Osteoporosis. Bone mass, fractures, treatment and compliance

Following bone mineral mass measurement on 4,960 women, a follow-up study showed that the women who came from the rural area around Trondheim had higher, age-adjusted bone mass and fewer fractures than those from the Oslo area, thus suggesting a geographic difference in bone mass and fracture risk. The differences in fracture rate were explained by the difference in mean bone mass in the two populations. The majority of the women with the lowest bone mass had started medical intervention, and the compliance was higher than 80%. It was highest among those women with the lowest bone mass. Because the patients had had the bone mineral measurements carried out on their own initiative, they are being followed up by their own doctors. However, there may be a need for closer individual follow-up of those who have the lowest bone mass.     

Transient osteoporosis of the foot. Bone marrow edema in 4 cases studied with MRI

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether there is more psychological distress among recipients of Bj?rk-Shiley convexo-concave (BScc) valves than among recipients of other valves not known to fracture. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. PATIENTS: 137 patients who received either a BScc valve or a Sorin Biomedical spherical valve during a randomised trial between 1982 and 1983 at St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein. Systematic notification of the risk of strut fracture in recipients of BScc valves was carried out at St Antonius Hospital in 1991. MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological distress as assessed with the General Severity Index from the Symptom Checklist 90. RESULTS: Psychological distress between recipients of BScc and Sorin valves did not differ irrespective of whether the recipients knew their valve type. More recipients of BScc valves, however, knew their valve type and of problems associated with artificial heart valves. CONCLUSIONS: Information about an increased risk of strut fracture does not induce psychological distress among well informed recipients of BScc valves. All recipients of heart valves should be systematically informed about their valve type--for example, by issuing data cards with valve serial numbers and other relevant information.     

Quality of life in osteoporosis: reliability, consistency, and validity of the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability, consistency, and clinical utility of the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQ), an AIMS2 based self-assessment questionnaire. METHODS: Reliability of individual questions, scales, and domains were evaluated in 40 subjects by test-retest and intraclass correlation coefficients and internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was evaluated by disease state. The relationships between domains and scales were modeled by confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Mean kappa (79 questions) and intraclass correlation (18 health scales) coefficients were 0.58+/-0.16 (mean+/-SD) and 0.82+/-0.07, respectively. Internal consistency was greater than 0.8 in all but 3 scales. Construct validity was confirmed. Patients with hip fracture recorded lower OPAQ scores than patients with vertebral fracture. Correlation and confirmatory factor analyses grouped the 18 health scales into 7 domains. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that OPAQ is a reliable, consistent, and valid instrument capable of distinguishing hierarchy of functional loss in disease states in osteoporosis.     

树立科学发展观 促进企业持续发展

根据企业面临新的发展机遇，按照科学发展观，对促进企业持续发展进行了探索，提出了实现的途径。     

关于甘肃冶金有色工业加快发展方式转变的几点思考

通过分析冶金有色工业在甘肃省经济社会的优势地位、存在的突出问题,提出了增强自主创新能力、抓好节能减排、发展循环经济、提高资源综合利用等加快发展方式转变的思路、对策和措施．     

Bone ultrasound and diagnosis of osteoporosis: correlation of 2 quantitative ultrasound methods with bone density

In this study, 96 women (mean +/- SD, 65.3 +/- 13.2 years) were investigated by bone mineral densitometry (DXA, Hologic QDR 2000) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the tibia (n = 96; Sound-Scan2000, Myriad) and phalanges (n = 84: DBM Sonic 1200, IGEA). We observed a good correlation of QUS measurement with bone mineral content (BMD) on lumbar spine and both hips (Ward and Neck). Correlation of the two QUS-techniques measuring at different skeletal sites within the same patient was good. QUS instruments measuring at the various skeletal sites and their suitability for screening patients at risk of osteoporosis are discussed. The usefulness of the different QUS methods and the best measuring site for the assessment of fracture risk in osteoporotic patients still have to be established.     

Detecting osteoporosis. Beyond the history and physical examination

A number of developments are contributing to clinicians' understanding of osteoporosis as a clinical continuum characterized by low bone mass and increased risk of fractures rather than as a disease characterized by fragility fractures. With improved capability for accurate measurement of bone mass, the prevalence of this disease has increased to include at least 25 million Americans. The responsibility of primary care physicians to detect and treat osteoporosis has increased accordingly. Parents should be counseled regarding their children's diet and lifestyle to optimize peak adult bone mass and ensure adequate dietary calcium intake. Adults should be counseled to minimize behaviors that result in accelerated bone loss (e.g., smoking, alcohol use, anorexia, bulimia). Physicians need to be aware of the serious potential complications of osteoporosis and offer counseling to menopausal women about the disease and the benefits and risks of hormone replacement and estrogen replacement therapy. Physicians should be familiar with technologies available in their community for measuring bone mass and recognize the need to consider prescribing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for patients with low bone mass or osteoporosis. Physicians also can educate caregivers about prevention of falls and fractures in elderly patients who are unsteady on their feet. Improved technologies for bone mass measurement and fracture risk assessment, as well as expanded options for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, are likely to become available within the next 5 to 10 years, thereby increasing the wisdom of early detection and treatment of osteoporosis.     

强化高技能人才培训走人才强企之路

为建设一支以技师和高级技师为核心、高级工为主体、工种配套、结构合理的高技能人才队伍，建立健全了技能人才的培训体系、培训鉴定模式，采用多种方式，加大技能人才的培训力度，建立激励机制。     

Guangxi Speeds up the Development of 300,000 tonnes Recycled Aluminum Project

【正】The reporter learned from Guangxi Wuzhou Municipal government that at present, the construction of Guangxi Nonferrous Metals Group’s 300,000 tonnes recycled ...     

加速国内电弧炉工艺技术的发展

提出以紧凑式电炉流程模式对国内电炉钢厂进行改造，以及加强大型电炉冶炼工艺技术研究的建议。     

推动信息化进程,加快冶金企业发展

介绍了天津天钢集团计算机管理信息系统局域网工程及其设计思想、设计方案、软硬件配置。     

加速我国低合金钢生产的发展

１对钢材产品的反映和要求１．１石油天然气我国石油天然气钻井由东部转向中西部，由大陆转向海洋，井深由１０００～３０００ｍ发展到５０００～７０００ｍ。“八五”期间，每年钻井１万口左右，平均进尺１５６０万ｍ，消耗钢材８５．７万ｔ，其中采用各种国产石油管材２...     

关于加快我国镁工业的发展问题

本文介绍了镁及镁合金的特性及用途，阐述了世界镁工业的发展历史与现状，分析了我国镁工业的现状及存在的主要问题，对如何加快发展我国的镁工业提出了几点建议。     

关于加快长春文教事业改革与发展的若干思考

长春市推进文教事业改革与发展,要围绕构建教育强市谋划教育发展,促进教育公平、实施素质教育、办好职业教育;要以创建国家公共文化服务体系示范区助推文化发展繁荣,加快公共文化服务体系建设、加强对文化产品创作生产的引导;要以创建建设健康城市引领卫生等各项事业发展,实施健康长春三年行动计划、积极发展全民健身事业;要加强和创新文教事业管理,解决好公共服务的缺位问题、文教事业管理的"错位"问题、事业政策的"虚位"问题和文教事业质量的"品位"问题.     

走出误区突破瓶颈提升研发水平--探讨提高有色机械装备技术水平的研发之路

在分析我国有色机械设备企业中存在的主要问题的基础上,讨论有色机械设备国产化与研发中的思想误区、技术瓶颈和开发模式等问题,阐述在新环境下如何提高我国有色机械设备的技术水平的途径.     

我国钨工业必须加快发展循环经济

介绍了循环经济产生的历史背景,循环经济的基本内涵,我国发展循环经济的重要性和紧迫性;阐述了联系我国钨工业发展实际得到的启示、反思和忧虑;对我国钨工业发展循环经济提出了初步建议。