Bubble detonation conditions

Initiation of bubble detonation in the system “inert liquid-explosive gas bubbles” by a detonation wave in a gas was studied experimentally. Compression-wave pressure profiles were determined as functions of the length of the initiation section and the initial pressure of the explosive gas mixture in it. It was shown that because of the effect of the explosive-gas volume between the diaphragm and the upper boundary of the bubble medium, the pressure in front of the initiating wave increased much more slowly than the initial pressure. The optimal length of the initiation section was found, and the critical (minimum) initiation pressure in it and at the shock-wave front were determined. It was found that for a fixed gas volume concentration in the bubble medium, the pressure in the initiation section increased insignificantly as the length of the section decreased. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 84–90, March–April, 2007.     

Diffusiophoresis under turbulent conditions

Diffusiophoretic separation of 0·79 μm latex spheres from nitrogen—ammonia mixtures was studied under turbulent conditions. The experiments were conducted with a small wetted wall column in which the gas mixture flowed countercurrently to a descending water film. The measured particle removal efficiencies are compared with theoretical predictions based on the hypotheses that the radial particle velocity is given by the mean molar velocity of the gas mixture, the mean mass velocity of the mixture, or Schmitt and Waldmann's (1960) expression. It is shown that the theoretical efficiencies are only functions of the molecular weights and terminal concentrations of the gaseous species and that the second hypothesis is in best agreement with experimental data. Diffusiophoresis under turbulent conditions requires large changes in gas composition to achieve even moderate particle removal efficiencies.     

生物滴滤池处理挥发性有机物运行条件的优化

研究了不同填料类型、停留时间、有机负荷对生物塔处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)处理效果的影响,优化其运行条件,进行了平行实验。结果表明,停留时间45 s时具有较好的处理效果,火山岩填料的性能明显优于塑料环填料与塑料球填料,有机负荷小于250 g/(m~3·h)时,VOCs去除率高于90%。     

谐波工况下电能的计量

对不同类型的电能表在谐波工况下的电能计量进行理论分析,提出提高计量精度的方案。     

影响卤水分析的条件

通过基准Nacl对照试验，探讨了pH值范围，指示剂用量等影响卤水分析的因素，找到了更符合客观实际的分析条件，提供了为生产服务的基础理论数据。     

间硝基苯甲酸合成条件的优化

用硝酸钠和硫酸对苯甲酸进行硝化制备间硝基苯甲酸,利用正交方法对合成条件进行优化。结果表明,最优工艺条件为:浓硫酸与硝酸钠的质量比为5∶1,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为3 h。     

呋喃甲醛检测条件及优化

介绍了检测呋喃甲醛含量的高效液相色谱分析法,利用其含量值来间接反映电力设备中绝缘纸的老化程度。为电力设备安全稳定运行提供了保障,考察了优化条件下检测结果的精密度和多组分色谱峰的分离度。本方法相对标准偏差小,可以应用于变压器油样品中呋喃甲醛含量的检测。结果表明,液相色谱法灵敏、可靠、稳定、重现性好,对全部种类的变压器油均适用。     

超声波催化糠偶姻缩合的研究

研究了超声波催化条件下温度、时间和超声波强弱对呋喃甲醛缩合生成糠偶姻的反应产率的影响，结果显示，使用强超声在60℃下回流1h是反应的最佳条件。     

Two-dimensional combustion conditions in flow

Chernogolovka. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 45–50, July–August, 1990.     

Boundary conditions of flow reactor

An analysis is presented of the boundary conditions for a steady-state flow reactor with axial diffusion and first-order reaction. Conclusions regarding reactor properties are reached as the result of simultaneous solution of the three differential equations for the reaction section, fore and after sections. Axial diffusion may occur in the latter two sections. The limits of behaviour, represented by a plug-flow reactor without diffusivity, and a fully-stirred reactor, are discussed. Contributions of the diffusivities in the three parts of the system to the course of reaction in space are considered.     

Optimal conditions for vacuum desorption

The optimal conditions for the vacuum desorption of components from liquid solutions are found-the maximum pressure and minimum acceptable density of irrigation. The evaporative equipment is modern regular film tubular nozzles. The laminar pressure of liquid and vapor in the downstream parallel flow mode is assumed. The vacuum desorption from water solutions of some inorganic gases that have both low and high solubility is considered as an application to the theory.     

Shear deformation under impact conditions

The deformation behavior that results from falling weight impact testing with flat-headed darts is analyzed in terms of elasticity and plasticity. From a comparison of the time and temperature dependence of the yield stress that is observed during a falling weight test with the same dependences of the yield stress during simple shear tests, it is concluded that the use of flat-headed darts results in strong shear loading. Consequently most of the plastic deformation takes place by shear flow. Of practical interest is that this leads to a simple dependence of the yield stress during the impact test and the impact energy on the plate thickness. Furthermore, for a number of cases this result allows a direct conversion of temperature effects to time effects. In practice this means that it is possible to simulate the impact behavior at very high impact rates simply by performing impact tests at lower temperatures.