanol among organic
solvents tested. The yield of γ-oryzanol without saponification was approximately two times higher (P<0.05) than that with saponification during solvent extraction. However, the yield (5.39 mg/g of rice bran) of γ-oryzanol
in supercritical fluid extraction under a temperature of 50°C, pressure of 68,901 kPa (680 atm), and time of 25 min was approximately
four times higher than the highest yield of solvent extraction. Also, a high concentration of γ-oryzanol in extract (50–80%)
was obtained by collecting the extract after 15–20 min of extraction under optimized conditions. 相似文献
19.
Hamideh Mirzaei Karamatollah Rezaei 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2019,96(10):1163-1171
The effects of different heat treatment methods on the extraction yield of oil and the amygdalin contents of the wild almond meal and oil were investigated. When using hexane as a solvent for the extraction, oil yield and amygdalin contents of the extracted oils increased by increasing the applied temperature as the pretreatment (46.1–51.6%, w/w, for oil yield and 26–49 mg/100 mL oil for the amygdalin content). When using mechanical oil extraction, hot-press resulted in higher oil yield (23.2%) than did the cold-press (15.6%) but the amygdalin levels of the extracted oils were not significantly different (12.8–12.9 mg/100 mL oil). Autoclaving ground wild almond and hot-press resulted in a significant increase in the peroxide and acid values of the oils. Investigation of fatty acid profiles of different samples showed that heat treatment and extraction method in this study did not impact the fatty acid profiles of the extracted oils. 相似文献
20.
In this study, laboratory-scale multi-stage cross- and counter-current extractions of sulfur olive oil miscella with 70 and
80% ethanol saturated with hexane were investigated. For cross-current extraction, the extraction factor for free fatty acids
was constant in each extraction stage. Therefore, the extraction factors determined in single-stage extractions were used
to calculate the extracted free fatty acid percentages for cross-current and counter-current multi-stage extractions and results
were in close agreement with the experimental data. It was possible to determine the amount of solvent and the number of stages
required for counter-current extraction to remove the desired amount of free fatty acids from a given sulfur olive oil with
70 or 80% ethanol. Comparison of the results for these two solvents showed that 80% ethanol was more suitable. 相似文献