Fabrication of Tia SiC2 modified C/C - SiC composites by liquid silicon infiltration

采用浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透法原位生成高韧性Ti3SiC2基体,制备Ti3SiC2改性C／C—SiC复合材料。研究了TiC颗粒的引入对熔融Si浸渗效果的影响,分析了Ti3SiC2改性C／C-SiC复合材料的微结构和力学性能。实验结果表明：TiC与熔融si反应生成Ti3SiC2是可行的,而且c的存在更有利于生成Ti3SiC2;在含TiC颗粒的C／C预制体孔隙（平均孔径22．3μm）内,熔融si的渗透深度1min内可达10．8cm;Ti3SiC2取代残余Si后提高了C／C-SiC复合材料的力学性能,C／C-SiC-Ti3SiC2复合材料的弯曲强度达203MPa,断裂韧性达到8．8MPa·m^[1/2];对于厚度为20rllm的试样,不同渗透深度处材料均具有相近的相成分、密度和力学性能,无明显微结构梯度存在,表明所采用的浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透工艺适用于制备厚壁Ti3SiC2改性C／C-SiC复合材料构件。     

TaC/Ti3SiC2复合材料的制备与性能

采用反应热压烧结法制备了TaC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料,借助XRD、SEM、能谱仪以及热重分析等,研究了TaC含量对TaC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料的相组成、显微结构、力学性能和抗氧化性的影响。结果表明: 采用反应热压烧结法可以制备出致密的TaC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料,该复合材料的主晶相为Ti₃SiC₂和TaTiC₂,还含有少量的TiC;随着TaC含量的增加,TaC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性呈现先增大后降低的变化趋势,当TaC含量为30wt%时,二者均达到最大值,此时弯曲强度为404 MPa,断裂韧性为4.10 MPa·m^1/2;TaC的引入,使TaC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料抗氧化性能明显优于Ti₃SiC₂材料。     

液硅渗透法制备SiBC改性C/CSiC复合材料

为了降低液硅渗透法制备C/C-SiC复合材料中残留Si的含量, 采用浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透工艺制备B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃改性C/C-SiC复合材料。通过分析不同比例B₄C-Si体系在不同温度的反应产物, 确定了B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃的生成条件。结果表明: B₄C和Si在1300℃开始反应, 生成少量B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃和SiC, 且B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃的生成量随反应温度的升高而增加; 当B₄C和Si的摩尔比为3:1、 反应温度为1500℃ 时, 产物为B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃和SiC; 液硅渗透法制备的C/C-SiC复合材料相组成为非晶态C、 β-SiC和B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃, 未见残留Si。     

Ti3SiC2/Cu复合材料的制备与摩擦磨损性能

以Ti₃SiC₂陶瓷粉和Cu粉作为原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺制备Ti₃SiC₂/Cu块体复合材料,研究不同Ti₃SiC₂添加含量及烧结温度对Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的组织、致密度和显微硬度的影响,研究SPS后Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。研究表明:采用SPS工艺制备的Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的Ti₃SiC₂在Cu中分布均匀,但随着Ti₃SiC₂含量的增加和烧结温度的升高,组织中出现团聚趋势,部分Ti₃SiC₂与Cu在界面处发生互溶现象,互溶增强了Ti₃SiC₂与基体的结合能力;Ti₃SiC₂含量和烧结温度对Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的致密度和显微硬度影响较大,当烧结温度为900℃时,Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的致密度达到99.7%,接近完全致密,Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的硬度较纯Cu提高了2倍左右;对于不同Ti₃SiC₂含量的Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的磨损机制也有所差异,当Ti₃SiC₂含量较低时(1vol%~5vol%),磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损;随着Ti₃SiC₂含量的增加(10vol%~15vol%),Ti₃SiC₂发挥了本身的自润滑性,Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能有所改善,磨损机制转为犁削磨损和轻微黏着磨损;当Ti₃SiC₂含量增加到20vol%时,Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的磨损表面变得均匀而平整,表明Ti₃SiC₂/Cu复合材料的耐磨性提高。      

Ti3SiC2含量对Ag-Ti3SiC2电接触材料电弧烧蚀行为的影响(英文)

本实验全面研究了Ti₃SiC₂含量对Ag-Ti₃SiC₂接触材料电弧烧蚀行为的影响;Ag-Ti₃SiC₂复合材料经10 kV电弧烧蚀被分解氧化并形成AgO,TiO₂和SiO₂,在阴极表面形成突起、气孔、剥离和褶皱。随着Ti₃SiC₂含量的增加,电弧在Ag-Ti₃SiC₂复合材料烧蚀表面上分散激溅。在复合材料中加入30 vol.%的Ti₃SiC₂,Ti₃SiC₂的锁住效应可以将熔融的Ag封锁,有效地降低Ag基体的飞溅现象和电弧烧蚀对接触材料的侵蚀效应。     

无压熔渗制备TiC/Ti3SiC2复合材料高速载流摩擦磨损性能

采用无压熔渗反应烧结技术制备了TiC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料,通过HST-100型载流摩擦磨损试验机,在60~90 m/s滑动速度范围内,对TiC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料的高速载流摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：当与HSLA80配副时,TiC/Ti₃SiC₂的摩擦磨损性能与摩擦速度和TiC含量呈现出一定的相关性。当摩擦速度小于80 m/s时,摩擦表面出现具有减磨作用的熔融状态的均匀分布氧化膜（FeTiO₃和Fe_2.35Ti_0.65O₄）,呈现山脊及犁沟状形貌,磨损机制以磨粒切削磨损、氧化磨损及粘着磨损为主;当摩擦速度超过80 m/s时,摩擦表面出现不均匀分布的氧化膜,呈现孤峰状形貌,磨损机制以氧化磨损及电弧烧蚀磨损为主。相同实验条件下,摩擦系数随着TiC含量的增加而增大,磨损率随之降低。     

机械球磨法制备Ti3SiC2 / Al 纳米复合材料

研究了用微米级Ti₃SiC₂ 陶瓷颗粒与Al 粉复合球磨制备纳米复合材料的工艺过程。结果表明, 在其他实验参数相同的条件下, 不同材质的磨球对陶瓷颗粒的细化作用差异很大。采用氧化锆磨球可以使Ti₃SiC₂ 的颗粒更好地细化且均匀分散在Al 基体中, 而用钢球和玛瑙球则易产生混合粉的团聚。用氧化锆球进行球磨后的复合粉在550 ℃的温度及20 MPa 的压力下成功地制备了组织成分均匀的大块纳米复合材料。与同成分的非纳米材料相比, Ti₃SiC₂ / Al 纳米复合材料的硬度从HV60 提高到HV80 , 强度则从110 MPa 提高到150 MPa 。      

素坯密度对气相渗硅制备C/C-SiC复合材料结构与性能的影响

三维针刺碳毡经化学气相渗透(Chemical Vapor Infiltration,CVI)增密制备C/C素坯,通过气相渗硅(Gaseous Silicon Infiltration,GSI)制备C/C-SiC复合材料。研究素坯密度与CVI C层厚度及素坯孔隙率的变化规律,并分析素坯密度对C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能、热学性能的影响。结果表明:随着素坯密度增大,CVI C层变厚,孔隙率减小;C/C-SiC复合材料中残C量随之增大,残余Si量随之减小,SiC先保持较高含量(体积分数约40%),随后迅速降低,C/C-SiC复合材料密度逐渐减小,力学性能先增大后减小,而热导率及热膨胀系数降低至平稳。当素坯密度为1.085g/cm3时,复合材料力学性能最好,弯曲强度可达308.31MPa,断裂韧度为11.36MPa·m1/2。研究发现:素坯孔隙率较大时,渗硅通道足够,残余硅多,且CVI C层较薄,纤维硅蚀严重,C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能低;素坯孔隙率较小时,渗硅通道很快阻塞,Si和SiC含量少,而闭孔大且多,C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能也不高。     

CVI-GSI工艺制备C/C-SiC复合材料的组成结构与力学性能

采用密度为1.0g/cm~3的C/C素坯,联合化学气相渗透(CVI)和气相渗硅(GSI)2种工艺制备C/C-SiC复合材料,研究CVI C/C-SiC复合材料中间体的密度对CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料物相组成、微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着CVI C/C-SiC复合材料中间体密度的增大,CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料C含量增多,残余Si含量减少,SiC含量先增多后减少,CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料的密度先增大后减小;随着CVI C/C-SiC复合材料中间体的密度由1.27g/cm~3增加到1.63g/cm~3时,得到的CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料的力学性能先升高后降低。当CVI C/C-SiC复合材料密度为1.42g/cm~3时,制得的CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能最好,其弯曲强度为247.50MPa,弯曲模量为25.63GPa,断裂韧度为10.08MPa·m~(1/2)。     

Cu/Ti3SiC2体系润湿性及润湿过程的研究

采用座滴法研究了温度及Ti₃SiC₂的两个组成元素Si和Ti对Cu/Ti₃SiC₂体系润湿性的影响。结果表明, Cu与Ti₃SiC₂之间有良好的润湿性, 且润湿过程属于反应性润湿。随着温度的升高, Cu与Ti₃SiC₂间的反应区扩大, 反应层深度增加, 润湿角减小, 温度超过1250℃后反应明显加快, 至1270℃时润湿角降至15.1°。物相分析与微观结构研究表明, Cu/Ti₃SiC₂界面区域发生了化学反应, 反应产物主要为TiC_x和Cu_xSi_y, 同时发生元素的互扩散, 形成反应中间层, 改变体系的界面结构, 促进了Cu和Ti₃SiC₂基体的界面结合, 从而改善了体系的润湿性。在Cu中添加Si抑制了Ti₃SiC₂的分解, 而添加Ti阻碍了Cu向Ti₃SiC₂的渗入, 均不利于Cu/Ti₃SiC₂体系润湿性的改善。     

(SiC,TiB2)/B4C复合材料的烧结机理

研究了在热压条件下制备 (SiC, TiB₂)/ B₄C复合材料的烧结机理。认为烧结助剂的加入使本体系成为液相烧结,同时粉料的微细颗粒对复合材料的烧结致密也有重要贡献。分析和测量了制取的复合材料的相组成、显微结构和力学性能。结果表明,采用B₄C与Si₃N₄和少量SiC、TiC为原料,Al₂O₃＋Y₂O₃为烧结助剂,在烧结温度1800~1880℃,压力30 MPa的热压条件下烧结反应生成了SiC、TiB₂和少量的BN,制取了(SiC, TiB₂)/B₄C复合材料。所形成的晶体显微结构为层片状。制得的试样的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别可达HRA88.6、540 MPa和5.6 MPa·m1/2。      

金刚石表面形成Ti3SiC2的反应机理

采用Ti、Si、TiC、金刚石磨料为原料,通过放电等离子烧结(SPS),制备了Ti3SiC2陶瓷结合剂金刚石材料.研究结果表明,Ti-Si-2TiC试样经SPS加热的过程中位移、位移率和真空度在1200℃时发生明显变化,表明试样发生了物理化学变化.XRD分析结果表明1200℃时试样发生化学反应生成了Ti3SiC2.随着温度升高,试样中Ti3SiC2含量逐渐增加.当烧结温度为1200℃、1300℃、1400℃和1500℃时,产物中Ti3SiC2含量分别为65.9%、79.97%、87.5%和90.1%.在Ti/Si/2TiC粉料中添加适量的金刚石5%和10%进行烧结,并未抑制Ti3SiC2的反应合成.SEM观察表明,金刚石与基体结合紧密,同时其表面生长着发育良好的Ti3SiC2板条状晶粒.提出了一种金刚石表面形成Ti3SiC2的机制,即金刚石表面的碳原子首先与周围的Ti反应生成TiC,然后TiC再与Ti-Si相发生化学反应,生成Ti3SiC2.     

Preparation of TiC/Ni3Al Composites by Upward Melt Infiltration

To whom correspondence should be addressedE-mail: yipan@public.hz.zj.cn1. IntroductionThe intermetallic compound Ni3AI is an attractive structural material for high temperature application because of a high modulus, good oxidation resistance and excellent creep resistanced]. One of themajor problems in the application of binary Ni3AIis its poor room-temperature ductility. Single crystal Ni3AI is ductile, but polycrystalline Ni3AI is brittle due to a severe illtergranular breakage at ambi…     

Effects of microstructure on flexural strength of biomorphic C/SiC composites

Biomorphic C/SiC composites were fabricated from different kinds of wood by liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) following a two-step process. In the first-step, the wood is converted into carbon preforms by pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The carbon preforms are then infiltrated by silicon melt at 1,560°C under vacuum to fabricate C/SiC composites. The mechanical properties of the C/SiC composites were characterized by flexural tests at ambient temperature, 1,000, and 1,300°C, and the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure was analyzed. The flexural strength of the biomorphic composites was strongly dependent on the properties of the carbon preforms and the degree of silicon infiltration. The flexural strength increased with increasing SiC content and bulk density of composite, and with decreasing porosity in the C/SiC composite. An analysis of fractographs of fractured C/SiC composites showed a cleavage type fracture, indicating brittle fracture behavior.     

添加Al对MSI制备C/C-SiC复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

以聚丙烯腈( PAN) 基炭纤维(Cf ) 针刺整体毡为预制体, 用化学气相渗透(CVI) 法制备炭纤维增强炭基体(C/ C) 的多孔坯体, 采用熔融渗硅(MSI) 法制备C/ C-SiC 复合材料, 研究了渗剂中添加Al 对复合材料组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明: C/ C 坯体反应溶渗硅后复合材料的物相组成为SiC 相、C 相及残留Si 相。随着渗剂中Al 量的增加, 材料组成相中的Al 相也增加而其它相减少; SiC 主要分布在炭纤维周围, 残留Si 相分布在远离炭纤维处, 而此处几乎不含Al ; 当渗剂中Al 量由0 增加到10 %时, 复合材料的抗弯强度由116. 7 MPa 增加到175. 4 MPa , 提高了50. 3 % , 断裂韧性由5. 8 MPa·m1/2增加到8. 6 MPa·m1/2 , 提高了48. 2 %。Al 相的存在使复合材料基体出现韧性断裂的特征。      

Microstructural characterization and wear behavior of in situ TiC/7075 composites synthesized by displacement reactions and spray forming

A novel in situ reaction technique is developed to prepare TiC/7075 composites. This technique provides a new approach overcoming the problems of loss and agglomeration of reinforcement particles when they are in situ formed in a molten metal first and then injected into the spray cone of molten droplets during the spray forming process. Experimental results have shown that the presence of strip or rectangular-like Al₃Ti, which is detrimental not only to the fracture toughness, but also to the stability of the microstructure, can be avoided completely from the final product by using a proper Ti:C molar ratio in the Ti-C-Al performs. The mechanisms of formation or absence of Al₃Ti phase in the TiC/7075 composites are explained based on thermodynamics of the system. The modification of the microstructure of the spray-formed 7075 alloy can be understood in the light of atomic diffusion. The wear results showed that the wear rates of the spray-formed 7075 alloy and its composites increased with applied loads. At higher applied loads, the 7075 alloy exhibited superior wear resistance than that of the composites. This is attributed to increased microcracking tendency of the composites than the matrix alloy.     

Analysis of in situ Reaction and Pressureless Infiltration Process in Fabricating TiC/Mg Composites

An innovative processing route, in situ reaction combined with pressureless infiltration, was adopted to fabricate magnesium matrix composites, where the reinforcement TiC formed in situ from elemental Ti and C powders and molten Mg spontaneously infiltrated the preform of Ti and C. The influences of primarily elemental particle sizes, synthesizing temperature, holding time etc on in situ reactive infiltration for Mg-Ti-C system were systematically investigated in order to explore the mechanism of this process. In fabricating TiC/Mg composites, Mg can not only spontaneously infiltrate the preform of reinforcement and thus densify the as fabricated composites as matrix metal, but also it can accelerate the in situ reaction process and lower the synthesizing temperature of Ti and C as well. In situ reaction of Ti and C and Mg infiltration processes are essentially overlapping and interacting during fabrication of TiC/Mg composites. The mechanism proposed in this paper can be used to explain the formation     

液相渗Si工艺制备2D CF/SiC复合材料中SiC晶粒的生长机制

由液相渗硅工艺(LSI)制得了2D CF/SiC复合材料,经过XRD分析得知材料中SiC均为β相。经过同质量比的K_3Fe(CN)_6与KOH混合水溶液对其进行腐蚀,由SEM观察腐蚀后2D CF/SiC复合材料的形貌,发现其中SiC呈现细等轴晶和粗大晶粒两种不同的形貌。分析认为LSI工艺制备2DCF/SiC复合材料中生成的SiC有两种生成机制:Si原子通过空位机制向碳中扩散形成无定型SiC,在保温过程中结晶形成细晶SiC层;C原子扩散进入熔融态硅中形成C—Si基团,由于温度梯度和浓度梯度的存在,在远离C/SiC界面处过饱和析出,通过溶解-沉淀机制形成粗大的SiC晶体,在晶粒的长大过程中伴随着层错的出现。     

成形压力对SiC/TiB2复合材料组织与性能的影响

基于熔融Si浸渗法制备出较致密的SiC/TiB₂复合材料, 并研究了坯体成形压力对SiC/TiB₂复合材料致密度、相组成、显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明, 复合材料由TiB₂、SiC和Si相组成。SiC/TiB₂复合材料的显微组织特征为: TiB₂相和SiC相均匀分布, 游离Si填充在TiB₂相和SiC相的空隙处, 且形成了连续相。随成形压力的增大, 复合材料中游离Si含量降低, TiB₂颗粒尺寸减小, 复合材料的力学性能先增加后降低。坯体最佳成形压力为200 MPa, 对应SiC/TiB₂复合材料的体积密度、开口气孔率、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别为3.63 g/cm³、0.90%、(354±16) MPa、(6.8±0.2) MPa·m^1/2和(21.0±1.1) GPa。     

In-situ synthesis of TiC/Fe alloy composites with high strength and hardness by reactive sintering

Fe alloy composites reinforced with in-situ titanium carbide(Ti C) particles were fabricated by reactive sintering using different reactant C/Ti ratios of 0.8,0.9,1 and 1.1 to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ Ti C/Fe alloy composites.The microstructure showed that the in-situ synthesized Ti C particles were spherical with a size of 1–3 μm,irrespective of C/Ti ratio.The stoichiometry of in-situ Ti C increased from 0.85 to 0.88 with increasing C/Ti ratio from 0.8 to 0.9,but remained almost unchanged for C/Ti ratios between 0.9 and 1.1 due to the same driving force for carbon diffusion in Ti Cxat the common sintering temperature.The in-situ Ti C/Fe alloy composite with C/Ti = 0.9 showed improved mechanical properties compared with other C/Ti ratios because the presence of excess carbon(C/Ti = 1 and 1.1) resulted in unreacted carbon within the Fe alloy matrix,while insufficient carbon(C/Ti = 0.8)caused the depletion of carbon from the Fe alloy matrix,leading to a significant decrease in hardness.This study presents that the maximized hardness and superior strength of in-situ Ti C/Fe alloy composites can be achieved by microstructure control and stoichiometric analysis of the in-situ synthesized Ti C particles,while maintaining the ductility of the composites,compared to those of the unreinforced Fe alloy.Therefore,we anticipate that the in-situ synthesized Ti C/Fe alloy composites with enhanced mechanical properties have great potential in cutting tool,mold and roller material applications.