Kinetics of glycerol conversion to hydrocarbon fuels over Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst

The utilization of glycerol, primary byproduct of biodiesel production, is important to enhance process economics. In our recent prior work, it was shown that glycerol can be converted to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional catalysts, containing a noble metal supported on H‐ZSM‐5. Over Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst, an optimal ～60% yield of hydrocarbon fuels was obtained. In the present work, based on experimental data over Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst, a lumped reaction network and kinetic model are developed. Using differential kinetic experiments over the temperature range 300–450°C, the rate constants, reaction orders, and activation energies are obtained for each reaction step. The predicted values match well with experimental data for glycerol conversion up to ～90%. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5445–5451, 2017     

Hydrodeoxygenation of HMF over Pt/C in a continuous flow reactor

The three‐phase hydrodeoxygenation reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with H₂ was studied over a 10 wt % Pt/C catalyst using both batch and flow reactors, with ethanol, 1‐propanol, and toluene solvents. The reaction is shown to be sequential, with HMF reacting first to furfuryl ethers and other partially hydrogenated products. These intermediate products then form dimethyl furan (DMF), which in turn reacts further to undesired products. Furfuryl ethers were found to react to DMF much faster than HMF, explaining the higher reactivity of HMF when alcohol solvents were used. With the optimal residence time, it was possible to achieve yields approaching 70% in the flow reactor with the Pt/C catalyst. Much higher selectivities and yields were obtained in the flow reactor than in the batch reactor because side products are formed sequentially, rather than in parallel, demonstrating the importance of choosing the correct type of reactor in catalyst screening. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 590–597, 2015     

Alloying in platinum-based catalysts for gasoline reforming: A general structural proposal

Platinum/alumina catalysts have been used for many years in the process of gasoline octane upgrading normally referred to as reforming. It is now standard industrial practice to add another element to the catalyst, which may be chosen from many parts of the periodic table, and which acts to prolong the life and improve the selectivity of the catalyst. Additives in use include gallium, germanium, iridium, tin, rhenium and chromium. It is proposed that each of these components alloys with the platinum, but in such a way that the exposed surface of the catalyst particles continues to be wholly platinum. The alloying element is enriched in the immediate subsurface layer, and modifies the properties of the catalyst through an electronic interaction.     

植物油加氢脱氧催化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来植物油加氢脱氧催化剂的研究进展,包括植物油加氢脱氧反应机理、催化剂活性组分和载体的选择与改性、本体型催化剂的开发以及加氢脱氧催化剂的稳定性等研究进展;指出目前存在的主要问题为催化剂的活性低和水热稳定性差,因此开发具有适宜酸性质和孔结构的高活性和良好水热稳定性的加氢脱氧催化剂是今后研究的重点。     

重整催化剂铂晶粒的再分散

本文对部分失活重整催化剂铂晶粒的再分散进行了研究, 重点考察了水/氯比等因素对铂晶粒重新分散的影响。结果表明, 在515 ℃、水/氯比为5~20的条件下, 样品的分散度可以从0.4提高到0.85以上。通过对再生过程中铂氧化态的研究, 就铂晶粒的重新分散机理进行了初步探讨。     

甘油氢解合成1,2-丙二醇铜锌铝催化剂的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了铜锌铝类水滑石前驱体,经焙烧和还原后制得铜基催化剂。采用XRD、H₂-TPR、H₂-TPD、NH₃-TPD和CO₂-TPD等表征手段并结合甘油氢解反应评价,研究了类水滑石前驱体的老化对催化剂结构和性能的影响,考察了反应条件对催化剂甘油氢解反应性能的影响。结果表明,老化有利于形成结构更为完整的类水滑石前驱体,但对铜物种的还原性能未造成显著影响。与由未老化前驱体制备的催化剂相比,由老化前驱体制备的铜锌铝催化剂具有较大Cu表面及较大酸量,但表面碱中心数量较低,从而该催化剂具有较好的甘油氢解活性及稳定性。在220 ℃、H₂压力3.0 MPa、n(H₂)/n(甘油)为18.9、甘油重时空速1.26 h^-1及质量分数为60%甘油水溶液的条件下,经老化前驱体制备的铜锌铝催化剂上甘油转化率接近100%、1, 2-丙二醇选择性约为96%。     

甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇催化剂研究进展

随着生物质甘油下游综合利用研究的兴起,甘油氢解反应已成为研究热点。甘油氢解反应工艺的关键技术是氢解催化剂,对近年来甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇的催化剂研究进展进行综述。通过分析甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇催化剂的组成和工业应用情况,对未来可能实现工业化的催化剂体系前景进行展望。     

甘油水相重整制氢研究进展

甘油作为生物柴油的副产物,当前的产能严重过剩。甘油制氢,尤其是通过水相重整（APR）制取可以供燃料电池直接使用的高品质氢气,是提高甘油附加值、降低生物柴油成本的重要途径和手段。本文简述了当前生物柴油及其副产物甘油的生产,阐述了甘油的水相重整制氢反应,详细介绍了甘油水相重整制氢反应的热力学和动力学影响因素。分别从催化剂的贵金属活性组分、非贵金属活性组分和载体等三方面对甘油水相重整制氢反应进行了详细的综述,最后提出了双金属催化剂可能具有优异的催化甘油水相重整制氢性能。     

以类水滑石为前体的铜基催化剂催化甘油氢解反应

以Cu-Zn-Al和Cu-Mg-Al类水滑石为前体经焙烧、还原制备了铜基催化剂,采用XRD、H2-TPR、N2吸附、H2-TPD、NH3-TPD、CO2-TPD及活性评价等方法,研究了M2+离子(M2+=Zn2+或Mg2+)及n(M2+)/n(Al3+)比对催化剂结构和甘油氢解反应性能的影响。结果表明,经450℃焙烧后,类水滑石转变为由尖晶石和/或氧化物组成的氧化态前驱体,再经270℃还原后制得高分散Cu催化剂。随氧化铝含量提高,催化剂比表面及酸量增加。Cu-Zn-Al催化剂表面氢吸附量大于CuMg-Al。Cu-Mg-Al催化剂碱性强于Cu-Zn-Al。Cu-Zn-Al[n(Cu)∶n(Zn)∶n(Al)=1∶1∶4]催化剂具有较佳甘油氢解活性及1,2-丙二醇选择性,这与其具有较多表面铜中心、较大酸量及Zn物种参与氢吸附有关。此外,Cu-Mg-Al催化剂表面铜中心和碱中心可能存在协同作用促进甘油氢解反应。     

甘油催化氢解制1,2-丙二醇的研究进展

综述了甘油催化氢解制1,2-丙二醇的研究进展。除了Ru、Cu等催化剂,Ag和Co催化剂也对甘油氢解反应有催化活性。载体、制备方法以及使用环境等都对催化剂性能有一定影响。其中,Cu催化剂价格相对低廉,对1,2-丙二醇选择性较高,可回收利用,满足工业化需求。最后对原位氢解机理和直接氢解机理进行解释说明。