新型厌氧处理工艺--厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器

介绍了新型厌氧处理工艺——厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器(AMBR)的基本构造、工作原理、主要性能和颗粒污泥的培养。AMBR工艺是在升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)和厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)两种工艺的基础上开发的,因而它具有运行方式灵活、结构简单、处理效果好、耐冲击负荷能力强和甲烷产率高等优点。     

接种厌氧絮状污泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动

厌氧氨氧化技术因其节能、运行费用低、不需添加有机物等优点而备受关注,但反应器启动慢是该技术面临的瓶颈问题。为了加速厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动,该研究在两个不同阶段中先后在同一UASB反应器中接种絮状污泥和添加颗粒活性炭,以含NH4+-N和NO2--N的人工配水为进水,进行连续试验,并在试验过程中调整运行参数,最终添加活性炭的絮状污泥反应器在运行85 d后成功启动厌氧氨氧化过程,总氮去除率稳定在80%-90%。结果表明在使用活性炭吸附法固定化时,反应器启动迅速,活性炭可以成为厌氧氨氧化菌的理想载体。     

升流厌氧污泥床反应器处理石灰草浆黑液 Ⅰ.流形分布

本文用碘离子作示踪剂,采用矩形脉冲示踪法测定了实验室规模的升流厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器(有效容积27.5L)的流形分布。它表明UASB 反应器可分为污泥床区、悬浮层区和三相分离区三部分。其中污泥床区和悬浮层区可用完全混合反应器描述;三相分离器可用推流式反应器描述;污泥床和悬浮区通过废水流量相连通。     

Anaerobic Treatment of Leachates in a Pilot-Scale UASB: Strategy of Start-up

The anaerobic digestion of leachates from a solid urban wastes landfill was studied using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in pilot scale. The strategy of start-up and acclimation was based on gradual substitution of easily biodegradable feed with landfill leachate. All modifications were based on the attainment of 70% COD removal. Having completed the start-up, the kinetics of leachate biodegradation were studied and the values of kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting experimental data to the equation of Chen and Hashimoto. The biodegradability assays indicated that 40–50% of COD in leachate was biodegradable. The highest COD removal was 90–100% if only the biodegradable matter was considered.     

高浓度树脂生产废水处理工艺的设计

对某公司树脂生产废水的处理进行了试验研究,该废水的CODCr接近150 000 mg/L.经过小试确定了该废水的处理方案.首先采用物化预处理即两级催化氧化法降解废水中的有毒有害物质,提高废水的可生化性,接着用微电解法初步降低废水的CODCr,最后用UASB A/0进一步降低其CODCr,使废水CODCr小于500 mg/L达标排放.     

厌氧反应器的酸化及其恢复研究进展

随着升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)、内循环反应器(IC)等厌氧反应器在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用,其启动及运行过程中出现的酸化现象日益受到关注,酸化问题一定程度地抑制了厌氧反应器的推广.针对厌氧酸化问题的产生及危害,着重讨论了厌氧酸化后物理、化学和生物恢复方法,以期为高效厌氧反应器的稳定化运行...     

厌氧-好氧组合工艺处理制药废水的试验研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器-移动床生物膜反应器串联装置,处理含有大量氨基酸和皂素的制药废水。系统的总COD去除率平均在86%左右。当厌氧反应器的COD容积负荷为10～21kg/(m3·d),COD去除率平均为70%左右;好氧反应器的COD容积负荷率为2.48～2.87kg/(m3·d),COD去除率为59%。     

升流厌氧污泥床反应器处理石灰草浆黑液 Ⅲ.动态模型及优化控制

利用动力学模型建立了实验室规模(27.5L)的UASB 反应器的动态模型。利用此模型,计算了在流量为3L/h 的情况下,相应于进水基质浓度S_i 序列的输出序列:出水浓度S_(?)和产气量Q_(?)序列。此模型较好地拟合了实际过程,S_(?)序列和实验值平均误差为6.61%,Q_(?)平均误差为7.69%,Q_(?)滞后时间为1 h,利用庞特里雅金优化原理,对流量Q 加以控制,以消除出水浓度S_(?)的波动。     

气浮提取蛋白-UASB & SBR工艺处理淀粉废水

采用气浮提取蛋白 -UASB&SBR工艺处理淀粉废水 ,工程运行表明在进水SS、CODCr、BOD5分别为6 86 2mg/L、14 4 6 7mg/L、86 72mg/L的条件下 ,出水SS、CODCr、BOD5分别为 86mg/L、12 7mg/L、2 2 .5mg/L ,处理水质稳定达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978— 1996 )二级标准 ;同时在处理过程中能够制取蛋白饲料和沼气 ,具有显著的环境效益和经济效益     

The removal of heavy metals in anaerobic upflow sludge blanket reactors

The continuous removal of heavy metals by the biological solids in an anaerobic reactor has been examined. The metals used were chromium (III), zinc and lead. Both competitive and non-competitive removal was studied. The results were evaluated in terms of adsorption isotherms and were compared with earlier batch studies. This suggested that the sludge acted as a cation-exchange material, with chromium having a much lower binding intensity than lead and zinc. The data also suggest that the nature of the sludge surface is of considerable significance in determining the capacity and intensity of binding. The effect of the metals on biogas formation was also examined. This showed that inhibition of the gas formation was a function of the metal concentration and that the relative toxicities appeared to be zinc > lead > chromium.     

制革废水UASB处理的几个主要影响因素

对污泥浓度、机械作用、COD负荷、pH、温度等制革废水UASB厌氧处理的几个主要影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,随着污泥浓度的增强,甲烷产气量增加,产气速度提高,COD的去除率先提高并逐步趋于稳定：随着机械作用的增加,甲烷产气量增加,产气速度提高;随着COD负荷的提高,甲烷产气量增加,产气速度提高并趋于稳定;最适pH值在7．0-7．2之间：最适温度在34-38℃之间。     

Determination of potential methane production capacity of a granular sludge from a pilot‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor using a specific methanogenic activity test

A 450 dm³ pilot‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used for the treatment of a fermentation‐based pharmaceutical wastewater. The UASB reactor performed well up to an organic loading rate (OLR) of 10.7 kg COD m^?3 d^?1 at which point 94% COD removal efficiency was achieved. This high treatment efficiency did not continue, however and the UASB reactor was then operated at lower OLRs for the remainder of the study. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were, therefore, carried out to determine the potential loading capacity of the UASB reactor. For this purpose, the SMA tests were carried out at four different initial acetate concentrations, namely 500 mg dm^?3, 1000 mg dm^?3, 1500 mg dm^?3 and 2000 mg dm^?3 so that substrate limitation could not occur. The results showed that the sludge sample taken from the UASB reactor (OLR of 6.1 kg COD m^?3 d^?1) had a potential acetoclastic methane production (PMP) rate of 72 cm³ CH₄ g^?1 VSS d^?1. When the PMP rate was compared with the actual methane production rate (AMP) of 67 cm³ CH₄ g^?1 VSS d^?1 obtained from the UASB reactor, the AMP/PMP ratio was found to be 0.94 which ensured that the UASB reactor was operated using its maximum potential acetoclastic methanogenic capacity. In order to achieve higher OLRs with desired COD removal efficiencies it was recommended that the UASB reactor should be loaded with suitable OLRs pre‐determined by SMA tests. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

化学混凝-UASB-MUSB工艺处理生活污水

化学混凝-UASB-MUSB联合工艺处理低浓度生活污水主要包括常温条件下UASB反应器的启动运行,化学混凝对UASB处理效果的影响以及厌氧后处理工艺--MUSB工艺的运行状况三部分.结果表明该工艺具有停留时间短、能耗低、混凝剂用量少、供气量小、剩余污泥少等特点,是适应我国目前经济水平的污水处理工艺.     

升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)与间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)联合工艺在饮料生产废水处理工程中的应用

针对饮料生产废水的来源及其特点,采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)与间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)联合工艺处理陕西某饮料公司的饮料生产废水。进水水质中CODCr为2 000 mg/L、BOD5为1 350 mg/L、SS为215 mg/L、pH为5~12;出水水质要求达到CODCr≤80 mg/L、BOD5≤20 mg/L、NH3-N≤12 mg/L、pH为6～9,即渭河水系(陕西段)污水综合排放标准BD 61/224—2006中的一级标准。该文通过介绍处理工艺流程、工艺设计参数,反应器的启动运行及工艺运行结果,提出了影响反应器启动及运行的一些影响因素及相应的控制措施。工程实践证明,UASB与SBR联合工艺在处理饮料生产废水时具有处理效果好、低能耗、易管理等特点。     

乙酰螺旋霉素生产废水的处理

采用厌氧颗粒污泥和好氧活性污泥分别对升流式厌氧污泥床过滤器(UBF)和间歇循环活性污泥系统(CASS)进行污泥接种培养,研究水解酸化-UBF-CASS工艺在乙酰螺旋霉素废水处理方面的运行效果.运行结果表明:在进水CODCr的质量浓度为5 000～10 000mg/L,UBF和CASS反应器中有机负荷分别为0.50和0.24kg[CODCr]/(kg[MLSS]·d)左右的情况下,UBF和CASS反应器分别运行2个月和1周,CODCr平均去除率分别达到88%和50%,出水CODCr的质量浓度在300mg/L以下,达到<污水综合排放标准>(8978-1996)二级标准.     

水溶性胶黏剂生产废水处理工程实例

针对水溶性胶黏剂生产废水有机物含量较高、水质波动大、难生物降解等特点,采用Fenton氧化+混凝沉淀+UASB+生物滤池的组合工艺对其进行处理。运行结果表明,系统运行稳定,出水COD≤500 mg/L,氨氮≤25 mg/L,SS≤400 mg/L,处理出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)的三级标准,COD、氨氮、SS去除率分别为93.6%、56.9%、89.5%,工艺处理成本为6.8元/m^3。     

升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理城市污水试验研究

升流式厌氧污泥床(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket,简称UASB)反应器是荷兰学者Lettinga等人在70年代初开发的,主要用于处理高有机负荷的工业废水。由于其结构紧凑、处理效率高、节能等优点,近年来,各国开始探索UASB在处理负荷较低的生活污水和城市综合废水上的应用。该文介绍了利用UASB处理城市生活污水试验的结果;试验现场设在上海奉贤,进水为污水泵站的高有机负荷的原水,CODCr的范围:200~2 000 mg/L,UASB内污泥浓度:4 100 mg/L。出水进入后续的高负荷生物滤池进行下一步处理。该UASB是整个处理流程6段中的一段。当水力停留时间为6 h时,CODCr平均去除率为37.0%;BOD5平均去除率为36.2%;SS平均去除率为38.9%。     

UASB反应器处理玉米淀粉废水稳定性研究

分析了UASB反应器稳定运行的影响因素,试验结果表明:通过对进水量的主动调整可以解决因进水浓度波动带来的影响,反应器COD容积负荷在10 kg/(m3·d)左右时,上升流速0.7 m/h是最佳值,能够承受2 kg/(m3·d)的负荷冲击,处理效率仍能保持在75%以上.