环氧脂肪酸钙的直接法合成及其对PVC的热稳定作用

以一种简便的方法制备了环氧基保留完好的高纯度环氧脂肪酸钙,研究发现环氧脂肪酸钙对聚氯乙烯（PVC）的热稳定作用类似于硬脂酸钙,具有长期热稳定性的特征;但其热稳定效能明显优于后者,且具有较好的初期着色性.     

环氧脂肪酸钙的直接法合成及其对PVC热稳定作用的研究

以一种简便的方法制备了环氧基保留完好的高纯度环氧脂肪酸钙,研究发现环氧脂肪酸钙对聚氯乙烯的热稳定作用类似于硬脂酸钙,具有长期热稳定性的特征,但其热稳定效能明显优于后者,且具有较好的初期着色性。     

环氧脂肪酸钙/锌的直接合成法及其热稳定作用

以一种简便的方法制备了环氧基保留完好的高纯度环氧脂肪酸钙/锌，并对其热稳定性进行了研究。研究表明，环氧脂肪酸钙/锌对聚氯乙烯（PVC）的热稳定作用类似于硬脂酸钙/锌，但其热稳定效能明显优于后者，环氧脂肪酸钙比硬脂酸钙具有较好的初期着色性，环氧脂肪酸锌较硬脂酸锌具有较长的“锌烧”时间。     

环氧脂肪酸钙/锌的直接合成法及其对PVC热稳定作用的研究

以一种简使的方法制备了环氧基保留完好的高纯度环氧脂肪酸钙／锌，研究发现环氧脂肪酸钙／锌对聚氯乙烯（PVC）的热稳定作用类似于硬脂酸钙／锌，但其热稳定效能明显优于后者，且具有较好的初期着色性。可用于无毒制品，具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

环氧油酸钙(锌)的合成及在PVC中的应用

以油酸、甲酸和双氧水为原料合成了环氧油酸,经复分解反应制得了环氧油酸钙(锌)盐,将其作为热稳定剂应用于PVC中,通过电导率、热老化以及热失重测试来考察环氧油酸钙(锌)的热稳定特性。研究结果表明:环氧油酸钙具有长期热稳定性,环氧油酸锌具有初期热稳定性,当环氧油酸锌/环氧油酸钙的比例为1∶3时,PVC的热稳定效果最好。     

硬脂酸钙及其复合热稳定剂对PVDC热稳定性能的影响

用刚果红法测定了硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钙/环氧大豆油和硬脂酸钙/甲基锡热稳定剂对PVDC降解时脱氯化氢的影响.结果表明:硬脂酸钙/环氧大豆油、硬脂酸钙/甲基锡复合热稳定剂的组成分别为2:1和3:1时,具有最佳的协同效应.三种热稳定剂对PVDC降解时释放氯化氢的抑制能力为硬脂酸钙<硬脂酸钙/环氧大豆油<硬脂酸钙/甲基锡,PVD...     

钙/锌盐复合热稳定剂对CPE高温脱氯化氢的影响

采用刚果红试验法研究钙/锌盐复合热稳定剂对氯化聚乙烯(CPE)脱氯化氢热降解性的影响.结果表明.硬脂酸钙/硬脂酸锌复合热稳定剂与辅助稳定剂环氧大豆油和亚磷酸酯配合使用后具有比普通钙/锌盐更好的稳定效果;当硬脂酸钙/硬脂酸锌并用比为5 : 1,用量为5份,环氧大豆油和亚磷酸酯用量分别为5和1份时,CPE的热稳定性最好.     

由生物柴油合成环氧脂肪酸钙及在PVC中应用

报道了利用生物柴油制备环氧脂肪酸钙的方法,用刚果红试验、热烘试验、转矩流变仪混炼试验测试环氧脂肪酸钙作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)稳定剂的热稳定性能,同时分析其红外吸收光谱,测试其在应用于PVC时制品的力学性能,并与硬脂酸钙进行比较。结果表明:利用生物柴油制备环氧脂肪酸钙能改进工艺、降低成本;制备的环氧脂肪酸钙的热稳定性大于硬脂酸钙的,应用于PVC时制品的力学性能也好于使用硬脂酸钙的;可替代硬脂酸钙作为高效、无毒的PVC主稳定剂使用。     

钙皂及其复合热稳定剂对PVDC降解时释放氯化氢的影响

用刚果红法测定了硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钙/环氧大豆油和硬脂酸钙/甲基锡热稳定剂对PVDC降解时脱氯化氢的影响。结果表明:三种热稳定剂对PVDC降解时释放氯化氢的抑制能力为硬脂酸钙硬脂酸钙/环氧大豆油硬脂酸钙/甲基锡,PVDC的刚果红试纸变色时间分别达到24min、28min和30min。硬脂酸钙/环氧大豆油、硬脂酸钙/甲基锡复合热稳定剂的组成分别为2:1和3:1时,具有最佳的协同效应。     

桐酸基三元酸钙盐制备及对PVC热稳定性的研究

以C22三元酸单甲酯(MEMAA)为原料、无水乙醇为溶剂,然后和氢氧化钠和氯化钙发生复分解反应合成了桐酸基三元酸钙盐.用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对合成产物进行表征,以刚果红法、热老化烘箱法和热重(TG)分析法考察其作为PVC热稳定剂时的热稳定性,并对其热稳定机理进行了初探.结果表明,桐酸基三元酸钙盐作为PVC热稳定剂能够中和吸收PVC热降解所产生HC1,从而减缓PVC的脱HC1速率;与二聚脂肪酸钙相比,桐酸基三元酸钙盐使PVC具有更好的热稳定性.     

Dissolution Study of Salt of Long Chain Fatty Acids (Soap Scum) in Surfactant Solutions. Part I: Equilibrium Dissolution

Dissolution of calcium salt of a long chain fatty acid or soap scum is a major challenge for hard surface cleaners since soap scum forms when soap is exposed to hard water and has very low water solubility. In this paper, the aqueous equilibrium solubility of calcium octadecanoate (or calcium stearate) was measured as a function of pH as well as chelating agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetate disodium salt) and surfactant concentrations. Anionic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants were studied. The highest soap scum solubility was observed at high pH with an amphoteric surfactant. Under this condition, the chelant effectively binds calcium, and the stearate anion forms mixed micelles well with the amphoteric surfactant, which is in zwitterionic form at high pH.     

环氧脂肪酸稀土的合成及其对PVC热稳定作用的研究

制备了环氧基保留完好的高纯度环氧脂肪酸稀土。研究发现环氧脂肪酸稀土对PVC的热稳定作用类似于硬脂酸稀土，具有长期型热稳定剂的特征，但其热稳定效能明显优于后者，可代替硫醇辛基锡达50%而不降低热稳定性，而硬脂酸稀土只能代替约25%。     

Krafft Temperature,Critical Micelle Concentration,and Rheology of “Pseudo-Gemini” Surfactant Comprising Fatty Acid Soap and Bola-Type Quaternary Ammonium Salt

Bola-type quaternary ammonium salt can bridge with two fatty acid soaps through electrostatic attraction to form a pseudogemini surfactant, which enhances the solution viscosity. In this work, the effects of the building blocks (spacer and hydrophobic chain) of a pseudogemini surfactant on the Krafft temperature, critical micelle concentration, and rheological properties were investigated. The results revealed that the addition of bola-type salt obviously decreased the Krafft temperature of sodium stearate (C₁₈ONa), and a bola-type salt bearing a large benzene ring (Bola2be) was more effective than the one bearing an ethyl group (Bola2et) or a hydroxyethyl group (Bola2hy). When bola-type salt is mixed with fatty acid soap at a fixed molar ratio of 1:2, a pseudogemini surfactant forms in situ, and the viscosity of the solution is significantly enhanced by the formation of a worm-like micelle (WLM) network. The stronger the hydrophobicity of the bola-type salt or the tail of the fatty acid soap, the lower the critical overlapping and micelle concentrations, and the stronger is the ability to enhance viscosity. However, pseudogemini surfactants that use sodium stearate as a monomer show similar self-assembly abilities to those using sodium oleate as a monomer. In addition, the WLM formed by pseudogemini surfactants composed of Bola2be and sodium stearate or sodium oleate were liable to branch at high concentrations.     

Thermal stabilisation of PVC with metal soaps of Khaya seed oil

Khaya seed meal was extracted with n-hexane. The oil obtained had an iodine value of 68.0 g I₂/100 g, an acid value of 24.0 mg KOH/100 g, free fatty acid 7.64 wt.-%, and a peroxide value of 26.0 meq/kg. The fatty acid profile of the oil showed that oleic acid (54.34 wt.-%), palmitic acid (19.05 wt.-%) and stearic acid (10.42 wt.-%) were the major fatty acid components of the seed oil. Barium, calcium, cadmium, lead and zinc soaps of the seed oil and of its epoxidised derivative were prepared using the precipitation method and the thermal stability examined by thermogravimetry. The stabilising effect of the metal soaps of Khaya seed oil on the thermal degradation of PVC was assessed at 180°C and 190°C from measurements of rates of dehydrochlorination at 1% degradation and of the time required for degradation to attain 1% dehydrochlorination conversion, and changes in intrinsic viscosity and in the levels of unsaturation of the degraded PVC samples. It was found that the metal soaps of Khaya seed oil were effective in stabilising PVC against non-oxidative and oxidative thermal degradation and that the stabilisation effectiveness was of the order: metal soaps of the epoxidised seed oil > metal soaps of the unepoxidised seed oil > seed oil.     

环氧大豆油对软PVC性能影响的研究

研究了环氧大豆油对软聚氯乙烯(PVC)性能的影响。实验表明,铅盐和有机锡的热稳定性较好,单独使用硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、环氧大豆油或不足量的有机锡热稳定剂时,PVC样品很快变色。环氧大豆油与硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、有机锡热稳定剂并用时,环氧大豆油具有很好的协同效应;但环氧大豆油和硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌不能简单替代有机锡稳定剂。热重分析证明了不同热稳定剂的效果。作为辅助增塑剂,环氧大豆油用量应低于5份。     

Effect of metal stearate antacid on the melt stabilization performance of phenolic/phosphite antioxidants in metallocene LLDPE. Part 2: Discoloration

The first part of this series of papers indicated that the melt stabilization performance of phenol/phosphite/metal stearate combinations in metallocene LLDPE (mLLDPE) was influenced by the purity of the fatty acid salt. In this second part, it is shown that the quality of the metal stearate has a direct influence on the discoloration of the aforementioned formulations in the melt state. On the basis of the peroxide and oxide impurity levels in the metal stearates (Part 1), it is suggested that discoloration is directly related to the formation of oxidative transformation products of the phenolic antioxidant. Furthermore, it was observed that the calcium stearates discolored upon aging in air at processing temperatures, while zinc stearates did not. Such discoloration is believed to be partly due to the combination of high levels of conjugated systems consisting of unsaturation and carbonyl groups formed during aging. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 10:144–148, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Solubility of calcium soaps of gum rosin,rosin acids and fatty acids

Summary The solubility of calcium soaps of rosin acids and fatty acids have been determined and compared. The solubility of calcium soaps of rosin acids (d-pimaric, dihydroabietic, and l-abietic acids) present in gum rosin was found to be greater than that of the calcium soaps of the following saturated fatty acids: lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids. The calcium oleate was much more soluble than the calcium stearate. As the amount of hydrogen in the rosin acid molecule is increased, l-abietic to dihydroabietic to tetrahydroabietic acid, the solubility of the calcium soap is decreased. The author wishes to express his indebtedness to Dr. G. S. Jamieson and W. G. Rose of the Agricultural Chemical Research Division for the pure lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid used in this study.