尖晶石型Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4纳米晶体的?制备及电磁性能研究

以金属离子的柠檬酸盐为前驱体,通过sol-gel自燃烧的合成方法制备了镍锌铁氧体(Nio.8Zno.2Fe2O4)纳米晶体.采用FT-IR、DSC-TG、XRD、TEM波导等方法对产物以及产物的电磁性能进行了表征.结果表明,在前驱体中,金属离子与柠檬酸以络合物的形式存在.凝胶在220℃完成自燃烧反应.随着热处理温度的升高,粉体的粒径逐渐增大.纳米晶体在8～12GHz的测试条件下具有介电损耗与磁损耗.随着涂层厚度的增加,混合媒质的微波反射率逐渐增加,反射率吸收峰随着厚度的增加向低频移动.     

溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法合成La 9.33Si 6O26超细粉体

用柠檬酸和乙二醇做络合剂和燃料,硝酸盐做氧化剂,用氨水调节溶胶pH值,通过溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法一步合成了可用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的新型固体电解质La9.33Si6O26.用XRD、TEM等分析方法对合成粉体进行了物相测定与形貌观察,并初步考察了粉体的烧结性能.结果表明:通过工艺参数的有效设计,溶胶-凝胶和自燃烧过程可以在短时间内达到合成所需要的高温,一步合成粒径约为150～300 nm的单相La9.33Si6O26超细粉体,其烧结温度比固相法制备的粉体的烧结温度约低200℃.     

控温活化燃烧合成α-Si3N4的动力学研究

采用控温活化手段实现了燃烧合成α-Si3N4粉末.通过对反应温度特征曲线的分析,得出了Si-N体系的一系列燃烧反应动力学参数,包括燃烧波速、升温速率、绝热温升、惰性温升时间、惰性温降时间和转化率等,另外采用波速法和转化率法计算了该反应体系的活化能.这些参数将为进一步研究该反应的机理、优化燃烧合成工艺提供指导.     

燃烧法合成的纳米α-Al2O3晶格热膨胀系数研究

采用动态高温粉晶X射线衍射技术,对燃烧法合成的纳米α-Al2O3从室温到1100℃之间的晶格热膨胀系数进行了测定.实验结果表明在测试温度范围内,纳米α-Al2O3的晶胞参数与温度呈线性关系.燃烧法合成的纳米α-Al2O3的晶胞参数随温度的变化符合关系式△a/(a0△T)=7.27×10-6/℃、△c/(c0△T)=7.50×10-6/℃和△V/(V0△T)=21.92×10-6/℃.     

燃烧合成法制备CaB6的研究

以CaO、B2O3、Mg粉为原料燃烧合成制备了CaB6粉末.考察了不同反应体系的差热曲线,采用XRD、SEM以及粒度分析技术对燃烧产物、浸出产物进行了表征.结果表明:Mg-B2O3-CaO反应体系872℃附近放热峰的表观活化能E=15.71kJ·mol-1,反应级数n=1.1,反应的表观活化能很小,说明合成CaB6的反应容易发生.燃烧产物由MgO、CaB6以及少量的Mg3B2O6和Ca3B2O6等组成,在空气中进行燃烧合成反应并不生成氮化物;燃烧产物经硫酸浸出处理后CaB6纯度达92.5%;随着制样压力的增大,CaB6粒度逐渐变小.     

溶液燃烧法合成Co3O4纳米粉体及热处理研究

分别以氨基乙酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖为燃料,Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为氧化剂,采用溶液燃烧法合成Co_3O_4粉体,并对氨基乙酸为燃料合成的Co_3O_4粉体在500℃、600℃和700℃热处理,研究其结构、微观形貌和磁学性能。研究表明各燃料配制的前驱体溶液在300℃均可发生燃烧反应合成Co_3O_4粉体,以氨基乙酸为燃料时,合成粉体的颗粒较大,中间有气孔,分散性好,残留少量的氨基乙酸。n(氨基乙酸)∶n(硝酸钴)=1.11∶1时合成的Co_3O_4粉体600℃热处理后得到了高纯度、分散性好、平均径向尺寸80nm的Co_3O_4纳米粉体。以氨基乙酸为燃料合成的Co_3O_4产物在600℃和700℃热处理后,其矫顽力和剩磁值都比500℃热处理后的要小。     

工艺条件对低温燃烧/水热法合成纳米羟基磷灰石的影响

以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、(NH4)2HPO4和柠檬酸为原料,浓硝酸为溶剂,NH4NO3为助燃剂,采用低温燃烧/水热法能够快速合成羟基磷灰石纳米粉体.通过对不同工艺条件下得到的试样进行XRD、SEM等分析,研究了柠檬酸和NH4NO3的加入量对燃烧反应的影响,以及水热处理的温度和时间对水热反应的影响.研究结果表明,选择合理的工艺条件能够快速合成高纯度的羟基磷灰石纳米粉体.     

聚合物分解法合成BaSm 2Ti 4 O 12

以BaCO3、Sm（NO3）3及Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，采用柠檬酸盐前驱体法制备BaSm2 Ti4O12并与草酸盐共沉淀法制备BaSm2 Ti4O12粉体过程作了比较．结果发现，利用聚合物分解法，可以在1000℃的较低温度下得到单相结晶的BaSm2 Ti4O12，而草酸盐沉淀法则需要1300℃的高温才能合成纯的BaSm2 Ti4O12相．研究表明，这两种液相法所需合成温度相差很大，是由于不同的相演化过程及反应步骤所致．在共沉淀法中，当煅烧前驱体时，中间相Sm2 Ti2O7与BaTi4O9和BaTiO3反应生成BaSm2 Ti4O12相，其过程与固相法相类似．而在聚合物分解法中，前驱体在热分解过程中生成BaTi2O5相，导致了与固相过程完全不同的反应机制，促进了BaSm2 Ti4O12相的形成．     

尖晶石型LiMn2O4的凝胶燃烧法制备

以硝酸锂、硝酸锰和柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备成前驱体,将该前驱体在空气环境下燃烧得到的粉料在600～900℃焙烧一定时间得到尖晶石型晶体结构的LiMn2O4(空间群为Fd3m)。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重-差热分析(TG/DTA)对前驱体及合成的样品进行了测试分析和表征。研究了焙烧温度、时间以及锂锰摩尔比(n(Li)/n(Mn))R等对合成样品的相组成、晶体结构和微观形貌等的影响。合成高纯尖晶石型LiMn2O4的优化条件为焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间10h,R=1.1/2。     

不同条件锰锌铁氧体纳米晶形成机理及物性研究

硝酸盐-柠檬酸溶胶凝胶低温燃烧合成获得锰锌铁氧体(MZF)纳米晶.采用TG-DTA、XRD、VSM对前驱体凝胶燃烧过程及产物磁性能进行表征.结果表明,凝胶pH值不同,反应自燃燃点温度也不同,约变化12℃.气氛对于280℃前凝胶热分解过程没有影响,但在280℃后对物相形成有较大影响.pH值调节剂种类对凝胶燃烧进程,反应剧烈程度及磁性能有很大影响,且可以通过调节剂的种类得到不同粒径的纳米晶锰锌铁氧体粉体.     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.